Contents

Introduction 4 Challenge
Changes in population 84
1 Working with numbers 6
1.1 Multiplying and dividing negative
5 Congruent shapes 86
numbers 7 5.1 Congruent shapes 87
1.2 Factors and highest common factor 5.2 Congruent triangles 90
(HCF) 10 5.3 Using congruent triangles to
1.3 Multiples and lowest common solve problems 93
multiple (LCM) 13 Ready to progress? 96
1.4 Powers and roots 16 Review questions 96
1.5 Prime factors 18 Investigation
Ready to progress? 22 Using scale diagrams to work out
Review questions 22 distances 98
Challenge
6 Surface area and volume 100
Blackpool Tower 24
of prisms
2 Geometry 26 6.1 Metric units for area and volume 101
2.1 Parallel lines 27 6.2 Surface area of prisms 103
2.2 The geometric properties of 6.3 Volume of prisms 107
quadrilaterals 32 Ready to progress? 112
2.3 Translations 35 Review questions 112
2.4 Enlargements 39 Investigation
2.5 Constructions 45 A cube investigation 114
Ready to progress? 50
7 Graphs 116
Review questions 50
Challenge 7.1 Graphs from linear equations 117
More constructions 52 7.2 Gradient (steepness) of a straight
line 119
3 Probability 54
7.3 Graphs from quadratic equations 122
3.1 Mutually exclusive outcomes and 7.4 Real-life graphs 125
exhaustive outcomes 55 Ready to progress? 128
3.2 Using a sample space to calculate Review questions 128
probabilities 60 Challenge
3.3 Estimates of probability 63 The M25 130
Ready to progress? 68
8 Number 132
Review questions 68
Financial skills 8.1 Powers of 10 133
Fun in the fairground 70 8.2 Significant figures 135
8.3 Standard form with large numbers 139
4 Percentages 72
8.4 Multiplying with numbers in standard
4.1 Calculating percentages 73 form 141
4.2 Calculating percentage increases Ready to progress? 144
and decreases 76 Review questions 144
4.3 Calculating a percentage Challenge
Change 78 Space – to see where no one has seen
Ready to progress? 82 before 146
Review questions 82
2 Contents
 9 Interpreting data 148 13.3 Inverse proportion 231
13.4 Comparing direct proportion and
9.1 Interpreting graphs and diagrams 149
inverse proportion 236
9.2 Relative sized pie charts 151
Ready to progress? 240
9.3 Scatter graphs and correlation 156
Review questions 240
9.4 Creating scatter graphs 160
Challenge
Ready to progress? 164
Planning a trip 242
Review questions 164
Challenge 14 Circles 244
Football attendances 166 14.1 The circumference of a circle 245
10 Algebra 168 14.2 Formula for the circumference of a
circle 247
10.1 Algebraic notation 169 14.3 Formula for the area of a circle 250
10.2 Like terms 171 Ready to progress? 254
10.3 Expanding brackets 173 Review questions 254
10.4 Using algebraic expressions 175 Financial skills
10.5 Using index notation 178 Athletics stadium 256
Ready to progress? 180
Review questions 180 15 Equations and formulae 258
Mathematical reasoning 15.1 Equations with brackets 259
Writing in algebra 182 15.2 Equations with the variable on both
11 Shape and ratio 184 sides 261
15.3 More complex equations 263
11.1 Ratio of lengths, areas and volumes 185 15.4 Rearranging formulae 265
11.2 Fractional enlargement 189 Ready to progress? 268
11.3 Map scales 195 Review questions 268
Ready to progress? 200 Reasoning
Review questions 200 Using graphs to solve equations 270
Activity
Map reading 202 16 Comparing data 272

12 Fractions and decimals 204 16.1 Grouped frequency tables 273

16.2 Drawing frequency diagrams 276
12.1 Adding and subtracting fractions 205 16.3 Comparing sets of data 279
12.2 Multiplying fractions and integers 207 16.4 Misleading charts 282
12.3 Dividing with integers and fractions 210 Ready to progress? 286
12.4 Multiplication with large and small Review questions 286
numbers 212 Problem solving
12.5 Division with large and small Why do we use so many devices to
numbers 215 watch TV? 288
Ready to progress? 218
Review questions 218 Glossary 290
Challenge
Guesstimates 220 Index 295

13 Proportion 222
13.1 Direct proportion 223
13.2 Graphs and direct proportion 227

Contents 3