Assignment 3-Group Project

(John Kane, Muhammad Osman, Pedro Adilson, Savanah Teters, Chris Brown)

1. (4.1.11) -Detailed description of how the IP address configuration works:

Manually enter IP address

Select “Use the following IP Address” and then input the following information in the
corresponding fields:

IP address: Check the device that you are connected to in order to locate the IP address. The
first three sets of digits should match. For this tutorial, we will use IP address 192.168.10.10.
Subnet mask: The subnet mask between the device that you are trying to connect to needs to
be the same as your PC. For this tutorial, we will use subnet mask 255.255.255.0

Once the device has an assigned IP address, it can communicate with other devices on the
network, such as DNS servers and web servers,
 2. (4.1.13) -How to set up IP addresses on mobile devices?

Suppose you have an Android mobile phone and want to configure the IP
address to connect to the Internet. Here I explain the steps to follow:
1. Open your phone's settings menu. You can do it by pressing the three-dot icon in the upper
right corner of the screen.

2. Look for the "Mobile Networks" or "Network Settings" option and click on it.

3. On the next screen, look for the "IP Address" or "IP Settings" option.

You can find it at the bottom of the screen.

4. Click on the "IP Address" option to open the address settings IP.

5. In the IP address configuration screen, look for the "Modify" or "Edit" option. You can find it
at the top of the screen.

6. When you click on "Modify", a window will open with a series of options. Find the "IP
Address" option and click on it.

7. In the IP address configuration screen, look for the "Enter IP address" or "Enter network
address" option. You can find it at the bottom of the screen.

8. In this field, enter the IP address you want to use. You can obtain this IP address from your
Internet service provider or from the website
How to Change Your IP Address on Android Manually
1. Go to your Android Settings.
2. Navigate to Wireless & Networks.
3. Click on your Wi-Fi network.
4. Click Modify Network.
5. Select Advanced Options.
6. Change the IP address.
3. (4.3.4) -Configure a DHCP Server

Steps:

1. Once the DHCP Server is installed on the PC, it is time to set up the scope for the subnet.
Start off by opening Server Manager
2. In the upper right corner, click tools, then DHCP
3. Click on the server’s name to show IPV4 and IPV6 options. Right click on IPV4, and click
Create New Scope.
4. This is where we can configure the settings we want. A Scope Wizard opens, and it will
take you through a few pages where you can input information about the DNS server,
default gateway, subnet mask, and the WINS server
5. Other settings you can configure are exclusions (a range of IP addresses you don’t want
assigned dynamically) and reservations (statically assigned IP addresses for specific
devices on a network)
6. Once done, right click on your new scope and make sure it’s activated.
7. Open a command line interface window and type ipconfig /release to release your
current IP address, and then type ipconfig /renew to check that you are assigned a
unique IP address successfully.

Explanation: Configuring a DHCP Server on a network is generally beneficial to bigger organizations who
have more than a few devices. Smaller organizations generally use static IP addressing, which involves
manually assigning a device it’s IP address so it can connect to the network. DHCP is great for an
organization with lots of network devices because it automatically assigns the IP configuration when a
device connects to the network. Parts of an IP configuration include a unique IP address, subnet mask,
the default gateway, DNS server, and in some cases, the WINS server.

Example of a DHCP Server on a Network:

DHCP Server DHCP Client

DHCP Client

DHCP Client DHCP Client DHCP Client

4. (4.3.8) -Create DHCP Client Reservations

Steps:

1. In the Windows Server Manager, click on Tools in the upper right corner of the window.
Find DHCP and click it.
2. Click on the name of your server, and find the scope in which you’d like to create a client
reservation on.
3. Click on the scope, and find Reservations. Right click on it, and select Add New
Reservation.
4. A window pops up that asks for the devices Reservation Name, The static IP Address,
and the devices MAC address.
5. After entering in the information, that device will always have that assigned IP address
to connect to the network.

Explanation: An organization might implement DHCP Reservations in order to assign devices their own
consistent static IP addresses. Some examples of these devices may be printers or other servers. These
reservations are assigned by the DHCP server, and uses the devices MAC address to identify it’s reserved
IP address when the device connects to the network.

Example of a DHCP Reserved printer on a network:

 5. (4.5.4) -Configure DNS Addresses

Fig. 1 Example of Configuring a DNS

Explanation to Client:

If you want an easy way to think of a Domain Name System (DNS), think of it like a
phonebook for the Internet. By using a phonebook, you can find someone’s number
with their name and similarly, DNS (Domain Name System) is used to find the IP
address of a domain name. In the world of the Internet, computers communicate using
numbers, which are quite difficult for regular users to remember. We humans are
good at remembering names, so instead of the phone numbers of computer systems,
we remember their domain names.
 Fig. 2

Domain Name IP Address

Domain Name
www.yahoo.com System 69.147.88.7

DNS, or the (Domain Name System), translates Domains (www.yahoo.com) into

numbers (IP addresses) on the internet, which the computer understands, as shown in
(Fig. 2). Next, I am going to discuss the idea of why we configure systems to use DNS
servers. Configuring DNS addresses is similar to using a map to find your destination.
Without using a DNS server, (www.yahoo.com) is meaningless to our router and
would not understand what we want to access.
 6. (4.5.5) -Create Standard DNS Zones

Type of Record IP Domain

A 203.0.113.45 www.website1.com
A 104.27.182.45 www.website2.com

Explanation to Client:
A DNS zone is where the DNS records are stored for a specific
domain. This allows the network administrator to define various IP
addresses and their associated domain names to allow users easier
access through simple names, for example, www.website1.com. A
records within DNS zones serve this purpose for IPv4 addresses
while AAAA records must be used for IPv6 addresses.
7. (4.5.8) – Troubleshoot DNS Records

Problem. A small company recently set up a Human Resources Information System (HRIS) on a separate
server within the KaneNet.local domain for security and efficiency. The HR department has recently
submitted a ticket saying that no one can reach the site (hris1.KaneNet.local) anymore.

Investigation. You confirm that a ping to hris1.KaneNet.local times out but that pinging the IP address
(10.0.0.30) works fine. An nslookup of the FQDN also fails.

Solution. In this case you check the DNS server and find that the A record in the forward lookup zone
has been deleted and you create a new one being sure to have it automatically generate the PTR in the
reverse lookup zone. You navigate to hris1.KaneNet.local in the browser and see that connectivity has
been restored.

Explanation to Client. You respond to the HR department ticket by explaining that the software which
converts site names to the actual IP address of the sites had an issue, but that it is fixed now and they
should be able to connect as normal.
8. (4.6.5) – Configure NTP

Problem. You are the systems administrator for a mid-sized company which operates on a domain with
only Windows servers and workstations. The exception is a small research unit which uses a testing
environment on a Linux server (which you are responsible for maintaining). The Linux server is often
taken down for hours or days at a time due to the nature of the team’s work. You notice that time
stamps in logs from the Linux server are often curiously mismatched with those of the other devices on
the network and that there are an inordinate amount of certificate issues to troubleshoot.

Investigation. Logging into the linux server, you find that it pulls time with the timesynchd NTP client
which comes with that server distribution.

Solution. You decide to switch the server’s NTP client to chrony, which uses a somewhat more effective
algorithm for dealing with network interruption as well as a suite of tools which allow for better
managing the pool time servers. This will result in more accurate server time as well as the linux server
time being more exactly in line with the rest of the devices on the network.

Fig. 1 (Installing chrony, timesynchd automatically makes way for it during configuration)

Fig. 2 (Confirm that the NTP client is working)

Explanation to Client. You let the team know that installed a new NTP client on their linux server,
explaining that this will allow you to keep their server time and logs synched up more closely with the
rest of the network so that you can better troubleshoot any issues they have and also proactively
maintain their system.
 Group Assignment 2

9. (4.7.8) – Configure an IPv6 Address

Solution provided in machine running windows 11.
Search settings
Click Network & Internet
In this example I used the wireless adapter.
Click edit next to IP address
Slide the IPv6 option
See static IPv6 options below – Click Save
10. (4.10.6) -Explore Network Communications
In this solution we will discuss various (Powershell) or command line tools. The examples
below are not all available, just examples I believe are most useful.
Ping:
Used to research connectivity, reachability, and name resolution.

Tracert:
Syntax options (can be found by using just tracert syntax in CMD windows machines).

Used for displaying times it takes packets to travel between host and destination.
Ipconfig:
Displays basic IP information on machine.