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PC Sec. 6.5 Notes

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14 views12 pages

PC Sec. 6.5 Notes

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ryanlutwin
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Pre-Calc. Sec. 6.

5
Trigonometric Form of Complex Numbers (Polar Form)

A complex number, z = a + bi , can be expressed as a point


(a, b) in the complex plane. This is standard (or
rectangular) form.
The absolute  value of a complex # a + bi is defined as the
distance between the origin (0,0) and the point (a,b).


z = a + bi = a + b 2 2
Ex.1) Plot the complex # and find its absolute value.
z = −1+ 3i 5

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
-1

-2

-3

-4

-5
The trigonometric form (also called polar form) of a
complex number is given by:
z = r (cos + i sin  ) or rcis
Recall :
x y y
cos = sin = tan =
5

r r x 4

 3

Now : 1

a b b -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5

cos = sin = tan = -1

r r a -2

-3

-4

So..... -5

a = r cos  b = r sin 
Ex.2)Write the trigonometric form (polar form) for the
complex number: z = −1+ 3i 5
4
3

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5


-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
Ex.3) Graph z , then find the trigonometric form (polar form)
for the complex number: z = 2 2 − i
5

1

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
-1

-2

-3

-4

-5
Ex.4) Represent the complex # graphically, then find the
number in standard form.
z = 5(cos135 + i sin 135) or 5cis135
r=
=
5

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
-1

-2

-3

-4

-5
Pre-Calc. Sec. 6.5 continued…
Product and Quotient Rules for the trigonometric form of
complex numbers:

Given : z1 = r1(cos  1+ i sin 1) z 2 = r2(cos 2+ i sin 2)

Product : z1 z 2 = r1 r2 cos(1 +  2 ) + i sin (1 +  2 )

z1 r1
Quotient : = cos(1 −  2 ) + i sin (1 −  2 )
z 2 r2
Ex.5) Perform the operation, leave in trigonometric form.
Given :
1 4
z1 = (cos115 + i sin 115) z 2 = (cos 300 + i sin 300)
2 5

Find : z1 z 2
Ex.6) Perform the operation, leave in trigonometric form.
Given : z1 = 2 z 2 = 3 − i
z1
a) Find : Using the Quotient Rule (trigonometric form).
z2
DeMoivre’s Theorem, for the trigonometric form of
complex numbers, is used to find powers of complex #’s.

n
z = r (cos + i sin  ) n
= r (cosn + i sin n )
n
7) Using DeMoivre’s Theorem find:
(
8) Using DeMoivre' s Theorem find : 4 1 - 3i ) 3

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