ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET

Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number and title Unit 2: Networking

Submission date 25/06/2024 Date Received 1st submission 25/06/2024

Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission

Student Name Trinh Tran Hoang Anh Student ID BS01135

Class SE07203 Assessor name Cao Tien Thanh

Student declaration

I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that
making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.

Student’s signature Anh

Grading grid

P1 P2 P3 M1 M2 M3 D1 D2
 Summative Feedback:  Resubmission Feedback:

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Internal Verifier’s Comments:

IV Signature:
INTRODUCE
I. Discuss the benefits and constraints of different network types and standards (P1)
1. Network
a. Define Network:
A network is a collection of devices (such as computers, phones, routers, switches, etc.) that are
connected to share and exchange data, information, and resources.
b. Network type:
Different types of networks are built to meet specific needs and requirements. Here are some
common types of networks:

A local area network (LAN) is a network

built within a small geographical area
such as an office, school, or home. They
connect devices such as computers,
printers, and servers within a small area,
such as an Ethernet or Wi-Fi network.

A wide area network (WAN) is built over

a larger geographical area, such as
between cities or countries. They connect
LANs over telecommunications lines,
such as the Internet or a virtual private
network (VPN).

A personal area network (PAN) is built

for the personal area, connecting mobile
devices and computers within a small
area, often using wireless technologies
such as Bluetooth or Zigbee.

Embedded Networks are built to connect electronics, using protocols such as CAN
embedded devices such as industrial bus or LIN bus.
equipment, automobiles or consumer
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are
built from wireless sensor nodes
distributed in an area, serving
applications such as environmental
monitoring, agriculture or medicine.

In addition, there are specialized networks built for specific applications such as power grids or
cable television networks.
c. Benefit of the network:
Different types of networks provide different benefits to users and organizations:
Local Area Networks (LANs) share resources such as printers, hard drives, and Internet
bandwidth, allowing access to centrally stored data and applications, increasing efficiency and
productivity, and making management and security easier.
Wide Area Networks (WANs) connect large geographical areas, enabling remote working, sharing
information and resources across locations, deploying centralized applications and services,
improving performance, and reducing costs.
Personal Area Networks (PANs) connect mobile devices within a personal area, allowing sharing
of data and resources, increasing productivity and convenience for users, and supporting
applications such as file synchronization and sharing.
Embedded Networks monitor and control embedded devices, improving operational efficiency,
reducing maintenance costs, and supporting industrial, automotive, and home applications.
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) collect and analyze data from the environment, supporting
monitoring, control, and management applications, with lower deployment and operating costs. In
general, different types of networks provide benefits such as resource sharing, improved
efficiency, support for specialized applications, increased productivity, and reduced costs for users
and organizations.
 d. Constraint of the network:
Different types of networks also have certain limitations and challenges:
Local Area Network (LAN): Limited connectivity, requires investment in network infrastructure at
each location. Security and access control must be carefully managed.
Wide Area Network (WAN): Higher deployment and operating costs, especially for video and
audio connections. Data transmission speeds may be limited and depend on the service provider.
Personal Area Network (PAN): Small connectivity, limited number of connected devices. Requires
management and security of individual mobile devices.
Embedded Network: Requires investment in developing specialized protocols and hardware.
Integrating embedded devices into the network can be complex.
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN): Sensor nodes can fail or run out of battery. Network scalability
and mobility can be limited.
In general, all types of networks must consider issues such as cost, connectivity range, security,
management, and high availability to meet usage needs.
2. Protocol and Standards
a. Network protocol definition:
A network protocol is a set of rules and regulations that define how devices connect and
communicate with each other in a computer network. These rules define data formats, packaging
techniques, data analysis and processing
b. List some protocols: TCP/IP, HTTP, DNS,ICMP:
In the interconnected world of computer networks, there are many network protocols that play a
key role. Chief among them is TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), which is
the most basic and important protocol of the Internet. TCP/IP provides a reliable mechanism for
transmitting data between computers, defining how devices connect and exchange information on
the Internet.
In addition to TCP/IP, HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the main protocol for transmitting
data on the World Wide Web. HTTP defines how web browsers communicate with web servers,
controlling how web pages and resources are requested and transmitted.
Another important protocol is DNS (Domain Name System), which is responsible for translating
user domain names (such as www.example.com) into IP addresses. DNS provides a mechanism for
mapping domain names to IP addresses, making it easy for users to access websites.
Finally, ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is a protocol used to transmit error and control
messages between network devices. ICMP allows devices to check and report on the status of
network connectivity, helping to identify and fix network connectivity problems.
These network protocols, along with many others, play an important role in the connection and
communication of devices in a network environment.
c. List some standard organizations and standards names:
Here are some examples of standards organizations and standards names used in the field of
information technology and telecommunications:
Standards organizations:
 ISO (International Organization for Standardization) - International Organization for
Standardization
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) - Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers
ITU (International Telecommunication Union) - International Telecommunication Union
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) - Internet Technology Development Group
W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) - World Wide Web Standards Organization
Standards:
ISO/IEC 27001 - Information Security Management Standard
IEEE 802.11 - Wi-Fi Standard
ITU-T G.711 - Audio Coding Standard
IETF RFC (Request for Comments) - Internet Standards and Specifications
W3C HTML, CSS, XML - Web Page Markup Language and Presentation Standards
These and many other organizations play an important role in developing, maintaining and
promoting technology standards to ensure compatibility, security and efficiency in global
information and telecommunications systems. (Plaza, n.d.)
II. Network topology & communication and Bandwidth requirements (P2)
1. Network topology definition
a. Definition: Physical & Logical Topology:

Physical network topology refers to the

physical components of the network, such
as network devices (routers, switches,
hubs, etc.), the types of cables, and the
transmission media used. This topology
determines how the physical components
are connected and organized together.

Logical network topology, on the other

hand, refers to how the network
components are configured and interact
with each other at the software and
protocol layer. This includes routing
methods, dividing the LAN into
segments, how devices communicate and
exchange data.

Impact of network topology:

 Performance: The physical and logical network topology affects the speed, latency, and processing
capabilities of the network. For example, using high-performance network devices and optimizing
routing protocols can improve network performance.
Scalability: The network topology affects the ability of the network to expand to accommodate
increased user and traffic demands. A suitable network structure allows for easy addition of
devices and network segments.
Reliability: Network structure affects the redundancy, fault tolerance, and resilience of the
network. A redundant network structure can minimize single points of failure of the network.
Security: Logical network structure, such as network segmentation and access control methods,
affects the security of the network.
Therefore, designing the appropriate physical and logical network structure is important to ensure
the performance, scalability, reliability, and security of the network system.
b. Examples of topology with diagrams (Mesh, Star, Bus, Ring, Tree, Hybrid):

This diagram shows the basic Network Topology Types, including:

Point-to-point: Direct connection between two devices.
Bus: Devices connected to a common data transmission line.
Ring: Devices connected in a closed loop.
Star: Devices connected to a central device (hub/switch).
Tree: Hierarchical network structure, with branches branching out from a central device.
Mesh: Devices connected to many other devices, forming a network.
Hybrid: Combining different network topology types.
These network topologies represent ways to organize and connect devices in a computer network,
each with its own advantages and disadvantages, suitable for specific requirements and
applications. (freetuts, 2020)
2. Communication and Bandwidth
a. Define commutations in terms of networking:
Switching in computer networking terminology is the process of forwarding data packets from one port to
another on a network device, such as a switch or router, to get them to their correct destination.
b. Rules of communication:
In computer networks, communication protocols play a very important role. They define standards and
rules that help devices communicate and exchange information with each other.
One of the most basic protocols is the Internet Protocol (IP). IP formats logical addresses to locate and
route data on the Internet. Currently, IPv4 and IPv6 are the two main versions of the IP protocol.
In addition, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP) form the TCP/IP
protocol suite - a set of protocols that provide basic communication services on the Internet. TCP ensures
reliable data transmission, while IP routes data.
In addition, the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) provides a connectionless and unreliable data transmission
mechanism. UDP is often used for real-time applications such as video, audio.
When it comes to data transmission on the web, the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and its more
secure version, HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure), play a key role. These communication rules,
along with many other protocols, form the foundation for the diverse applications and network services
we use every day.
c. Bandwidth:
Bandwidth is an important concept in the field of communications and computer networks. It refers to the
speed of data transmission or the ability to transfer data in a given period of time.
Bandwidth is usually measured in bits per second (bps) or bytes per second (Bps). For example, an Internet
connection with a bandwidth of 100 Mbps (megabits per second) can transfer data at a rate of up to 100
million bits per second.
Bandwidth is an important and limited resource in computer networks. It affects the quality and
performance of communication services, such as:
Downloading and uploading files: The larger the bandwidth, the faster the download/upload of files.
Watching videos and streaming: The larger the bandwidth, the higher the quality of video and audio.
Online multiplayer games: The larger the bandwidth, the lower the latency, which improves the gaming
experience.
Bandwidth management and optimization is one of the important tasks of network service providers to
ensure the best service quality for users.
 d. Bandwidth requirements for the networks:
When designing and deploying a computer network, determining bandwidth requirements is
important. The number of current and expected users will affect bandwidth requirements. Each
user will consume a portion of the bandwidth for individual activities.
The type of application and data also plays an important role. Applications such as video, large
data transmission, online games will consume more bandwidth than text applications or email. It is
necessary to assess the bandwidth requirements for each type of application.
Usage patterns also need to be considered, including activities such as uploading, downloading,
accessing the Internet, accessing files on the internal network. Estimating the bandwidth
requirements for each type of activity is necessary.
Availability and reliability are also important factors. Bandwidth reserves are needed to handle
peak or failure situations, ensuring stable network operation.
Finally, scalability also needs to be considered. It is necessary to anticipate future bandwidth needs
as the number of users or application requirements increase, and design the network with
bandwidth scalability in mind.
By analyzing these factors, network engineers can determine the exact bandwidth requirements,
ensuring the network operates efficiently and meets user needs. (FPT - Nhà Phân Phối Thiết Bị
Mạng UniFi, Aruba, Huawei, 2022)
III. Discuss the operating principles of networking devices and server types (P3)
REFERENCES

Plaza, J.L.N. (n.d.). Network Warrior, 2nd Edition - O’Reilly. www.academia.edu. [online]
Available at: https://www.academia.edu/38176808/Network_Warrior_2nd_Edition_OReilly
[Accessed 23 Jun. 2024].
‌
freetuts. (2020). Network Topology là gì? Những cấu trúc liên kết mạng thường dùng.
[online] Available at: https://freetuts.net/thu-thuat/network-topology-1215t.html.

FPT - Nhà Phân Phối Thiết Bị Mạng UniFi, Aruba, Huawei. (2022). Băng thông là gì? Băng
thông như thế nào thì tốt cho website? [online] Available at: https://wifi.fpt.net/bang-thong-
la-gi-bang-thong-nhu-the-nao-thi-tot-cho-website/ [Accessed 24 Jun. 2024].

‌
‌