Vidya Samvardhak Mandal’s

Somashekhar R Kothiwale Institute of Technology, Nipani

(Basav Vidya Nagar, Shripewadi road, Nipani. Dist: Belagavi)

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Synopsis of Mini-project

[MINI PROJECT TITLE]

By:

Name of the memeber1 [USN]

Name of the memeber2 [USN]

Name of the memeber3 [USN]

Name of the memeber4 [USN]

Guide Coordinator H.O.D

( ) (Prof.Santosh I Kolaki) (Prof.Santosh I Kolaki)
CONTENTS :

● Abstract

● Introduction/ problem statement

● System Overview

● System Design

● Advantages

● Disadvantages

● Future scope

● Project details

● Implementation

● Conclusion
Abstract

Automatic water planting systems using Arduino are innovative solutions to

modern agricultural challenges. By integrating sensors and actuators with

Arduino, these systems can automate the irrigation process, ensuring optimal

water usage and enhancing crop health. This project involves the use of an

Arduino Nano, soil moisture sensor, 5V water pump, ultrasonic sensor, and a

16x2 LCD display. This setup enables the system to monitor soil moisture levels

and water plants when necessary, displaying real-time data on the LCD screen.

This document outlines the design, components, advantages, disadvantages, and

future scope of the system.

Introduction/Problem Statement

Introduction

Water scarcity and inefficient irrigation methods are significant issues in modern

agriculture. Traditional irrigation techniques often result in overwatering or

underwatering, leading to water waste and reduced crop yields. An automatic

watering system addresses these issues by providing precise and timely irrigation

based on real-time soil moisture data.

Problem Statement

Farmers and gardeners need an efficient way to monitor and manage soil moisture

levels to optimize water usage and enhance plant health. Manual irrigation is

labor-intensive and often inaccurate, leading to water wastage and suboptimal

crop growth. An automated system that can monitor soil moisture and control

water delivery is essential to address these challenges.

System Overview

Components

Arduino Nano: Acts as the central processing unit, controlling the sensors and

actuators.

Soil Moisture Sensor: Measures the moisture content of the soil and provides

data to the Arduino.

5V Water Pump: Dispenses water to the plants when triggered by the

Arduino.

Ultrasonic Sensor: Monitors water levels in the reservoir to prevent the pump

from running dry.

16x2 LCD Display: Displays real-time data such as soil moisture levels and

water reservoir status.

System Design

The system is designed to monitor soil moisture continuously. When the soil

moisture level drops below a predefined threshold, the Arduino triggers the water

pump to irrigate the plants. The ultrasonic sensor ensures there is enough water

in the reservoir, and the LCD display provides users with real-time system status

and data.

Advantages

Water Efficiency: The system provides water only when needed, reducing water

wastage.

Labor Saving: Automates the irrigation process, reducing the need for manual

intervention.

Consistent Irrigation: Ensures plants receive consistent water, promoting better

growth.

Real-time Monitoring: The LCD display provides real-time feedback, allowing

for quick adjustments.

Scalability: Can be scaled for larger agricultural applications.

Disadvantages

Initial Cost: The setup and installation can be expensive for small-scale farmers.

Maintenance: Requires regular maintenance to ensure sensors and pumps are

functioning correctly.

Power Dependency: Relies on a constant power supply, which can be a limitation

in remote areas.

Technical Knowledge: Users need some level of technical knowledge to set up

and troubleshoot the system.

Sensor Accuracy: Soil moisture sensors can sometimes provide inaccurate

readings due to soil type or sensor placement.

Future Scope

Solar Power Integration: Incorporating solar panels to make the system more

sustainable and suitable for remote areas.

Wireless Connectivity: Adding Wi-Fi or Bluetooth modules for remote

monitoring and control via smartphones or computers.

Data Analytics: Integrating data logging and analysis tools to optimize irrigation

schedules based on historical data.

Advanced Sensors: Using more advanced sensors to monitor additional

parameters such as soil pH, temperature, and nutrient levels.

Scalability: Developing modular versions of the system for large-scale

agricultural fields.
Project Details

Arduino Nano

The Arduino Nano is a compact microcontroller board based on the

ATmega328P, ideal for embedded projects. It has 14 digital I/O pins, 8 analog

inputs, and a USB interface for programming.

Soil Moisture Sensor

The soil moisture sensor consists of two probes that measure the resistance in the

soil. Moist soil conducts electricity better than dry soil, allowing the sensor to

provide an analog signal corresponding to soil moisture levels.

5V Water Pump

A small, submersible 5V water pump is used to deliver water to the plants. It is

controlled via a relay connected to the Arduino, which switches the pump on or

off based on soil moisture readings.

Ultrasonic Sensor

The ultrasonic sensor measures the distance to the water surface in the reservoir,

ensuring the water level is sufficient for the pump to operate. It sends ultrasonic

waves and measures the time taken for the echo to return, calculating the distance.

16x2 LCD Display

The 16x2 LCD display is used to show real-time data from the sensors, including

soil moisture levels and water reservoir status. It connects to the Arduino via the

I2C interface, reducing the number of pins required.

Implementation

Circuit Diagram

The circuit involves connecting the soil moisture sensor, water pump, ultrasonic

sensor, and LCD display to the Arduino Nano. The soil moisture sensor's output

pin connects to an analog input pin on the Arduino. The water pump connects to

a digital pin via a relay module. The ultrasonic sensor's trigger and echo pins

connect to digital pins on the Arduino. The LCD display connects via the I2C

interface.
Software

The Arduino is programmed using the Arduino IDE. The code involves reading

data from the soil moisture sensor, controlling the relay to operate the water

pump, and displaying data on the LCD. The ultrasonic sensor data is also read to

monitor water levels.

Code
Testing and Calibration

The system needs to be tested and calibrated to ensure accuracy. Soil moisture

thresholds should be adjusted based on specific plant requirements. The

ultrasonic sensor should be calibrated to accurately measure water levels in the

reservoir.

Conclusion

An automatic water planting system using Arduino offers a practical solution to

efficient irrigation, addressing the challenges of water scarcity and labor-

intensive manual watering. While the initial setup may be costly and require some

technical knowledge, the long-term benefits in water savings and improved crop

yields make it a valuable investment. Future enhancements like solar power

integration and wireless connectivity can further improve the system’s

functionality and sustainability.