DNV-RP-F105 PIPELINE FREE SPAN ANALYSIS

CLIENT: : PHU QUOC PETROLEUM OPERATING COMPANY

PROJECT: : VIETNAM BLOCK B GAS PROJECT
PIPELINE: : 20-INCH PRODUCTION PIPELINE FROM CVWA TO CPP (KP 0.000 TO KP 0.500)
CASE: : VIV OPERATION (MAX. PRODUCT FILLED)
BY: : WXY
CHECKED BY : NFH
APPROVED BY : HTT
INPUT
PIPELINE DATA
Case Case :=

Safety Class
Safetyclass :=

Span Characteristics type span :=

BoundaryType type :=

Effective Axial Force Manual Input Seff.manual := 0 kN

Boundary Conditions Coefficients bccoeff :=

Pipeline Outside Diameter OD := 508mm

Wall Thickness t := 23.83 mm
Corrosion Allowance ca := 11 mm CAviv := 50% CAULS := 100%
Linepipe Manufacturing Process Manufacturingprcess :=

kg kg
Product density ρ max := 79.38 ρ empty := 0
3 3
m m
Corrosion Coating:
tcc := 3.2 mm
Thickness
kg
Density ρ cc := 920
3
m
Concrete Coating:
CWC :=

tcwc := 40 mm
Thickness
kg
Density ρ cwc := 2400
3
m

page : 1
 DNV-RP-F105 PIPELINE FREE SPAN ANALYSIS
Marine Growth:
tMG := 45mm
Thickness
kg
ρ MG := 1325
Density 3
m

Angle between wave heading and pipeline axis θ rel := 90°

Young's modulus of steel Es := 207GPa

Concrete Strength fcn := 40MPa

Empirical constant kc := 0.25

ν := 0.3
Poisson's ratio
kg
ρ st := 7850
Steel density 3
m

kg
Seawater density ρ sea := 1025
3
m

Pipe Lay Tension Play := 0 kN

Minimum internal pressure Pmin := 0  MPa

Span gap
gap( D) := 1m
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion -6 -1
α thermal := 11.7 10 C

Design and Maximum Operating Temperature: Tdesign := 120C Tmax := 70C

Design and Maximum Operating Pressure Pdesign := 9.14MPa Pmax := 8.3MPa

Hydrotest pressure Phyd := 1.25Pdesign

ENVIRONMENTAL DATA
Hs_1year := 3.1m Hmax_1year := 5.1m
Significant wave height and Maximum Wave Heig ht
Hs_10year := 4.6m Hmax_10year := 6.6m

Hs_100year := 6.4m Hmax_100year := 8.4m

Tp_1year := 7.9 s Tmax_1year := 8.9 s

Associated Peak Period
Tp_10year := 9.1s Tmax_10year := 10.1 s

Tp_100year := 9.7s Tmax_100year := 10.7 s

zr := 24.1m
Depth where current is reported
m
Uzr_1year := 0.28
Extreme bottom current velocity s

m
Uzr_10year := 0.37
s

m
Uzr_100year := 0.53
s

Tamb_min := 22.2C
Ambient Temperature
Tamb_max := 33.2C

Water depth wd := 76.1m

page : 2
 DNV-RP-F105 PIPELINE FREE SPAN ANALYSIS
Surfaceroughness :=
Surface Roughness

PIPE PROPERTIES
Specified Minimum Yield Strength SMYS := 450MPa
Specified Minimum Tensile Strength SMTS := 535MPa

SOIL DATA
SeabedType :=
Soil :=
Seabed Type

Soil Type

Guess Value for Iteration L 1 := 20m L 2 := 20m P1 := 1  MPa L 3 := 27m

Soil Properties
Parameters for VIV calculation: (DNV-RP-F105)
Safety factor on onset value for in-line VIV γon_IL := 1.1 (Table 2-2 of DNV-RP-F105)

Safety factor on onset value for cross-flow VIV γon_CF := 1.2 (Table 2-2 of DNV-RP-F105)

Soil modal damping ratio ζsoil := 0.01 (Section 4.1.9 of DNV-RP-F105)

Hydrodynamic modal damping ratio ζh := 0.0 (Section 4.1.9 of DNV-RP-F105)

In-line screening factor γIL := 1.4 (Table 2-1 of DNV-RP-F105)

Cross flow screening factor γCF := 1.4 (Table 2-1 of DNV-RP-F105)

Correction factor for pipe in trench Ψtrench_onset := 1.0 (Section 4.4.7 of DNV-RP-F105)

Parameters for ULS calculation: (DNV-RP-F105 & DNV-ST-F101)

Material resistance factor γm := 1.15 (Table 5-1 of DNV-ST-F101)

Ovality fo := 3% (Section 5.4.1.2 of DNV-ST-F101)

Functional and Environmental loads γF101 := 1.1 γE101 := 1.3 (Table 4-4 of DNV-ST-F101)

Turbulence Intensity Ic := 0.05

(Section 3.2.12 of DNV-RP-F105)
Safety factor for stress range γs := 1.3
(Table 2-2 of DNV-RP-F105)
Approximate frequency response quantities Freqratio := 2.7 (Table 6-2 of DNV-RP-F105)

page : 3
 DNV-RP-F105 PIPELINE FREE SPAN ANALYSIS
Material Fabrication Factor
α fab = 0.85
Material Strength Factor

αu = 0.96
Safety Class Resistance Factor
γSC = 1.26
Condition Load Effect Factor

γC101 = 1.07
Structural modal damping ratio selection

ζstr = 0.01
Boundary conditions coefficients

C1 = 3.56 C2 = 4 C3 = 0.4
C4 = 8.6 C5 = 0.042 C6 = 0.003
Safety factor on stability parameter

γk = 1.3
Safety factor for natural frequency

γ= 1.15
Product density used in VIV and ULS assessment

kg
ρ prod = 79.38
3
m
Corrosion allowance

tca.viv = 5.5 mm tca.uls = 11 mm

Weight Calculation for VIV Assessment

kN
wsub = 1.469
m
Significant Wave Velocity Calculation for 1-year Return Period

m
Uw_1y = 0.027
s
Significant Wave Velocity Calculation for 10-year Return Period

m
Uw_10y = 0.089
s

Significant Wave Velocity Calculation for 100-year Return Period

m
Uw_100y = 0.161
s

Current Calculation for 1-year Return Period

m
Uc_1y = 0.227
s

Current Calculation for 10-year Return Period

m
Uc_10y = 0.301
s

Current Calculation for 100-year Return Period

m
Uc_100y = 0.431
s

Direct Wave Action

Temperature used for Derating (Operation Case)

Td = 120 C

page : 4
 DNV-RP-F105 PIPELINE FREE SPAN ANALYSIS
0.3
 fcn 
Econc := 10000    MPa
 MPa 
Calculation of concrete stiffness factor
0.75
 Econc  Iconc 
CSF := kc 
 
 Es Is  CSF = 0.141
Calculation of soil stiffness parameters
Overall pipe density wtotal kg
ρ pipe := ρ pipe = 1432.263
(
g  Ai + Ast + Acorr + Acwc + Amg ) m
3

Dynamic, vertical soil stiffness CV  2 ρ pipe 1 


kN
KV := +  D KV = 1141.551
(sec 7.4.10) 1 - νs  3  ρsea 3  2
 m

 2ρ 
Dynamic, horizontal soil stiffness KL := CL  ( 1 + νs)  3ρpipe + 13   D KL = 758.656
kN
2
(sec 7.4.10)  sea  m

Formula for effective length

 4 
 K L span 
( )
β K , L span := log
( 1 + CSF)  Es Is

 

(
L eff K , L span :=) (
βloc  β K , L span )
4.73
 L span if βloc  2.7
2
- 0.066 βloc + 1.02 βloc + 0.63

4.73
 L span otherwise
2
0.036 βloc + 0.61βloc + 1.0
Calculation of fundamental natural frequency
wtotal kg
Total mass mtot := mtot = 526.906
g m
Coefficient of added mass

1.6 gap( D)
Ca := 0.68 + if < 0.8
gap( D) D
1 + 5
D
Ca = 1
1 otherwise

buoy kg
Added mass ma := Ca  ma = 377.08
g m

kg
Effective mass me := mtot + ma me = 903.986 
m

Critical buckling load: Es Is

( ) ( 1 + CSF) C2π2
Pcr K , L s :=
( )2
L eff K , L s

Temperature difference (w.r.t. installation temperature)

ΔT := Tmax - Tamb_min if Case = "Operating"

Tamb_max - Tamb_min if Case = "Hydrotest"

Tamb_max - Tamb_min if Case = "Installation Flooded"

Tamb_max - Tamb_min if Case = "Installation Empty" ΔT = 47.8 C

page : 5
 DNV-RP-F105 PIPELINE FREE SPAN ANALYSIS

ΔP := Pmax - wd  ρ sea g if Case = "Operating"

Phyd - wd  ρ sea g if Case = "Hydrotest"

Pmin - wd  ρ sea g if Case = "Installation Flooded"

Pmin - wd  ρ sea g if Case = "Installation Empty"

ΔP = 7.535 MPa

Effective axial force:

Corrosion not considered for calculation of effective axial force
Seff := Seff.manual if type = "Manual Input"

π 2 π 2 π 2
Play - ΔP   OD - 2  ( t)  ( 1 - 2  ν) -   OD -  OD - 2 ( t)   Es ΔT α thermal if type = "Calculated as Fully Restrained"
4   4 4 
Seff = - 4697.839 kN
Static deflection:

(
wsub L eff Ks , L s )4  1
( )
δst Ks , Kd , L s := C6 
Es Is ( 1 + CSF) Seff
1+
(
Pcr Ks , L s )
Note: the in-line static deflection are normally ignored. For the cross flow static deflection, the distributed
load is from the submerged pipe weight (see section 6.7.2 and 6.7.6)

Fundamental natural frequency for in-line direction:

Es Is  Seff 
( )
f_IL K , L s := C1  1 + CSF  1 +
4  Pcr( K , L s)  ΔT = 47.8 C
me  L eff ( K , L s)  

Fundamental natural frequency for cross-flow direction:

 2
Es Is  Seff  δst( Ks , Kd , L s)  
( )
f_CF Ks , Kd , L s := C1  1 + CSF  1 +
( )
+ C3  



(
me  L eff Kd , L s )4  Pcr Kd , L s D

Onset of in-line VIV

Total modal damping ratio ζT := ζstr + ζsoil + ζh ζT = 0.02

4  π me  ζ T
Stability parameter Ks := Ks = 0.473
2
ρ sea D

Ks
Design stability parameter Ksd := Ksd = 0.364
γk

Reduced velocity on the onset of in-line VIV:

1.0
V_ILR_onset := if Ksd < 0.4
γon_IL

otherwise
2.2
if Ksd  1.6
γon_IL

0.6 + Ksd
otherwise
γon_IL
V_ILR_onset = 0.909

page : 6
 DNV-RP-F105 PIPELINE FREE SPAN ANALYSIS
ALLOWABLE SPAN BASED ON FATIGUE SCREENING CRITERIA
Guess L screening_IL := L 1

Uc_ScreeningIF := Uc_100y if Case = "Operating"

Uc_1y otherwise

ScreeningIL :=
(
f_IL KL , L screening_IL ) - Uc_ScreeningIF 1 - Lscreening_IL   1
γIL V_ILR_onset D  250D   Uc_100y 
max 0.6 ,
 Uw_1y + Uc_100y 
 

 f_IL( KL , L screening_IL ) Uc_ScreeningIF  L screening_IL  1 

L SCREENING_IL := root -  1 -  , L screening_IL
 γIL V_ILR_onset D  250D   Uc_100y  
 max 0.6 , 
 Uw_1y + Uc_100y 
   
 L SCREENING_IL 
floor  100 m
L SCREENING_IL.STATUS :=
 m  if 0 < L SCREENING_IL < 140 D
100
"No Solution" otherwise
L SCREENING_IL.STATUS = 21.1 m
Correction factor for onset cross-flow due to seabed proximity:
1  gap( D)  gap( D)
Ψproxi_onset :=  4 + 1.25  if < 0.8
5  D  D

1 otherwise
Ψproxi_onset = 1
Reduced velocity on the onset of cross-flow VIV:

3  Ψproxi_onset Ψtrench_onset
V_CFR_onset :=
γon_CF V_CFR_onset = 2.5

Guess L screening_CF := L 2

Uc_ScreeningCF := Uw_1y + Uc_100y if Case = "Operating"

Uw_1y + Uc_1y otherwise

ScreeningCF :=
(
f_CF KVS , KV , L screening_CF ) - Uc_ScreeningCF
γCF V_CFR_onset D

 f_CF( KVS , KV , L screening_CF ) Uc_ScreeningCF 

L SCREENING_CF := root - , L screening_CF
 γCF V_CFR_onset D 
 

 L SCREENING_CF 
floor  100 m
L SCREENING_CF.STATUS :=
 m  if 0 < L SCREENING_CF < 140 D
100
"No Solution" otherwise L SCREENING_CF.STATUS = 28.59 m

page : 7
 DNV-RP-F105 PIPELINE FREE SPAN ANALYSIS
ALLOWABLE SPAN BASED ON ONSET CRITERIA
Guess L Onset_IL := L 1

Uc_OnsetIF := (
max Uw_10y + Uc_100y , Uw_100y + Uc_10y ) if Case = "Operating"
max ( Uw_1y + Uc_10y , Uw_10y + Uc_1y ) otherwise

Given

OnsetIL :=
(
f_IL KL , L Onset_IL )- Uc_OnsetIF

γ V_ILR_onset D

 f_IL ( KL , L Onset_IL ) Uc_OnsetIF 

L ONSET_IL := root - , L Onset_IL
 γ V_ILR_onset D 
 

 L ONSET_IL 
floor  100 m
L ONSET_IL.STATUS :=
 m  if 0 < L ONSET_IL < 140 D
100
L ONSET_IL.STATUS = 20.56 m
"No Solution" otherwise

Uc_OnsetCF := (
max Uw_10y + Uc_100y , Uw_100y + Uc_10y ) if Case = "Operating"
max ( Uw_1y + Uc_10y , Uw_10y + Uc_1y ) otherwise

Guess L Onset_CF := L 2

 f_CF( KVS , KV , L Onset_CF) Uc_OnsetCF 

L ONSET_CF := root - , L Onset_CF
 γ 2D 
 

 L ONSET_CF 
floor  100 m
L ONSET_CF.STATUS :=
 m  if 0 < L SCREENING_CF < 140 D
100
"No Solution" otherwise L ONSET_CF.STATUS = 27.91 m

page : 8
 DNV-RP-F105 PIPELINE FREE SPAN ANALYSIS

ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE CHECK

For ULS criterion check, maximum wave height and associated period is considered.

Maximum Wave Velocity Calculation for 1-year Return Period

m
Uwmax_1y = 0.088
s
Maximum Wave Velocity Calculation for 10-year Return Period

m
Uwmax_10y = 0.195
s
Maximum Wave Velocity Calculation for 100-year Return Period

m
Uwmax_100y = 0.307
s

Corroded Wall thic kness t2 := t - tca.uls t2 = 12.83 mm

External Pressure Pe := wd  g  ρ sea Pe = 0.765 MPa

Yield Stress Temperature De-rating, Operating Condition
 Td  Td  Td   Td   
fy_temp := if  < 50 , 0 , if   100 ,  - 50  0.6 ,  - 100  0.4 + 30  MPa
C C C   C   
Tensile Stress Temperature De-rating, Operating Condition

 Td  Td  Td   Td   
fu_temp := if  < 50 , 0 , if   100 ,  - 50 0.6 ,  - 100 0.4 + 30 MPa
C C C   C   
Factor combining load criteria:
OD
βf101 := 0.5 if  15
t2

 OD 

60 -
 t2  OD OD
 90  if > 15  < 60
  t2 t2

0 otherwise βf101 = 0.227

Tensile and yield strength for design: (

fy := SMYS - fy_temp  α u ) fy = 395.52MPa
(F101 eq 5-4
and 5-5) (
fu := SMTS - fu_temp  α u ) fu = 477.12 MPa

f
Flow stress parameter α c := ( 1 - βf101) + βf101 fu αc = 1.047 (F101 eq 5.22)
y

Calculation of burst pressure   fu

fcb := minfy ,  fcb = 395.52 MPa
(F101 eq 5-8  1.15 
and 5-9)
2 t 2
p b ( t) :=  fcb 
( OD - t) 3
Pressure factor in combined loading criteria
ΔP - Pe 2
α p := 1 - βf101 if 
p b t2 () 3 (F101 eq 5.23)
 ΔP - Pe 
1 - 3  βf101 1 -  otherwise 0.773

 ()
p b t2 

αp =

page : 9
 DNV-RP-F105 PIPELINE FREE SPAN ANALYSIS
Plastic capacity of pipe 2
Mp ( t) := fy ( OD - t)  t
(F101 eq 5.20 and 5.21)
Sp ( t) := fy π ( OD - t)  t

Calculation of drag Force using Morisson Equation

krough -4
CD0 := 0.65 if < 10
D
(F105 sec 5.4.4)
krough -2
1.05 if > 10
D

 29 4  krough 
0.65 +  log  otherwise
 13 13  D  CD0 = 1.023

Uw_design := (
if Uwmax_10y + Uc_100y > Uwmax_100y + Uc_10y , Uwmax_10y , Uwmax_100y ) if Case = "Operating"
if ( Uwmax_1y + Uc_10y > Uwmax_10y + Uc_1y , Uwmax_1y , Uwmax_10y ) otherwise

Uc_design := (
if Uw_10y + Uc_100y > Uw_100y + Uc_10y , Uc_100y , Uc_10y ) if Case = "Operating"
if ( Uw_1y + Uc_10y > Uw_10y + Uc_1y , Uc_10y , Uc_1y ) otherwise

Keulegan-Carpenter Number:
KC :=
( Uw_design) Tp_1year KC = 2.252
D

Current Flow Velocity Number: Uc_design

Z :=
Uw_design + Uc_design Z= 0.688

Correction factor due to Keulegan-Carpenter number and Flow Velocity number:

ΨKC := if KC  40
Z
0.85 + 0.15 - if Z  0.5 (F105 sec 5.4.5)
2
0.75 if Z > 0.5
if KC > 5  KC < 40
6 Z
0.85 + - if Z  0.5
KC 2
6
0.6 + if Z > 0.5
KC

otherwise
KC Z
1+  1.05 -  if Z  0.5
5  2
4 KC
1+ if Z > 0.5
25 ΨKC = 1.36
Correction factor due to seabed proximity:

0.5 gap( D) (F105 sec 5.4.6)

Ψproxi := 0.9 + if < 0.8
 gap( D)  D
1 + 5  
 D 
Ψproxi = 1
1 otherwise

Correction factor due to trench effect: Ψtrench := 1.0

(F105 sec 5.4.7)
Correction factor due to cross-flow VIV
(no VIV occurs hence correction factor =1) ΨVIV := 1.0 (F105 sec 5.4.8)

page : 10
 DNV-RP-F105 PIPELINE FREE SPAN ANALYSIS

Coefficient of drag: (F105 sec 5.4.3)

CD := CD0  ΨKC Ψproxi Ψtrench ΨVIV CD = 1.391

0.5 ρseaD CD( Uw_design + Uc_design)

2 kg
Fd := Fd = 191.008
2
s

Weight Calculation for ULS Assessment

kN
wsub2 = 0.841
m

Static Bending Moment

Note: vertical static bending moment uses self-weight, while the horizontal static bending moment uses
drag force from Morisson's Equation.

2 (F105 Sec 6.8.5)

wsub2 L s
(
Meff_vert Kd , L s := C5  )  Seff 
1+
 Pcr( Kd , L s) 
 

2
Fd  L s
(
Meff_hor Kd , L s := C5  )  Seff 
1+
 Pcr( Kd , L s) 
 

(
Meff Kv , Kl , L s := ) (
Meff_vert Kv , L s ) 2 + Meff_hor( Kl , Ls) 2

Environmental Bending Moment

The reduction factor due to effect of damping

Section 4.4.11

Rk := ( 1 - 0.15Ksd) if Ksd  4

 - 1.5
3.2 Ksd  if Ksd > 4
Rk = 0.945

Reduced Velocity
Section 4.1.5
Uc_design + Uw_design
(
Vr_IL KL , L s := ) (
f_IL KL , L s  D )
Uc_design + Uw_design
(
Vr_CF Ks , Kd , L s := ) (
f_CF Ks , Kd , L s  D )

page : 11
 DNV-RP-F105 PIPELINE FREE SPAN ANALYSIS
In - Line VIV response amplitude
Section 4.6.4 & 4.6.5
 2 π  
( )
AYoverD KL , L s := RIθ.1  a  min1 , 1 - π 
 2
- 2  θrel 

( )
Ic - 0.03 

(
max a , 0 )
 Ic -0.03 
RIθ.2  a  min1 , 1 - 
 0.17 
(
max a , 0 )
 Ksd 
Ay2overD  0.131 -  R
 1.8  Iθ.2
  Ksd  
Ay1overD  max 0.18 1 -  RIθ.1 , Ay2overD
  1.2  
VR.1.IL  10 Ay1overD + V_ILR_onset
VR.end.IL  4.5 - 0.8 Ksd if Ksd < 1.0

3.7 otherwise

Vr.2.IL  VR.end.IL - 2 Ay2overD

Ay1overD - 0
slope1 
VR.1.IL - V_ILR_onset

Ay2overD - Ay1overD
slope2 
Vr.2.IL - VR.1.IL

0 - Ay2overD
slope3 
VR.end.IL - Vr.2.IL

0 ( )
if Vr_IL KL , L s < V_ILR_onset

otherwise
0 + ( Vr_IL( KL , L s) - V_ILR_onset)  slope1 ( )
if Vr_IL KL , L s < VR.1.IL

otherwise
( ( ) )
Ay1overD + Vr_IL KL , L s - VR.1.IL  slope2 if Vr_IL KL , L s < Vr.2.IL ( )
otherwise

( ( ) )
Ay2overD + Vr_IL KL , L s - Vr.2.IL  slope3 if Vr_IL KL , L s < VR.end.IL ( )
0 otherwise

Reduction function for reduced in-line VIV

Section 4.6.7
ψα_IL := 0 if Z < 0.5
Z- 0.5
if 0.5  Z < 0.8
0.3
ψα_IL = 0.627
1.0 otherwise

The maximum stress amplitude is estimated as

D ( OD)  Es
( )
AIL_CF K , L s := C4  ( 1 + CSF) 
( Leff ( K, Ls) ) 2

page : 12
 DNV-RP-F105 PIPELINE FREE SPAN ANALYSIS

The in-line VIV induced stress range SIL is calculated by response model Section 4.6.6

( )
SIL KL , L s := 2 AIL_CF ( KL , L s)  AYoverD( KL , L s)  ψα_IL  γs

Cross Flow VIV Amplitude Section 4.4.3

( )
AZoverD Ks , Kd , L s := fr  Freqratio

Az1overD  if Z > 0.8

0.9 if fr < 1.5
0.9 + 0.5 ( fr - 1.5) if 1.5  fr  fr  2.3
1.3 otherwise

otherwise
0.9 if KC > 30
0.7 + 0.01 ( KC - 10) if 10  KC  KC  30
0.7 otherwise

Az2overD  Az1overD

VR.1.CF  7-
( 7 - V_CFR_onset) ( 1.3 - Az1overD)
1.15
VR.end.CF  16
7
VR.2.CF  VR.end.CF -  Az1overD
1.3
0.15 - 0
slope1 
V_CFR_onset - 2
Az1overD - 0.15
slope2 
VR.1.CF - V_CFR_onset

Az2overD - Az1overD
slope3 
VR.2.CF - VR.1.CF

0 - Az2overD
slope4 
VR.end.CF - VR.2.CF

0 (
if Vr_CF Ks , Kd , L s < ) 2

otherwise
0+ ( Vr_CF( Ks , Kd , Ls) - 2) slope1 ( )
if Vr_CF Ks , Kd , L s < V_CFR_onset

otherwise
0.15 + ( Vr_CF( Ks , Kd , L s) - V_CFR_onset)  slope2 ( )
if Vr_CF Ks , Kd , L s < VR.1.CF

otherwise
( ( ) )
Az1overD + Vr_CF Ks , Kd , L s - VR.1.CF  slope3 if Vr_CF Ks , Kd , L s < VR.2.CF ( )
otherwise
( ( ) ) (
Az2overD + Vr_CF Ks , Kd , L s - VR.2.CF  slope4 if Vr_CF Ks , Kd , L s < VR.end.CF )
0 otherwise

page : 13
 DNV-RP-F105 PIPELINE FREE SPAN ANALYSIS
The cross flow VIV induced stress range due to combined current and wave flow using the Section 4.4.10
following response model

(
SCF Ks , Kd , L s := ) 2  AIL_CF ( Kd , L s) AZoverD ( Ks , Kd , L s)  Rk γs

The maximum environmental stress σE is taken as Section 2.6.6

(
σ E_CF Ks , Kd , L s := ) 0.5 SCF( Ks , Kd , L s)

 AIL_CF ( KL , L s) 
(
σ E_IL Ks , Kd , L s := ) 0.5 max SIL( KL , L s) , 0.4 SCF( Ks , Kd , L s) 


AIL_CF ( KV , L s) 
 
Section 2.6.5
The environmental bending moment due to in-line and cross-flow

2  Is
( )
ME_IL Ks , Kd , L s := σ E_IL Ks , Kd , L s  ( ) OD - t
2  Is
( )
ME_CF Ks , Kd , L s := σ E_CF Ks , Kd , L s  ( ) OD - t
Check for Internal Overpressure

First condition

( )
MSDIL L s := ( Meff_hor( KL , Ls) γE101 + ME_IL( KVS , KV , Ls) γE101) 2 + ( Meff_vert( KV, Ls) γF101γC101) 2
SSD := Seff  γF101 γC101

Guess value:
L IO.IL := L 3

  2  
  2 2 
 
L IO_IL := root 1 - γm γSC
MSDIL L IO.IL( )  γm γSC SSD  
+
 ΔP - Pe  
+ α p , L IO.IL

 
  α c Mp t2 ()  α c Sp ( t2 )  
 
 α c p b ( t2)  
 


L IO_IL = 19.119 m
Second condition

( )
MSDCF L s := ( Meff_hor( KL , Ls) γE101) 2 + ( Meff_vert( KV , Ls) γF101γC101 + ME_CF( KVS , KV, Ls) γE101) 2
Guess value:
L IO.CF := L 3

  2  
  2 2 
 
L IO_CF := root 1 - γm γSC
MSDCF L IO.CF ( )  γm γSC SSD  
+
 ΔP - Pe  
+ α p , L IO.CF

 
  α c Mp t2 ()  α c Sp ( t2 )  
 
 α c p b ( t2)  
 


L IO_IL = 19.119 m

page : 14
 DNV-RP-F105 PIPELINE FREE SPAN ANALYSIS
Check for external overpressure

Calculate characteristic collapse pressure (F101 equation 5.12)

3
 t 
2  Es  
p el( t) :=
 OD 
2
1-ν

2 t
p p ( t) := fy α fab 
OD

Guess value
zz := P1


( ( ))  2
( ) 2 - zzpel( t2) pp( t2) fo 
OD
p c := root zz - p el t2  zz - p p t2 , zz
  t 

pc = 5.596MPa

First condition

2
 2

EOIL( L s) := γm γSC
( )
MSDIL L s
+
 γm γSC SSD   
+ γm γSC
Pe - Pmin 

2

α c Mp ( t2 )  α c Sp ( t2 )    pc 
    

Guess value:
L EO.IL := L 3

  2  
  2 2 
 
L EO_IL := root 1 - γm γSC
(
MSDIL L EO.IL )  γmγSCSSD  
+

+ γm γSC
Pe - Pmin 
  ,L 
 
  α c Mp t2 ()  α c Sp ( t2)  
 

 pc   EO.IL
  L EO_IL = 19.514 m

Second condition
Guess value:
L EO.CF := L 3

  2  
  2 2 
 
L EO_CF := root 1 - γm γSC
MSDCF L EO.CF( )  γm γSC SSD  
+

+ γm γSC
Pe - Pmin 
  ,L 
 
  α c Mp t2()  α c Sp ( t2)  
 

 pc   EO.CF
  L EO_CF = 19.514 m

Allowable free span length based on local buckling check of DNV-ST-F101

Select appropriate length based on whether the flowline experiences internal or external overpressure
L ULS := ( ) if
min L IO_IL , L IO_IL ΔP - Pe > 0
min( L EO_IL , L EO_CF ) otherwise
L ULS = 19.119 m
Criteria := "Internal Overpressure" if ΔP - Pe > 0

"External Overpressure" otherwise Criteria = "Internal Overpressure"

OD
ULSEO_check := "Not OK" if Criteria = "External Overpressure"  > 45
t
ULSEO_check = "OK"
"OK" otherwise

page : 15
 DNV-RP-F105 PIPELINE FREE SPAN ANALYSIS

IN-LINE ONSET ALLOWABLE SPAN LENGTH

L ONSET_IL.STATUS = 20.6 m

CROSS FLOW ONSET ALLOWABLE SPAN LENGTH

L ONSET_CF.STATUS = 27.9 m
If "No Solution" is displayed, the forcing environmental frequency is not high enough to match the structural frequency of
the pipeline within the Euler limit.

IN-LINE SCREENING ALLOWABLE SPAN LENGTH

L SCREENING_IL.STATUS = 21.1 m

CROSS FLOW SCREENING ALLOWABLE SPAN LENGTH

L SCREENING_CF.STATUS = 28.6 m
If "No Solution" is displayed, the forcing environmental frequency is not high enough to match the structural frequency of
the pipeline within the Euler limit.

ULS ALLOWABLE SPAN LENGTH

L ULS = 19.1 m

If span length exceeds 140 OD, the results is outside validity limits of DNV-RP-F105
If "No Solution" is displayed, the calculation is influenced by the Euler Limit as the effective axial force to critical buckling
load ratio is less than -0.5. Hence, the results is outside validity limits of DNV-RP-F105.

POTENTIAL FOR DIRECT WAVE ACTION

Direct_WaveFatigue = "NOT REQUIRED"

Note: For wave dominated flow conditions, full fatigue calculation shall be performed even if onset or screening criteria are
satisfied.

page : 16