INTERNSHIP (Taniya Khajuria BA 5th Semester)

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DOGRA DEGREE COLLEGE

NAME: TANIYA KHAJURIA


CLASS: B.A (5th semester)
ROLL:
COURSE CODE: USEGEI-506
SUBJECT: HISTORY INCHARGE:
Mrs. Kanchan DUBEY
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I want to show my thanks to Amar Mahal Museum and
Library for allowing me to work with them and get the
most out from my internship, as well as for assisting me
in the competition of this project.

I would like to thank “RETIRED COLONEL SUDIP MITRA” for


allowing me to participate in their respective work. I also
want to express my appreciation to the team for their
amazing help and inspiring guidance throughout my
internship period.

I would like to thank my internship guide “MRS. KANCHAN


DUBEY” for inspiring, guiding, and always supporting me
in my whole internship project.

Last but not least, I want to thank my parents and


teachers for providing me with time, motivation, support,
and the motivation I needed to complete my internship
DECLARATION
I undersigned TANIYA KHAJURIA student of BA,
5th semester under Roll number _____________
Declare that I have done the project on topic
“Museums” in “Amar place museum and library”.
It has been partially done by me under the
guidance of ‘Mrs. KANCHAN DUBEY’ for 15 days
summer internship academic year 2024-2025
all the data contained in this project is true and
corrected to the best of my knowledge and
belief.

SIGNATURE: -
REPORT
ON
AMAR PALACE
MUESUM AND
LIBRARY.
TABLE OF CONTENT.
1. WHAT ARE MUSEUMS? (Pg. 7-8)
2. JAMMU AND KASHMIR IN THE
CONTEXT OF INDIA (Pg. 8)
2.1 GEOGRAPHICAL BOUNDARY &
ETYMOLOGY (Pg.9)
3. EARLIEST HISTORY OF JAMMU &
KASHMIR(Pg. 11-12)
4. EARLY DOGRA HISTORY (Pg. 13 – 15)
4.1 RULERS(Pg. 15–19)
5. ABOUT THE MUSEUM(Pg. 19-23)

5.1 EXHIBITS(Pg.24)

5.1.1 TICKET COUNTER &


MUSEUM SHOP(Pg. 25-26)
5.1.2 DOGRA HALL(Pg.27-36)
5.1.3 DR. KARAN SINGH
GALLERY (Pg. 37-43)
5.1.4 MAHARAJMATA SUITE (Pg.44-50)
5.1.5 MAHARAJA HARI SINGH
GALLERY (Pg.51-55)
5.1.6 LADAKH GALLERY (Pg.56)
5.1.7 THRONE ROOM (Pg.56-57)
5.1.8 MINATURE ART GALLERY (Pg.58-62)
5.1.9 INDRA DURG GALLERY (Pg.63-65)
5.1.10 CONTEMPORARY ART GALLERY
(Pg.66-70)

6. OBJECTIVES (Pg. 71-72)

7. CONCLUSION (Pg. 73-75)

8. REFRENCES (Pg. 76-79)


What are Museums ?
Museums are buildings in which we see many
things of artistic, cultural, historical, traditional
and objects of scientific interest. It is a great
source of knowledge. It not only gives us
knowledge but also makes us familiar with our
history, culture, civilization, religion, art,
architecture of our country. In the museum,
there are many things which are kept for the
public.

Through all these things we can come to know


how people of ancient times lived, what they
used and what things they made. Therefore,
Museums are also called storehouse of history.

Types of Museums
Museums can be divided into following
categories:

1. Fine arts: They contain all types of


paintings, drawings, sculpture, architecture etc.
2.Historical Museums: These museums
illustrate historical events or period,
personalities etc. They have weapons, statues,
artifacts made of stones and other material.

3.Science and Technology: It contains all the


things which are representative of the evolution
of history, science, and technology such as
Museum-house: It is located in the birthplace of
a famous person such as Sabarmati ashram,
DR. Bhim Rao Ambedkar’s home, Tipu Sultan
palace etc.

4.Archaeological Museum: It contains all the


objects related to history.

General Museum: They contain more than one


subject and therefore these museums are
called multidisciplinary museums.
JAMMU
AND KASHMIR
IN THE
CONTEXT OF
INDIA.
GEOGRAPHICAL BOUNDARY AND
ETYMOLOGY

The state of Jammu and Kashmir founded by


Maharaja Gulab Singh in 1846 was the largest
princely state in India with an area over 84000
sq. miles.
It comprised the Jammu province, the Kashmir
province, Gilgit-Baltistan and Ladakh. the
summer capital was Srinagar while the winter
capital was Jammu which lies in the foothills of
the Shivalik range. The great rivers flow
through the state – The Indus, Jhelum and the
Chenab.

The state was created by the Dogra Maharaja


Gulab Singh. The term Dogra was derived from
‘Dwigart’ meaning two lakes – probably Mansar
and Sanasar. Another interpretation derives it
from ‘Durg’ meaning difficult terrain
EARLIEST HISTORY OF J&K
The earliest evidences of human activity in the
Jammu region can be traced back to the
Palaeolithic era tools of this period have been
discovered from Lakhanpur, Jurro, Pinyani and
terra. Neolithic artifacts such as chisel, Ring
stone, ball, blades, celts have been discovered
from Malapur, located on the left bank of the
Ranbir canal. An important Archaeological
discovery pertaining to the Indus valley
civilization has been found in the northern most
site at Manda. The region has a long history
dating back to ancient times. It was a part of
several ancient empires including the Mauryan
empire and the Kushan empire.
During the reign of Kushan empire, Buddhism
flourished in this region sites like the famous
monasteries of Leh and the rock caved stupas
at Gilgit bear witness to this era. Excavations
were carried out at the hamlet Pambarwan at
Ambaran near Akhnoor which is a Buddhist site
famous for its terracotta heads. The site was
excavated by DR. B.R Mani.
*EARLY DOGRA HISTORY*
The Dogra’s are a prominent ethnic group primarily
found in the Indian-administered union territory of
Jammu and Kashmir, particularly in the Jammu
region. The history of the Dogra’s is closely
intertwined with the history of the region.
Raja Jambu lochan, the founder of Jambu or Jammu
town, traced his lineage from the Suryavanshi ruler
of Ishwaku dynasty – descended the throne after his
elder brother Bahu lochan who built the Bahu fort
for Goddess Mahakali, the patron deity of Jammu.

STORY BEHIND THE REGION: - Once Raja Jambu


lochan during a hunt came to the top of a hill on the
banks of the river Tawi, where he witnessed a lion
and a goat drinking water from the same pond.
Witnessing such a scene, he decided to reside at
such a place which was a land of divine justice and
where people could live in peace and harmony.
The rule of Jambu lochan was followed by the Raj,
Dhar and Dev dynasties. Ranjit Dev, of the Dev
dynasty, ascended the throne in 1733 CE and is
credited for the unification of the Jammu region.
During his region, the Jammu Raj flourished and
became the Abode of Peace. Coins issued by Ranjit
dev bore the legend of ‘Darul-Aman-i-Jammu’-
Jammu the abode of peace.
The Dogra dynasty rose to prominence under the
leadership of Maharaja Gulab Singh, who
established the princely state of Jammu and
Kashmir in the early 19th century. Gulab Singh was a
general in the Sikh Empire's army and later became
the ruler of Jammu after the collapse of the Sikh
rule in the region. Under Gulab Singh and his
successors, the Dogra rulers expanded their
domain, incorporating regions like Ladakh, Gilgit,
and Baltistan into their kingdom. The Dogra rule
lasted until the partition of British India in 1947 when
Maharaja Hari Singh, the last ruler of Jammu and
Kashmir, faced pressure from both India and
Pakistan to accede his princely state to one of the
newly formed nations.
Hari Singh initially sought to remain independent but
eventually acceded to India, leading to the Indo-
Pakistani War of 1947-48. This conflict resulted in
the division of the state into Indian-administered
Jammu and Kashmir and Pakistani-administered
Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan. Since then, the
region has been a source of tension between India
and Pakistan, with both countries claiming it in its
entirety.
Throughout their history, the Dogra’s have played a
significant role in the cultural, political, and
economic landscape of the Jammu and Kashmir
region. Today, they continue to be an important part
of the social fabric of the area, contributing to its
diverse heritage and identity.
*RULERS*
Early Kingdoms (Up to 1339 CE): This period saw a
succession of Hindu dynasties ruling Kashmir, each
leaving its mark on the region's cultural and political
landscape.

* The Karkota Dynasty (625-800 CE): Founded by


Durlabhaka, the Karkota dynasty ushered in a
golden age for Kashmir. Durlabhaka himself ruled
for six decades, promoting art, literature, and
infrastructure development. His successors,
especially Lalitaditya Muktapida (723-760 CE),
further expanded the kingdom's borders through
military conquests and fostered a vibrant cultural
scene.

* The Utpala Dynasty (8th-9th centuries CE):


Following the Karkota dynasty, the Utpala dynasty
ruled Kashmir for over a century. This period is
known for its advancements in literature,
particularly in the field of Sanskrit poetry. Avant
Dhana, one of the prominent rulers of this dynasty,
is credited with establishing the famous Sharada
script.

* The Lohara Dynasty (9th-10th centuries CE): The


Lohara dynasty succeeded the Utpala dynasty and
marked a period of political stability and economic
prosperity. King Sankara Varman, a notable ruler of
this period, is credited with building temples and
patronizing scholars.

* The Simha Dynasty (1006-1320 CE): The last major


Hindu dynasty to rule Kashmir before the rise of
Muslim power, the Simha dynasty saw a period of
internal conflicts and external invasions. However,
there were also periods of cultural and artistic
achievements. Kings like Narasimha Gupta and
Rachana are remembered for their temple-building
activities and patronage of arts.

* Muslim Rule (1339-1846 CE): In 1339, Kashmir came


under Muslim rule with the establishment of the
Shah Miri Dynasty. This period saw a blend of
Islamic and Hindu culture. Some important rulers
include:

* Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin (1420-1470 CE): Considered a


just and benevolent ruler, he promoted religious
tolerance and economic development.

* Mughal Empire (1586-1846 CE): Kashmir became


part of the vast Mughal Empire in the 16th century.
The Mughals introduced new administrative systems
and promoted Persian culture.

* Dogra Dynasty (1846-1952 CE): The Dogra dynasty,


a Hindu Rajput clan, came to power in 1846 after the
signing of the Treaty of Amritsar with the British
East India Company. The Dogra’s modernized the
state's administration and infrastructure. Some of
the rulers include:
* Maharaja Gulab Singh (1846-1856 CE): Founder of
the Dogra dynasty, he significantly expanded the
state's territory, which included Jammu. He is
credited with laying the foundation for
modernization of the state's administration and
infrastructure.

* Maharaja Ranbir Singh (1856-1885 CE): Succeeded


Gulab Singh and further consolidated Dogra rule. He
implemented various administrative reforms,
promoted trade, and encouraged infrastructure
development in Jammu and Kashmir.

* Maharaja Pratap Singh (1885-1925 CE): Focused on


improving the education system and public health
facilities in the state. During his reign, Jammu and
Kashmir witnessed a period of relative peace and
stability.

* Maharaja Hari Singh (1925-1952 CE): The last ruler,


his reign saw political movements for autonomy or
joining India or Pakistan. Kashmir's first political
party, the National Conference, was formed under
his rule.

It's important to note that the Dogra dynasty's power


centre was in Jammu, so the region held some
political significance during their reign.
*ABOUT THE MUSEUM AND LIBRARY*
The palace was commissioned by Amar Singh, who
moved to the beautiful vantage point from the
palace complex of Mubarak mandi. The architecture
is made in French colonial style, while the exact
French architect responsible for the Amar mahal
palace remains unknown yet, the key features of the
palace reflect the French architectural influence:

* French-Chateau Style: The overall design is


described as French-chateau style. Chateaus are
typically large, country houses or manor houses
built by the nobility in France. These structures
often incorporated:

* Steep, Sloping Roofs: Designed to shed rain and


snow effectively, these roofs were typically made of
slate or tile. The pitch of the roof, or the angle at
which it sloped down from the ridge to the eaves,
was carefully considered by French architects.
Steeper pitches were more effective in shedding
heavy snowfall, common in the mountainous regions
of France. In areas with more rain, a slightly less
steep pitch would suffice while still allowing for
proper drainage. Additionally, the use of slate or tile
for roofing materials offered several advantages.
Slate is a naturally occurring stone known for its
durability and resistance to fire and water. Tile,
often made from clay, was another popular roofing
material and could be shaped into various forms,
adding a decorative element to the chateau's
exterior. The red tile roof visible in the image of the
Amar Mahal Palace is a classic example of this
design element. French architects favoured slate or
tile roofing for its practicality and aesthetics. Slate,
a metamorphic rock, is formed from the hardening
of volcanic ash and clay over time. This natural
process results in a tile that is exceptionally strong,
weather-resistant, and fire-resistant. Clay tiles,
another popular choice, were formed by moulding
wet clay and then firing it in a kiln. This process
created a durable and versatile roofing material
that could be shaped into various forms. The red
colour of the tiles used on the Amar Mahal Palace
roof is likely due to the presence of iron oxide in the
clay. Iron oxide is a naturally occurring compound
that gives clay its reddish hue when fired at high
temperatures. In addition to their practicality, slate
and tile roofs also added a touch of elegance to
French chateaus. The geometric shapes of the tiles,
often rectangular or interlocking, created a visually
appealing pattern on the roofline. The contrasting
colour of the roof against the lighter-coloured walls
of the chateau further accentuated the architectural
design.

* Tall Towers: The Amar Mahal Palace has


prominent towers, which are another element found
in many French chateaus. These towers served
several purposes. They provided a lookout point for
spotting approaching guests or potential dangers.
Towers could also house additional rooms, such as
guest chambers or storage areas. Additionally, the
towers added a vertical element to the chateau's
design, making it appear grander and imposing. The
towers on the Amar Mahal Palace are not square or
rectangular like many medieval French chateaus,
but rather have a more rounded appearance. This
could be a nod to the local architectural styles of
the Jammu region or simply a creative adaptation by
the architect.
* Symmetry: French chateaus are renowned for
their balanced and harmonious design. This
symmetry is achieved by carefully arranging the
architectural elements around a central axis. The
main building facade, often featuring an elaborate
entrance doorway, is typically positioned along this
central axis. Windows and doors on either side of
the facade are spaced evenly to create a sense of
order and proportion. Symmetry can also be
extended to the roofline, with dormers, chimneys,
and other features mirrored on either side of the
central ridge. While the full view of the Amar Mahal
Palace isn't available in the image, it's likely that the
overall layout adheres to this principle of symmetry,
contributing to the building’s stateliness and
grandeur.
While the specific materials used in the Amar Mahal
Palace are mentioned (bricks, lime mortar, and
decorative pebbles), French chateaus traditionally
incorporated stone for their exterior walls. It's
possible the architect adapted the design to local
materials available in Jammu.
It's important to remember that the Amar Mahal
Palace isn't a replica of a French chateau. The
architect likely incorporated these French elements
while adapting them to the local climate and
cultural preferences. This fusion of European and
Indian styles is what makes the Amar Mahal Palace
unique.
The palace was the residence of Maharani Tara Devi
till 1968. In 1975 the building was converted into a
museum and library showcasing the history of the
Dogra dynasty, the royal portraits of the Dogra
rulers, the golden throne, a collection of narrative
paintings in the Kangara miniature style of the late
18th century and a substantial number of books and
contemporary art from the personal collection of
DR. Karan Singh.
Houses a museum showcasing artifacts and exhibits
related to Jammu and Kashmir's royal history and
culture. The Amar Mahal Library boasts an
impressive collection of over 25,000 historical books
on various subjects, but these are generally not
accessible to the public for browsing due to their
preservation needs.
Located on a hilltop overlooking the Tawi River in
Jammu.
Open to the public (except Mondays and national
holidays) with nominal entry fees.

EXHIBITS
1. TICKET COUNTER AND MUSEUM SHOP
2. DOGRA HISTORY GALLERY
3. DR. KARAN SINGH GALLERY
4. MAHARAJMATA SUITE
(special admission ticket)
5. MAHARAJ HARI SINGH GALLERY
6. LADAKH GALLERY
7. THRONE ROOM
8. DURBAR HALL –MINIATURE
PAINTING GALLERY
9. INDRA DUGGAR GALLERY
10. CONTEMPORARY ART GALLERY
Let’s explore
every section of
gallery in detail
from Dogra Hall
to contemporary
art gallery.

1. TICKET COUNTER AND


MUSEUM SHOP
Visitors can access the museum with a
paid ticket which varies according to
individual’s interest and they could
also take some souvenirs from the
museums shop. Fridge magnets,
keychains, earrings, books, bags etc
are there.
2.Dogra Hall
The Gallery consists of various posters of
Dogra rulers consist of various
achievements of different rulers, their
childhood, history and origin of Jammu,
the chronology of succession and
development in the field of education,
transportation, infrastructure.

Before 1975, it was a billiards room, Mr.


KULDEEP SINGH the guide of Dogra Hall
particularly led people to demonstrate
different traditional dresses adorned by
rulers. They distribute information
regarding each and every aspect of the
Hall.
MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS OF RULERS: -
* Maharaja Gulab Singh (1846-1856)
He was born on October21st ,1792 into a Dogra
Rajput family at Answewah near samba. He was the
founder of Dogra dynasty during the middle of 19th
century. He was a descendent in the direct line from
Raja Dhruv Dev. At the tender age of 16. Gulab Singh
was Maharaja Ranjit Singh of Punjab fought for the
possession of Qila Attack in 1813. He was rewarded
with the jagirs of Babool.

Seeing his bravery and strategic wisdom,


Sher-e-Punjab Maharaja Ranjit Singh declared him
as the Raja of Jammu on June 16,1822 in the
presence of nobles, Jaghirdars and close relatives
of Gulab Singh at the historical Jeopota tree on the
banks of Chenab at Akhnoor fort.

After the death of maharaja Ranjit Singh, the British


governor general lord Harding under the Amritsar
Treaty signed on March 16,1846, acknowledged Gulab
Singh as Maharaja, an independent sovereign of
territories between the Indus and Ravi. Thus, was
created the Jammu and Kashmir state which
included the territories already in possession of
Maharaja Gulab Singh.

* GENERAL ZORAWAR SINGH KAHLURIA


(1786-1841)
General Zorawar Singh Kahluria (1786-1841) rose to
be a general in the Dogra army created by Maharaja
Gulab Singh. He turned out to be one of the greatest
military strategists in world history with his
remarkable campaigns in the high Himalayas
resulting in the capture of Ladakh with heavy
sacrifice of Dogra soldiers. Similarly general Bal
Singh was responsible for the conquest of Gilgit-
Baltistan. Between them they added vast territories
to the Dogra empire, the creation of which was one
of the most important geo political events of the 19th
century with fare implications that continue down to
the present day.

* MAHARAJA RANBIR SINGH (1856-1885 CE)


Maharaja Ranbir Singh was a prominent ruler of the
princely state of Jammu and Kashmir in the 19th
century. He ruled from 1857 until his death in 1885.
Maharaja Ranbir Singh is notable for his efforts in
modernizing and reforming the administration of
Jammu and Kashmir during his reign. He
implemented several administrative reforms,
improved infrastructure, and promoted education
and the arts in his kingdom. His rule laid the
foundation for the later development of the princely
state under his successors.

Some notable achievements of Maharaja Ranbir


Singh are: -
1.Administrative Reforms: Ranbir Singh implemented
important administrative reforms aimed at
improving governance and efficiency. He
reorganized the bureaucracy, established courts,
and standardized administrative procedures.

2.Infrastructure Development: Under his rule, there


was considerable development of infrastructure in
Jammu and Kashmir. This included the construction
of roads, bridges, and irrigation canals, which
facilitated better connectivity and agriculture in the
region.

Promotion of Education: Maharaja Ranbir Singh was


a patron of education. He founded schools and
encouraged the spread of modern education in his
kingdom. This initiative helped in increasing literacy
and knowledge dissemination among the people.

Cultural Patronage: Ranbir Singh supported the arts


and culture. He promoted local crafts, music, and
literature, thereby enriching the cultural heritage of
Jammu and Kashmir.

Military and Defence: He strengthened the military


capabilities of his state, which was strategically
important given the geopolitical context of the time.
This helped in maintaining stability and security
within the kingdom.

Modernization Efforts: Ranbir Singh took steps


towards modernizing the state administration,
bringing in reforms that were ahead of their time
compared to many other princely states in India
during that period.

* Maharaja Pratap Singh (1885-1925 CE)


Maharaja Pratap Singh was formally recognized as
successor to the throne of Jammu and Kashmir
union territory on 25th September 1885. The first
major step towards development was taken in 1889
when the Jhelum valley cart road from Kohala to
Baramulla was completed in 1922. Another great
highway, the Banihal cart road, which connect
Srinagar to Jammu.
Efforts were taken for education. One degree college
each at Jammu (prince of whale’s college,
established in 1907) and at Srinagar (Sri Pratap
college established in

1905) Amar Singh technical institute in Srinagar


(1914) and Sri Pratap technical school in Jammu
(1924) was established to meet the demands of
higher education.
* RAJA AMAR SINGH
The third son of Maharaja Ranbir Singh, and brother
of maharaja Pratap Singh, raja Amar Singh was
born in 1864. At the age of 13, Amar Singh was part
of the historical assemblage held at Delhi in January
1877, for the proclamation of queen Victoria as
empress of India. Being one of the scions of the
Indian nobility, he was selected for the honorific
position of a page in attendance. He was awarded
the knight commandership of the order of the star of
India on 10th November 1891.
* RAJA RAM SINGH (1861-1899)
Maharaja Ranvir Singh’s second son, Raja Ram
Singh was connoisseur of horses and served as
commander-in-chief of the state forces until his
death in 1899. He was granted the jagir of Ramnagar.
The raja builds a fort at Ramnagar in 1885 which is
popularly known as SHEESH MAHAL, one of the royal
mansions of Jammu and Kashmir. The palace is
profusely decorated with painted murals, paintings
showing scenes from the Ramayana and
Mahabharata.
* Maharaja Hari Singh (1925-1952 CE):
The last ruling Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir. His
reign was marked by a rise in political movements
advocating for greater autonomy or accession to
either India or Pakistan. Notably, the All–Jammu and
Kashmir Muslim Conference, the first political party
in Kashmir, was formed in 1932 under his rule.
The party, later renamed the National
Conference, continues to be a major political
force in Kashmir today. Maharaja Hari Singh's
reign also coincided with the Indian
independence movement and the subsequent
partition of British India in 1947. The decision of
which newly formed nation, India or Pakistan,
Jammu and Kashmir would accede to remained
unresolved, leading to the outbreak of the First
Kashmir War in 1947.
* DR. KARAN SINGH
Maharaja Hari Singh’s son DR. Karan Singh was born
on 9th march 1931 as heir to the then princely state of
Jammu and Kashmir. DR. Karan Singh has been
actively involved from a very young age in public
affairs during a turbulent and fascinating period in
our country’s history. He was also exposed to a rich
array of emotional and spirituality.
3. KARAN SINGH’S GALLERY
Maharaja Hari Singh took Maharani Tara Devi to
Europe for the delivery and the young prince was
born in Cannes, France. News of the birth of a baby
boy spread like wild fire and officially proclamations
were made. While three days were declared as
public holidays by the state, feasts went on for days.
The entire state was in cheerful mood and owners
held free cinema shows and music performances. In
addition, offerings were made at religious places
and people prayed for the long life of the prince at
temples, mosques and gurdwaras.
DR. Karan Singh was the only former ruler of
princely state to voluntarily surrender his privy
purse. He converted the Amar mahal palace into
museum and library which contains a priceless
collection of Pahari miniature and modern India art
as well as his personal library of over twenty
thousand volumes. He has been looking after
several trusts in Jammu and Kashmir including the
DHARMARTH TRUST, which administers over a
hundred Hindu temples. DR. Karan Singh has been
associated with many cultural and academic
institutions and has received may honorary degrees
and other awards, including doctorates from the
Banaras Hindu university, Aligarh Muslim university
and soka university, Tokyo. He has represented INDIA
at important international conferences and has
given lectures in five continents on philosophy,
culture, politics, and environment. He was awarded
with the PADMA VIBHUSHAN AWARD in 2005 and the
national integration award from the national
commission for minorities. He is the Indian
representative on the executive board of UNESCO
since 2009.

On 20th June 1949, at the age of 18, DR. Karan Singh


was appointed Regent by Maharaja Hari Singh. In
1952 while the state Constitution was being framed,
DR. Karan Singh was elected, by the state
Constituent Assembly, as Sadar-i-Riyasat and re-
elected in 1957 and 1962.In 1965,through a
Presidential Order, the post of Sadar-i-Riyasat was
converted into Governor in which capacity DR. Karan
Singh continued until he left the state to join
Shrimati Indira Gandhi's cabinet as Minister for
Tourism and Civil Aviation in 1967.He remained
Cabinet Minister for 10years holding the portfolios of
Health &Family Planning, and Education &Culture. In
1989 Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi appointed him
Ambassador to the United States.
During his public life DR. Karan Singh has held many
significant positions, including being the Chancellor
of Banaras Hindu University and Jawaharlal Nehru
University, representing India on the UNESCO
Executive Board for 8 years, President of Indian
apart from continuing to be a Member of Parliament
until 2018. Over 40 years he had four terms in the
Lok Sabha and four terms in the Rajya Sabha.
Rajkumari DR. Jyotsna Singh is the Director of Amar
Palace Museum and Library. This Gallery is
funnelled by Retired Cornel Sudip Mitra, he is also
the Additional Director of the Museum.
There are two distinct features in DR. Karan Singhs
gallery one is the (Rucervus duvaucelii) swamp
deer’s heads which were hunt down by Maharani
Tara Devi and Maharaja Hari Singh in 1930, both of
them are real and chemically preserved only the
eyes are made of mirror. The other feature is
NATRAJ a common sculpture, painting, posters
where shiva is dancing over demon APASMARGH and
destroying him but a different NATRAJ where shiva
is killing the demon APASMARGH over his hand. The
statue was a gift from Indonesia, Jakarta.

The gallery also includes various


achievements of DR. Karan Singh and his
compilation of books he wrote about 148
books in Hindi, Dogri and English. He himself
could speak 16 national and international languages.
This gallery was a MADHUSHALA of Maharaja Hari
Singh before changing it into a museum.
4. MAHARAJMATA SUITE
The Maharajmata Suite has been preserved as it
was during the life of late Maharani Tara Devi, who
lived here for several years. On display, among other
artefacts, is a magnificent portrait of Queen Victoria
along with the Crown of India that was conferred
upon the Maharani for her work during the war
years. A portrait of the Maharani at the puja painted
by the famous Sardar Sobha Singh and several
photographs from that era are also on display. The
dressing room contains examples of her ceremonial
Dogri and western dresses and accessories. Her
personal washroom is embellished by beautifully
glazed European tiles, which were specially
commissioned for the palace includes the luxurious
perfumes from brands like CHANEL and the soaps
used are from Yardley. The bathtubs show the
sophisticated and elegant look, the interior
architecture of the rooms shows the influence of
French architecture.
Entering towards the room right side a Dressing
table is placed with a nail filer, hair brush, powder
box, mirror, shoe horn etc. Towards the centre there
is a huge rug placed on the floor and the rug have
seen the whole childhood of DR. Karan Singh. Mr.
Pratap guides the whole gallery to tourists.
5.MAHARAJA HARI SINGH GALLERY
This gallery is a tribute to the life and work of
Maharaja Hari Singh, the last ruler of the undivided
state of Jammu and Kashmir.
Born on September of 1895, to the royal Dogra family
of Jammu, Maharaja Hari Singh was born to Raja
Amar Singh in Amar Mahal. He succeeded his uncle
Maharaja Pratap Singh to the throne of Jammu and
Kashmir in 1925. The young prince was educated at
Mayo College, Ajmer and was trained at the imperial
cadet corps, Dehradun. The newly ascended king
married Maharani Tara Devi in 1928.

RECREATION: Maharaja Hari Singh was a keen polo


player. His greatest interest was in horses racing in
Bombay where his horses won many important
races. He set up an excellent study farm in Nagmani,
near Jammu which produces many champion
horses. Maharaja Hari Singh was a connoisseur of
Indian classical music. Some of the best artists
would perform at his party, and during his durbars
Kesarbai Kerkar and Siddh Eswar Bai used to sing
on alternate years. Malika Pukhraj was the court
singer for many years.
WORLD WAR -II
Maharaja Hari Singh was honorary Lt. General of the
British Indian army during the World War II. He was
a member of the imperial war cabinet of prime
minister Churchill during World War II. During the
war, he visited the middle east where he joined his
units who were fighting against the Axis Powers.
Showing his solidarity with his forces in the
battlefield earned him great respect not only of his,
men but also of the Allied powers, particularly the
British army.
‘’Although I am born Hindu, as a ruler I possess no
religion; justice will be my religion. Maharaja Hari
Singh’’- On his coronation.
As Indians and loyal to the land whence they derived
their birth and infant nurture, the prince stands
solidly as the rest of their countrymen of India’s
enjoyment of a position of honour and equality in the
British Commonwealth of Nations. Maharaja Hari
Singh- at the first-round stable conference.
At the outbreak of WW II, in spite of his differences
with the British, Maharaja Hari Singh pledged his
personal and the state’s unflinching support to them
and their war efforts. he also appealed every Indian
to support England in this hour of emergency and
wait until place time for the settlement of political
differences. He acceded his princely state to the
Indian union on 26 october,1947 and took the role of
constitutional rule. He handed over most of the
executive powers to Sheikh Abdullah. On 20
June,1949, he appointed Yuvraj Karan Singh as a
regent and retired to Bombay. At the time of this
departure, he did not claim any of the royal wealth
and left the entire corpus of antiquities, jewellery,
shawls, carpets and regalian worth crores with the
Tosh Akana, the state treasury. He breathed his last
on 26 April 1961. Mr. Ganesh Kumar guides the whole
gallery to visitors.
6. LADAKH GALLERY
A sculpture of the Buddha reminds us of the
provinces of the Ladakh – photographs and
other pieces of art related to the region are also
on display. Mr. Ganesh Kumar guides the whole
gallery to tourists.
The floor tiles were specially exported from
LONDON.
7. THRONE ROOM
The golden throne that is 120 kg by weight is
preserved on the back side in a hexagonal chamber
and locked for security reasons. visitors can only
peep in through the glass panes and the back side
view is very amazing surrounding the palace by hills
and flowing river TAWI. The throne has eight lion and
four guards (Siphahis) guarding the king. A
Suryavanshi symbol is located right behind the
throne. Mr. Ganesh Kumar guides the whole gallery
to tourists. Maharaja Hari Singh was the last ruler to
sat on that throne.
8. MINIATURE ART GALLERY
Ever since the dawn of the civilization India has
been a major focus of artistic creativity and through
the ages has produced some of the greatest works
of art known to humanity, The paintings displayed
here were created in the second half of the 18th
century in the Dogra-Pahar region of north India-
Jammu and Himachal Pradesh. Apart from their
martial qualities and rich folklore several schools of
Pahari Art have been a major contribution of the
Dogra-Pahari people to the grand mosaic of Indian
culture, specially the Kangra school to which these
paintings belong. They combine the beauty and
freshness of the mountains with the rare delicacy
and grace of the people living in that area. The
present set of paintings are remarkable examples of
the way in which a theme from a great religious
classic, the Mahabharata as treated in Sriharsha’s
Naisadhacarita, has been represented.
Nala and Damyanti in these paintings emerge as
archetypal lovers in a story full of romance and
intrigue, mystery and magic. Here we see not only
the lovers themselves but a large number of
individuals portrayed with great feeling, and one
wonders whether the artists took for their model’s
actual people living in the time in the courts of the
many hill kingdoms. There are also a number of
other creatures -elephants and peacocks, deer and
domesticated birds -portrayed with an intensity
which is quite startling. The whole effect is to
transport one into a fascinating miniature world
with its own aura and ethos.
The practice of the Pahari artists was to retain a
series of master sketches in the family. These were
mostly done in sanguine (a deep red ochre colour)
and were not meant to be worked upon themselves,
and only served as a model for subsequent pictures
to be produced either by the same artist or by other
members of his family
The sanguine drawings were really preliminary
drawings which were produced in consultation or
collaboration with a senior artist and a Pandith who
would interpret the verses upon which the drawings
were based. This work emerges undoubtedly from
the family-atelier of Nain Sukh. MR. Devendra
Kumar guides the whole gallery for visitors, each
and every detail about painting is articulated by Him.
In miniature art gallery there are total 47
miniature paintings and 9 big portraits and these
miniature paintings are 250 years old. the
miniature art gallery was a DARBAR of Maharaja
Hari Singh until it was converted into a museum.
9. INDRA DUGAR GALLERY
Indra Dugar born on 9th august, 1918 at Jiaganj
(near calcutta), late INDRA DUGAR belong to a
family where Indian Art has been held in high
esteem. His father, the late HIRACHAND DUGAR,
was himeslf a grat artists and was among the
first batch of students in Kala Bhawan of
Rabindernath's Viswa Bharati in Shantiniketan.
INDRA DUGAR did not attend any Art Institution,
but was more than compensated by the training
he had under his great father who schooled him
along the difficult path of learning to paint.

DUGAR used almost all media of painting with


equal skill, but his most favorite medium was
water colour. He continued to be one of the
greatest Landscape painters of INDIA.

In 1946, under the aegis of the UNESCO, at Paris,


his paintings ordained the International Modern
Art Exhibition. In 1964, an exhibition of his
paintings toured parts of West Germany. The
1960 Delhi exhibition was inaugurated by H.E.
The President of Bharat (India), Dr. S.
Radhakrishanan and was specially visited by
the then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.

He also donated a series of Thirty -Two


paintings on Kashmir to Dr. Karan Singh in 1987,
which are permanent exhibits at Amar Mahal
Museum, Jammu.
In 1984, he received the Academy Award for the
Year 1981-82 from the West Bengal Academy of
Dance, Drama, Music and Fine Art for his
outstanding contributions in the field of
painting.

This Gallery is funnelled by Mr. Rajkumar


Slathia.
10. CONTEMPORARY ART GALLERY
the contemporary art gallery includes series of
modern art paintings. Contemporary art galleries
play a crucial role in the art ecosystem by
showcasing emerging and established artists,
facilitating critical discourse, and connecting artists
with collectors, curators, and the public.
Some of the famous artists of contemporary ART
GALLERY
1. INDRA DURG
2. G.R SANTOSH
3. SURPAL
4. SARBJEET SINGH
5. N.S SUBHA KRISHNA
6. SUMAN GUPTA
7. MOHD. YASIN
8. M.F HUSSAIN
9. SOLANKI
10. SOHAN BILLAWAR
11. D.D CHANDRA
This Gallery is funnelled by Mr. Rajkumar Salathia.
S. SOBHA SINGH
S. Sobha Singh's paintings are renowned for their
realistic portrayal of Sikh gurus, historical figures,
and Punjabi folklore. His work is characterized by
meticulous attention to detail, a blend of traditional
Indian art forms, and Western techniques,
particularly in the use of light and shadow. Below
are some key paintings and themes that Sobha
Singh is celebrated for:
Notable Paintings
Guru Nanak Dev Ji:
Description: One of the most iconic paintings of the
founder of Sikhism, depicted with a serene and wise
expression.
Significance: This painting is revered in Sikh
households and is widely circulated in various
forms.
Guru Gobind Singh Ji:
Description: Portrayed as a warrior saint, with an
aura of valour and spiritual strength.
Significance: This painting captures the dual
aspects of Guru Gobind Singh Ji as both a spiritual
leader and a warrior.
Sohni Mahiwal:
Description: A romantic painting depicting the
tragic love story of Sohni and Mahiwal, characters
from Punjabi folklore.
Significance: It is celebrated for its emotional depth
and beautiful depiction of love and tragedy.
Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji:
Description: The ninth Sikh Guru, depicted with a
calm and dignified demeanour.
Significance: This painting is admired for its spiritual
intensity and historical importance.
Maharaja Ranjit Singh:
Description: A regal portrayal of the first Maharaja
of the Sikh Empire, known for his bravery and
leadership.
Significance: This work is valued for its historical
accuracy and artistic excellence.
Kangra Valley Landscapes:
Description: Paintings capturing the scenic beauty
of the Kangra Valley, where Sobha Singh lived and
worked.
Significance: These landscapes reflect his
connection to nature and the serene environment of
Andretta, Himachal Pradesh.
Sobha Singh’s Work
Sobha Singh Art Gallery:
Location: Andretta, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Description: The gallery houses many of his original
works and provides a comprehensive view of his
artistic journey.
Art Platforms: Websites and digital archives
showcase his work, allowing a wider audience to
appreciate his contributions.
Impact and Legacy
Sobha Singh's paintings continue to inspire and hold
a special place in the cultural and artistic heritage
of Punjab and India. His realistic style, combined
with his spiritual and historical themes, has left an
indelible mark on Indian art.
M.F HUSSAIN
Maqbool Fida Husain, widely known as M.F. Husain
(1915-2011), was one of India's most celebrated and
controversial artists. Often referred to as the
"Picasso of India," Husain's work spanned multiple
genres and styles, reflecting a deep engagement
with Indian culture, history, and mythology. His
unique artistic vision and prolific output made him a
central figure in modern Indian art.
Major Works:
Bharat Mata: A controversial painting
depicting India as a nude woman.
Mother Teresa Series: Paintings capturing the
essence of Mother Teresa’s mission and
compassion.
Horses: Numerous paintings showcasing his
dynamic and expressive portrayal of horses.
*Objectives*
Museums typically have four primary objectives:

1. **Preservation and Conservation**: Museums


aim to preserve and conserve artifacts,
artworks, and other culturally significant items
for future generations. This involves maintaining
the physical condition of items through proper
care, restoration, and climate control.

2. **Education and Research**: Museums serve


as educational institutions that provide learning
opportunities for visitors of all ages. They
conduct research, offer educational programs,
and present exhibitions that inform and engage
the public about history, art, science, and
culture.
3. **Exhibition and Display**: Museums organize
and curate exhibitions to display their
collections. These exhibitions are designed to
attract and educate visitors, providing context
and interpretation to enhance the
understanding and appreciation of the items on
display.

4. **Cultural and Community Engagement**:


Museums play a crucial role in fostering
cultural awareness and community
engagement. They host events, workshops, and
programs that encourage community
involvement, celebrate cultural diversity, and
provide a space for dialogue and interaction
among visitors.
*CONCLUSION*
Amar Mahal Museum is a perfect destination to
learn, enjoy and it build a connection towards
our roots, the contribution of kings in every field
made their significance highlighted. The place is
opened from Tuesday to Sunday only Monday is
off for tourists and the employees. The palace is
mostly crowed with tourists on Saturday’s a and
Sunday’s. Approximately around 51000 tourists
visit the palace in a week or sometime more
than that. The rooms are perfectly ventilated
with beautiful structures.
If anyone is thinking about visiting Jammu do
keep the palace into your bucket list the
architecture will make you money worth for the
trip.
The employees are very kind and gentle
towards tourists and explains each and every
element of each gallery. Every gallery is guided
by a particular guide and he provides every
information about the gallery.
Keep on thing in mind that is everyone is under
the CCTV surveillance so don’t touch any object
as one might damages the preserved object,
one must also keep in mind to maintain
discipline as palace is surrounded by CRPF.
Some glimpses of the palace are: -
*REFRENCES*
. The forgotten prince & his times;
(1861-1899); Raja Ram Singh: Mohinder
Singh.

. An examined life (2019): DR. Karan


Singh.

. Autobiography (1989): DR. Karan Singh.


. One man’s world (1986) DR. Karan
Singh.

. Shiva lord of the cosmic dance (2022):


DR. Karan Singh.

. I Believe: a philosophy for the global


society (2006): DR. Karan Singh.
. Jammu and Kashmir (1949-1964): DR.
Karan Singh.

. Kashmir and beyond (1966-1984): DR.


Karan Singh.

. A Modern History of Jammu and


Kashmir; The troubled years of maharaja
Hari Singh (1925-1949): Harbans Singh,
foreword by DR. Karan Singh.

. A Modern History of Jammu and


Kashmir; The Karan Singh years (1949-
1967): Harbans Singh, foreword by DR.
Karan Singh.

. History Of the Panjab Hill States Vol. 1


(1933): Vogel, J. Ph.
. Historiography on Jammu (1997): Sukh
dev Singh charka
. A short history of Jammu raj from
earliest times to 1846 AD: Sukhdev Singh
charka
. The Rich Heritage of Jammu & Kashmir;
studies in Art, Architecture, History, and
Culture of the region (1998): prof.
Somnath Wakhul Somnath Wakhlu
forwarded by DR. Karan Singh
. Nala and Damayanti – A Great Series of
An Old Indian Romance (2015): Prof. B. N.
Goswamy published by Niyogi nooks in
collaboration with Amar Mahal Museums
and Library
. Britannica:
https://www.britannica.com
. Jstor:
https://www.jstore.org
. ChatGPT:
https://openai.com

Other references are taken from Amar


Palace Museum Library through the
interview method.

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