Java Basic for Tester
Java OOP (I)
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Agenda
Java Class and Objects
Java Methods
Java Constructor
Java Strings
Java Access Modifiers
Java this keyword
Java final keyword
Java Recursion
Java instanceof Operator
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Java Class and Objects
Java is an object-oriented programming language. It is based on the
concept of objects.
These objects share two characteristics:
state (fields)
behavior (methods)
Bicycle is an object
States: current gear, two wheels, number of gear, etc
Behavior: braking, accelerating, changing gears, etc
Before you create objects in Java, you need to define a class. A class is a
blueprint for the object.
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Java Class and Objects
Here's how we can define a class in Java:
class ClassName {
// variables
// methods
}
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Java Class and Objects
Java Objects: An object is called an instance of a class.
className object = new className();
Here, we are using the constructor className() to create the object.
Constructors have the same name as the class and are similar to methods.
// l1 object
Lamp l1 = new Lamp(); // access method turnOn()
// l2 object l1.turnOn();
Lamp l2 = new Lamp();
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Java Class and Objects
Java Objects: An object is called an instance of a class.
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Java Class and Objects
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Java Methods
In object-oriented programming, the method is a jargon used for function.
Methods are bound to a class and they define the behavior of a class.
Types of Java
methods
Standard Library User-defined
Methods Methods
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Java Methods
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Java Methods
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Java Constructors
In Java, every class has its constructor that is invoked automatically when
an object of the class is created. A constructor is similar to a method but in
actual, it is not a method.
class Test {
Test() {
// constructor body
}
}
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Java Constructors
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Java Constructors
Types of
Constructor
No-Arg Default Parameterized
Constructor Constructor Constructor
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Java Constructors
No-Arg Constructor
A Java constructor may or may not have any parameters (arguments). If a
constructor does not accept any parameters, it is known as a no-arg
constructor.
private Constructor() {
// body of constructor
}
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Java Constructors
No-Arg Constructor
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Java Constructors
Default Constructor
If you do not create any constructors, the Java compiler will automatically
create a no-argument constructor during run-time. This constructor is
known as the default constructor. The default constructor initializes any
uninitialized instance variables with default values.
Type Default Value
boolean False
byte 0
Int 0
double 0.0d
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Java Constructors
Default Constructor
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Java Constructors
Parameterized Constructor
Similar to methods, we can pass parameters to a constructor. Such
constructors are known as a parameterized constructor.
private Constructor (arg1, arg2, ..., argn) {
// constructor body
}
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Java Constructors
Parameterized Constructor
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Java Strings
In Java, a string is a sequence of characters. For example, "hello" is a string
containing a sequence of characters 'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', and 'o'.
Unlike other programming languages, strings in Java are not primitive types
(like int, char, etc). Instead, all strings are objects of a predefined class
named String.
// create a string
String type = "java programming";
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Java Strings
Java String provides various methods that allow us to perform different string
operations. Here are some of the commonly used string methods.
Methods Description
concat() joins the two strings together
equals() compares the value of two strings
charAt() returns the character present in the specified location
getBytes() converts the string to an array of bytes
indexOf() returns the position of the specified character in the string
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Java Strings
Java String provides various methods that allow us to perform different string
operations. Here are some of the commonly used string methods.
Methods Description
length() returns the size of the specified string
replace() replaces the specified old character with the specified new character
substring() returns the substring of the string
split() breaks the string into an array of strings
toLowerCase() converts the string to lowercase
toUpperCase() converts the string to uppercase
valueOf() returns the string representation of the specified data
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Java Strings
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Java Strings
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Java Strings
Strings in Java are represented by double-quotes.
// create a string
String example = "This is a string";
Now if we want to include double-quotes in our string
// include double quote
String example = "This is the "String" class";
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Java Strings
To solve this issue, the escape character \ is used in Java. Now we can
include double-quotes in the string as:
// use the escape character
String example = "This is the \"String\" class.";
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Java Access Modifiers
In Java, access modifiers are used to set the accessibility (visibility) of
classes, interfaces, variables, methods, constructors, data members, and
the setter methods.
class Animal {
public void method1() {...}
private void method2() {...}
}
method1 is public - This means it can be accessed by other classes.
method2 is private - This means it can not be accessed by other
classes.
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Java Access Modifiers
Access
Modifier
Default Private Protected Public
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Java Access Modifiers
Default Access Modifier
If we do not explicitly specify any access modifier for classes, methods,
variables, etc, then by default the default access modifier is considered.
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Java Access Modifiers
Private Access Modifier
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Java Access Modifiers
Protected Access Modifier
When methods and data members are declared protected, we can access
them within the same package as well as from subclasses.
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Java Access Modifiers
Public Access Modifier
When methods, variables, classes, and
so on are declared public, then we can
access them from anywhere. The public
access modifier has no scope restriction.
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Java Access Modifiers
Access modifiers are mainly used for encapsulation. I can help us to
control what part of a program can access the members of a class. So that
misuse of data can be prevented.
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Java this Keyword
In Java, this keyword is used to refer to the current object inside a method
or a constructor.
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Java final keyword
In Java, the final keyword is used to denote constants.
Variables
Classes
Methods
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Java final keyword
Java final Variable
In Java, we cannot change the value of a final variable.
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Java final keyword
Java final Method
In Java, the final method cannot be overridden by the child class.
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Java final keyword
Java final Class
In Java, the final class cannot be inherited by another class.
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Java Recursion
In Java, a method that calls itself is known as a recursive method. And, this
process is known as recursion.
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Java Recursion
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Java instanceof
In Java, the instanceof keyword is a binary operator. It is used to check
whether an object is an instance of a particular class or not.
The syntax of the instanceof is:
result = objectName instanceof className;
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Java instanceof
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Thank you
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