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    Open Channel

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    eekiMV

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    Open Channel

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    eekiMV
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    3 views19 pages

    Open Channel

    Uploaded by

    eekiMV

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 19

    Open Channel

    TPCC 9
    Open Channel
    An open channel is a waterway, canal or conduit in which a liquid flows with a free surface.
    Review

    What is the formula for the total energy of


    a liquid?
    Activating Prior Knowledge

    What is the formula for the total energy of


    a liquid at the bottom of the channel?
    Specific Energy

     Energy per unit weight relative to the bottom of the channel.

    𝑣2
    H= +𝑑
    2𝑔
    Chezy Formula

     The head lost between any two points in the channel is:
    h L= S L
    L = length or run
    S = slope of energy grade line

    v = C 𝑅𝑆
    Q = AC 𝑅𝑆
    Manning Formula

    1 1
    𝐶 = 𝑅6 n = roughness coefficient
    𝑛 1.486 1
    R = hydraulic radius
    𝐶= 𝑅6
    1 2 1 𝑛 R = A/P
    𝑣= 𝑅 𝑆
    3 2
    P = wetted perimeter of
    𝑛
    1 2 1 English Units cross-sectional area
    Q=A 𝑅 𝑆 3 2 S = slope of energy grade
    𝑛
    line
    S.I. Units
    Uniform Flow

     The velocity, depth of flow, and cross-sectional area of flow at any point of
    the stream must be constant
    S = So
    Boundary Shear Stress

    Shear Stress acting over the wetted surface of the channel


    Τo = γ RS

    γ = unit weight of liquid


    R = hydraulic radius
    S = slope of the EGL
    Most Efficient Sections

    Also known as the most economical sections, these


    are sections which, for a given slope S, channel cross-
    sectional area A, and roughness n, the rate of
    discharge is maximum.
    2 1
    1
    Q= A 𝑅 𝑆
    3 2
    𝑛
    Most Efficient Sections

    Rectangular Section

    b = 2d
    d
    R = d/2

    b
    Most Efficient Sections

    Trapezoidal Section

    x
    R = d/2
    y
    x = 2y
    d

    b
    Most Efficient Sections

    Triangular Section

    A = d2
    d
    ϴ

    ϴ = 90°
    Problem 1

     Water flows uniformly in a rectangular,


    concrete, open channel that is 10 m wide at a
    depth of 3 m. The channel slope is 0.0025. Using
    n = 0.013, find the velocity, flow rate, and the
    boundary shear stress.
    Problem 2

     Determine the uniform flow through a


    trapezoidal concrete lined canal having
    side slope of 3H to 4V and the bottom
    width of 2m if the depth of flow is 2m. The
    channel is laid on a slope of 3 m per 2
    kilometer. Use n = 0.013
    Problem 3

     A trapezoidal channel has a bottom width of 6 m and side


    slopes of 2 horizontal to 1 vertical. If the depth of flow is 1.2m
    and the flow is 20.40 m3/sec
     Compute the specific energy
     Compute the slope of the channel if n = 0.014
     Compute the average shearing stress at the boundary
    Problem 4 (CE Board 2002 May) – 19

    A triangular channel with most efficient


    proportion discharges water at the rate of
    1 m3/s. Assuming n = 0.018 and S = 0.0021,
    calculate the normal depth of flow in
    meters.
    Summary

     The flow in a channel is only caused by gravity and not by any external
    head

     Uniform flow must be maintained in channels so that we can accurately


    solve the loss of energy in the water

     Most efficient sections have the least amount of wetted perimeter and a
    maximized cross-sectional area
    SEAT WORK NOTEBOOK

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