Unit -2 Two Marks Questions with Answers

Q.1 Define the term inheritance.

Ans. Inheritance is a process of deriving a new class from existing class, also
called as “extending a class”. When an existing class is extended, the new
(inherited) class has all the properties and methods of the existing class and also
possesses its own characteristics.
Q.2 Explain the use of extend keyword with suitable example.
Ans;
• The extend keyword is used in inheritance.
• When the child class is derived from its parent class then the keyword extends is
used.
Q.3 What is the difference between superclass and subclass?
Ans. :
• The superclass is a parent class or base class from which another class can be
derived.
• The subclass is always a derived class which inherits the properties of the base
class or superclass.
• The superclass is normally a generalized class whereas the subclass is normally
for specific purpose.
Q.4 Enlist various forms of inheritance.
Ans. Various forms of inheritance are -
1. Single level inheritance
2. Multiple inheritance
3. Multi-level inheritance
4. Hierarchical inheritance
5. Hybrid inheritance
Q.5 What is the use of super keyword ?
Ans. The super class is used to access immediate parent class from the subclass. It
is used to
1. access parent's variable,
2. access parent's method
3. access patent's constructor invocation
Q.6 Differentiate between inheritance and polymorphism.
Q.7 Distinguish between static and dynamic binding.
Ans. Static binding is a type of binding in which the function call is resolved at
compile time. The dynamic binding is a type of binding in which the function call
is resolved at run time. The static binding is called the early binding and the
dynamic binding is called late binding.
Q.8 What is the purpose of 'final' keyword ?
Ans. The keyword 'final' is used to avoid further modification of a variable,
method or a class. For instance if a variable is declared as final then it can not be
modified further, similarly, is a method is declared as final then the method
overriding is avoided.
Q.9 Define inheritance hierarchy.
Ans. The inheritance hierarchy represents the collection of classes the inherit from
their base classes and thereby make use of the code present in the base class. The
data reusability can be achieved by inheritance hierarchy. For example

Q.10 How to prevent inheritance?

Ans. If we declare particular class as final then no class can be derived from it. For
example
final class Test
{
………..
………
……….
}
class Test1 extends Test
{
………..
………
……….
}
The above code will produce an error" cannot inherit from final Test".
Thus the use of keyword final for the class prevents the inheritance.
Q.11 Write a class declarations for the following relationship, assuming that
all classes are public: a Bulldog is a kind of dog, and a Dog is a kind of
Animal.
Ans;
class Animal
{
………….
}
class dog extends Animal
{
………...
}
class Bulldog extends dog
{
…………..
}
Q.12 What is meant by dynamic method dispatch?
Ans. The dynamic method dispatch is run time polymorphism in which a call to
overridden function is resolved at runtime instead of at compile time. Hence is the
name. For example
class Test1
{
public void method1()
{}
}
class Test2 extends Test1
{
public void method1()
{}
}
void main()
{
Test1 obj=new Test2();
obj.method1();
}

Q.13 Can an abstract class be final? Why?

Ans. The abstract class cannot be final because once we declared the abstract base
class with the keyword final then it can not be inherited.
Q.14 Can an abstract class in Java be instantiated? Give the reason.
Ans. The abstract class can not be instatiated (i.e. we can not create the object of
this class using new operator) because the abstract class is very much general and
less specific. It does nothing and simply lists out only common features of other
classes.
Q.15 Why is multiple inheritance using classes a disadvantage in Java?
Ans. In multiple inheritance, the child class is derived from two or more parent
classes. It can lead to ambiguity when two base classes implement a method with
the same name.
Q.16 State the condition for method overriding in Java
Ans. Method overriding occurs only when the name of the two methods(method in
super class and method in subclass) are same and their type signature is same.
Q.17 What is package?
Ans.: Package represent a collection of classes, methods and interfaces. The name
of the package must be written as the first statement in the Java source program.
The syntax of specifying the package in the Java program is
package name_of_package
Due to package the systematic arrangement of classes is possible. All standard
classes in Java are stored in named packages.
Q.18 Mention the necessity for import statement.
Ans. The import statement is used to refer the classes and methods that are present
in particular package. This statement is written at the beginning of any Java
program. For example -
import java.io.*
This statement allows to use the useful functionalities for performing input and
output operations.
Q.19 List any four packages in java and highlight their features.
Ans. :
Q.20 What is API package?
Ans.: • The API packages are application programming interface packages used by
java.
• These packages include important classes and interfaces which are used by the
programmer while developing the java applications.
• For example java.io, java.util, java.net and so on are the commonly used API.
Q.21 Explain any three uses of package.
Ans. :
1.The classes defined in the packages of other program can be easily reused.
2. Two classes from two different packages can have the same name. By using the
package name the particular class can be referred.
3. Packages provide the complete separation between the two phases- design and
coding.
Q.22 Explain the term CLASSPATH.
Ans. The packages are nothing but the directories. For locating the specified
package the java run time system makes use of current working directory as its
starting point. This directory path is called CLASSPATH.
Q.23 What are the ways of importing the java packages? OR Write the syntax
for importing packages in a Java source file and give an example.
Ans. The import statement can be written at the beginning of the Java program,
using the keyword import. For example -
import java.io.File
or
import java.io.*
Either a class name can be specified explicitly or a * can be used which indicated
that the Java compiler should import the entire package.
Q.24 In Java what is the use of interface?
Ans. In java, the interface is used to specify the behaviour of a group of classes.
Using interfaces the concept of multiple inheritance can be achieved.
Q.25 Define Interface and write the syntax of the Interface.
Ans. An interface is a collection of method definitions (without
implementations) and constant values. It is a blueprint of a class. It has static
constants and abstract methods.
Syntax
access_modifier interface name_of_interface
{
return_type method_name1(parameter1,parameter2,...parametern);
…………
type static final variable_name=value;
………...
}
Q.26 What modifiers may be used with an interface declaration ?
Ans. : An interface may be declared as public or abstract.
Q.27 Why the variables in interface static and final ?
Ans. The members of interface are static and final because -
1) The reason for being static - The members of interface belong to interface only
and not object.
2) The reason for being final - Any implementation can change value of fields if
they are not defined as final. Then these members would become part of the
implementation. An interface is pure specification without any implementation.
Q.28 What is the purpose of nested interface?
Ans. The nested interfaces are used to group related interfaces so that they can be
easy to maintain. The nested interface must be referred by the outer interface or
class. It can't be accessed directly.
Q.29 What are the properties of nested interface?
Ans;
1) Nested interfaces are static by default. You don't have to mark them static
explicitly.
2) Nested interfaces declared inside class can take any access modifier.
3) Nested interface declared inside interface is public implicitly.
Q.30 If a class B is derived from class A and extends the interface
myinterface, then how will you write this statement for class B definition?
class B extends class A implements myinterface
{
....//body of class B
}

Q. 31 Brief Inner class in Java with its syntax.

Java inner class or nested class is a class which is declared inside the class or
interface.
We use inner classes to logically group classes and interfaces in one place so that it
can be more readable and maintainable.
Additionally, it can access all the members of outer class including private data
members and methods.
Syntax of Inner class
class Java_Outer_class{
//code
class Java_Inner_class{
//code
}
}
Q.32. What is Method overloading?
• Method Overloading is a feature in Java that allows a class to have
more than one method having same name, but with different
number of parameters or parameters having different types and
orders
• Advantages:
– increases the readability of the program.
– Provides the flexibility to use similar methods
Q. 33. What is Type Promotion?
When a data type of smaller size is promoted to the data type of bigger
size than it is called type promotion

Q.34. What is the difference between abstract class and interface?

Abstract Class Interface
Multiple inheritance is not possible; the Multiple inheritance is possible; The class
class can inherit only one abstract class can implement more than one interfaces
The methods in abstract class may be The methods in interfaces are abstract
abstract method or concrete method by default
Java abstract class is extended using Java interface can be implemented by
the keyword extends using the keyword implements

Q.35 Difference between class and interface

Class Interfac
e
The class is denoted by a keyword class The interface is denoted by a
keyword
interface
By creating an instance of a class the you cannot create an instance of an
class members can be accessed interface
The members of a class can be The members of interfaces are always
constant or final declared as final
Q.36. What is the difference between Method Overloading and Method
Overriding
S.No Method Overloading Method Overriding
1 Method Overloading means Method Overriding means
more than one method shares method of base class is re-
the same name in the class defined in the derived class
but having different signature. having same signature.
2 Method Overloading is to Method Overriding is to
“add” or “extend” more to “Change” existing behavior of
method’s method.
behavior.
3 It is a compile time It is a run time
polymorphism. polymorphism.

Q. 37. What is the difference between this () and super ()?

In java, this keyword is a reference variable that refers to the current object.
Super is a special keyword that directs the compiler to invoke the superclass
members
Q. 38 . What is the difference between a static and a non-static inner
class?
A non-static inner class may have object instances that are associated with
instances of the class's outer class. A static inner class does not have any
object instances.

Q.39 .Difference between implementing interface and extending

interface?
Implements keyword is used for a class to implement a certain interface ,
while Extends keyword is used for a subclass to extend from a super class.

Q.40List some properties of Abstract classes ?

• The abstract keyword is used to declare a method as abstract.
• An abstract method consists of a method signature, but no method
body.
 UNIT 2 - PART – B

1. i. Describe in detail about inheritance. (7)

ii. Write a program for inheriting a class. (6)
2.i. Illustrate what is super and subclass in Java. (7)
ii. With an example, illustrate how the objects from sub class are inherited by the
super class. (6)
3. Examine how to control top level and member level access for the members of
the class. (13)
4. Illustrate with an example how passing objects as parameters to methods and
returning objects from methods in Java. (13)
5. Describe in brief about object class and its methods in Java with suitable
example. (13)
6.i. Discuss the concept of abstract class. (7)
ii.Give a program for abstract class with example. (6)
7.i. Explain briefly on final keyword. (7)
ii. Explain the concept of abstract class with an example. (6)
8.i.Describe what is meant by interface. (7)
ii. How is interface declared and implemented in Java. Give example. (6)
9.i. Differentiate classes with interface with suitable examples. (7)
ii. Express a Java program for extending interfaces. (6)
10. Define inner classes. How to access object state using inner classes? Give an
example.(13)
11.i. Summarize in detail about inner class with its usefulness. (6)
12.Analyse and write a Java program using arrayListclasses and object for the
following operations.
i.Push (7)
ii.Pop (6)
13. Explain in detail about Package with an Example Program. (13)
14. What is meant by constructor? Describe the types of constructors supported by
Java with example?
15. Explain Method Overloading and Method Overriding in Java
16. Define Super Keyword and Explain 3 ways of using Super Keyword

UNIT -2 : PART – C
1. Print the sum, difference and product of two complex numbers by creating a
class named 'Complex' with separate methods for each operation whose real and
imaginary parts are entered by user
2. Assess and write an inheritance hierarchy for classes Quadrilateral, Trapezoid,
Parallelogram, Rectangle and Square. Use Quadrilateral as the superclass of the
hierarchy. Specify the instance variable and methods for each class. The private
instance variables of Quadrilateral should be the x-y coordinate pairs for the four
end points of the quadrilateral. Write a program that instances objects of your
classes and outputs each objects area (except Quadrilateral) (15)
3. Consider a class student .Inherit this class in UG Student and PG Student. Also
inherit students into local and non-local students. Define five Local UG Students
with a constructor assuming all classes have a constructor. (15)
4.Express a Java Program to create an abstract class named Shape that contains
two integers and an empty method named print Area (). Provide three classes
named Rectangle, Triangle and Circle such that each one of the classes extends the
class Shape. Each one of the classes contains only the method print Area () that
prints the area of the given shape. (15)
5) An abstract class has a construtor which prints "This is constructor of abstract
class", an abstract method named 'a_method' and a non-abstract method which
prints "This is a normal method of abstract class". A class 'SubClass' inherits the
abstract class and has a method named 'a_method' which prints "This is abstract
method". Now create an object of 'SubClass' and call the abstract method and the
non-abstract method. (Analyse the result)

6.Create an abstract class 'Animals' with two abstract methods 'cats' and 'dogs'.
Now create a class 'Cats' with a method 'cats' which prints "Cats meow" and a class
'Dogs' with a method 'dogs' which prints "Dogs bark", both inheriting the class
'Animals'. Now create an object for each of the subclasses and call their respective
methods.

7. We have to calculate the area of a rectangle, a square and a circle. Create an

abstract class 'Shape' with three abstract methods namely 'RectangleArea' taking
two parameters, 'SquareArea' and 'CircleArea' taking one parameter each. The
parameters of 'RectangleArea' are its length and breadth, that of 'SquareArea' is its
side and that of 'CircleArea' is its radius. Now create another class 'Area'
containing all the three methods 'RectangleArea', 'SquareArea' and 'CircleArea' for
printing the area of rectangle, square and circle respectively. Create an object of
class 'Area' and call all the three methods
8. Describe the advantages of passing objects as parameters in Java methods.
Provide an example of a method that accepts objects as arguments and explains
how it works. Write a Java method that accepts two objects of the same class as
parameters and returns an object representing the combination or result of the two
input objects. Explain the logic behind this method

9. Explain the concept of method overloading in Java. Provide an example of a

class with overloaded methods, and explain how the Java compiler determines
which method to call based on the arguments. What are the rules and restrictions
for method overloading in Java? Discuss any potential pitfalls or ambiguities when
overloading methods

10. Explain the concept of static members in Java and provide an example of a
static variable and a static method