UNIT-III:

SOFTWARE:
 Software and its needs,
 Types of Software:
 System Software:
 Operating System,
 Utility Programs
 Programming Language - types
 Machine Language,
 Assembly Language,
 High Level Language their advantages & disadvantages.
 Application S/W and its types:
Word Processing, Spread Sheets, Presentation, Graphics, DBMS s/w.

List of Important Questions:

1. Programming languages its types 2021,2022

2. Differences between assemblers, compilers and interpreters. 2019
3. Discuss in detail about system software2021
4. Explain operating system. What are its types  2019
5. Discuss in detail about Utility programs 2019,2021
6. Write about Application software and its types 2019,2021,2022

Software and its needs:

 In a computer system, the software is basically a set of instructions or commands
that tells a computer what to do.

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 In other words, the software is a computer program that provides a set of
instructions to execute a user’s commands and tell the computer what to do.

Here are some examples of how software is used to meet the needs of different users
and organizations:

1. Individuals: Individuals use software for a variety of purposes, such as word

processing, web browsing, email, and playing games.
2. Businesses: Businesses use software to manage their operations, such as inventory
management, customer relationship management (CRM), and enterprise resource
planning (ERP).
3. Organizations: Organizations, such as governments and schools, use software to
provide services to their constituents, such as online tax filing and student
registration.

Types of Software:
 Software is a set of instructions or programs that tells a computer what to do. It is essential
for the operation of all modern computers and devices.
 There are many different types of software, but they can be broadly classified into two main
categories:

1. System software
2. Application software
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 1. System software controls the basic functions of the computer system, such as
managing the hardware, running applications, and providing a user interface. Examples
of system software include:

a) Operating systems: Operating systems are the most important type of system
software. They manage the computer's hardware resources, such as the CPU,
memory, and storage, and provide a platform for applications to run on.
Popular operating systems include Windows, macOS, and Linux.
b) Device drivers: Device drivers are software programs that allow the operating
system to communicate with hardware devices, such as printers, scanners, and
network cards.
c) Firmware: Firmware is a type of software that is embedded in hardware devices. It is
responsible for controlling the basic functions of the device. For example, the
firmware in a printer is responsible for controlling the printing process.

2. Application software performs specific tasks for users, such as word processing, web
browsing, and playing games. Examples of application software include:
 Productivity software (e.g., word processors, spreadsheet software, presentation
software)
 Creative software (e.g., photo editing software, video editing software, music
production software)
 Entertainment software (e.g., video games, streaming video services, music streaming
services)

Explain about System Software:

System software is a type of software that controls the basic functions of a computer system.
It is responsible for managing the hardware, running applications, and providing a user interface.
Three types of system software are:

1. Operating system

 The operating system is the most important piece of system software.

 It is responsible for managing the computer's hardware and providing a platform for
applications to run on.
 Examples of operating systems include Windows, macOS, Linux, and Android.

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2. Utility programs

Utility programs are small programs that perform specific tasks, such as cleaning up junk files,
optimizing system performance, and backing up data.

Examples of utilities include antivirus software, disk defragmenters, and backup software.

Utility programs can be very helpful for keeping your computer running smoothly and efficiently.
They can also be used to recover from problems, such as a virus infection or hard drive failure.

3. Language translators:

Language translators are software programs that translate code written in one programming
language to another programming language.

This is useful for software developers who need to port their code to a different platform or for
students who are learning a new programming language.

Examples of language translators include

 compilers,
 interpreters
 assemblers.

Explain about utility programs:

Utility programs are small software programs that perform specific tasks related to computer
maintenance, management, and optimization. They can be used to clean up junk files, optimize
system performance, back up data, and more.

Utility programs are an essential part of any computer system. They can help to keep your
computer running smoothly and efficiently, and they can also be used to recover from problems,
such as a virus infection or hard drive failure.

Here are some examples of common utility programs:

1. Antivirus software: Antivirus software protects your computer from viruses and malware. It
can scan your computer for viruses and malware, and it can also remove viruses and
malware that are found on your computer.

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 2. Disk defragmenters: Disk defragmenters rearrange the files on your hard drive to make
them more efficient to access. This can improve the overall performance of your computer.
3. Backup software: Backup software creates copies of your important files and stores them
in a safe location. This can help you to recover your files if they are lost or damaged.
4. File compression software: File compression software reduces the size of files. This can be
useful for saving space on your hard drive or for sending files over the internet.
5. System registry cleaners: System registry cleaners scan your computer's registry for errors
and remove them. This can improve the stability and performance of your computer.
6. Uninstaller software: Uninstaller software completely removes programs from your
computer. This can be useful for removing programs that are not working properly or that
you no longer need.

Write about Application Software and its types:

Application software is any software that is designed to perform a specific task or set of tasks for
the user
Application software can be classified into four main types:
1. Pre-written application software:
 This is software that is developed and sold to the general public.
 It is typically designed to be used by a wide range of users and for a variety of tasks.
 Some examples of pre-written application software include : word processing
software, spreadsheet software, presentation software, web browsers, and
games.
2. Customized application software:
 This is software that is developed to meet the specific needs of a particular user or
organization.

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  It is often more expensive than pre-written application software, but it can be more
efficient and effective for specific tasks.
 Some examples of customized application software include: enterprise resource
planning (ERP) software, customer relationship management (CRM) software,
and medical records management software.
3. General purpose application software:
 This is software that can be used for a variety of tasks.
 It is typically less expensive and easier to use than customized application software,
but it may not be as efficient or effective for specific tasks.
 Some examples of general-purpose application software include : word processing
software, spreadsheet software, presentation software, and web browsers.
4. Special purpose application software:
 This is software that is designed to perform a specific task or set of tasks.
 It is often more efficient and effective than general purpose application software for
specific tasks, but it may not be as versatile.
 Some examples of special purpose application software include: audio editing
software, video editing software, image editing software, and programming
languages.

Programming languages and its types.

 A program is a set of instructions that help computer to perform tasks.
 This set of instructions is also called as scripts.
 Programs are executed by processor whereas scripts are interpreted.
 The languages that are used to write a program or set of instructions are called
"Programming languages".
 Programming languages are broadly categorized into three types −
1. Machine level language
2. Assembly level language
3. High-level language

Machine Level Language

 Machine language is lowest level of programming language.

 It handles binary data i.e. 0’s and 1’s.
 It directly interacts with system.

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  Machine language is difficult for human beings to understand as it comprises combination
of 0’s and 1’s.
 There is software which translate programs into machine level language(compiler/
interpreter)

2. Assembly Level Language

 Assembly language is a middle-level language.

 It consists of a set of instructions in a specific format called commands.
 It uses symbols to represent field of instructions.
 It is very close to machine level language.
 The computer should have assembler to translate assembly level program to machine level
program.
 Examples include ADA, PASCAL, etc.
 It is in human-readable format and takes lesser time to write a program and debug it.
However, it is a machine dependent language.

3. High-level Language

 High-level language uses format or language that is most familiar to users.

 The instructions in this language are called codes or scripts.
 The computer needs a compiler and interpreter to convert high-level language program to
machine level language.
 Examples include C++, Python, Java, etc.
 It is easy to write a program using high level language and is less time-consuming.
 Debugging is also easy and is a human-readable language.

What is word processing? Explain its features?

Word processing is the process of creating, editing, formatting, and storing documents using a
computer. Word processing software is a type of software that allows users to create and edit
documents.

Here are some of the features of word processing software:

 Text entry: Users can enter text into a document using a keyboard or a mouse.
 Formatting: Users can format text in a document, such as changing the font, size, and color
of the text.
 Spelling and grammar checking: Word processing software can check the spelling and
grammar of a document.
 Undo and redo: Users can undo or redo changes that they have made to a document.
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  Cut, copy, and paste: Users can cut, copy, and paste text within a document or from one
document to another.
 Search and replace: Users can search for text in a document and replace it with other text.
 Headers and footers: Users can add headers and footers to a document, which are text
that appears at the top and bottom of each page.
 Tables: Users can create tables in a document, which are a way of organizing data in rows
and columns.
 Graphics: Users can insert graphics, such as images and charts, into a document.
 Page layout: Users can control the layout of a document, such as the margins, line spacing,
and orientation of the pages.
 Printing: Users can print a document to a printer.

Word processing software is a powerful tool that can be used to create a variety of documents,
such as letters, reports, and presentations. It is an essential tool for anyone who needs to create
and edit documents on a computer.

Here are some of the most popular word processing software:

 Microsoft Word
 Google Docs
 Apple Pages

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