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MambaVision: NVIDIA's Hybrid Vision Transformer For AI

MambaVision by NVIDIA is revolutionizing computer vision! This open-source hybrid model combines the strengths of CNN and Transformer architectures for top-tier performance. Learn how it offers State-of-the-Art performance in computer vision tasks like image classification, object detection, and segmentation. Learn more about the insights of this model.

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MambaVision: NVIDIA's Hybrid Vision Transformer For AI

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MambaVision: NVIDIA’s Hybrid Vision Transformer for AI

Introduction

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have changed the world of computer vision

by treating images as patch-wise sequences and incorporating
self-attention mechanisms, commonly used to understand long-range
relationships in text data. The approach of ViTs enables them to model
large spatial extent dependencies in pictures, which makes them very
strong for many vision jobs. They have established themselves as a
top-performing approach, and in some cases are even outperforming
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). The ViTs developed in the
recent past have surpassed some existing benchmarks for image
classification, object detection, and segmentation tasks.

Nevertheless, ViTs have drawbacks like extensive computation burden

and the requirement of a huge database for adequate training. CNNs
may also overlook the larger context and, while accurate, Transformers
are computationally intensive systems, making it difficult to train them in

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an online setting. MambaVision attempts to solve this by essentially

combining the strengths of Mamba and Transformer architectures,
improving efficiency specifically for vision use cases.

The researchers at NVIDIA who developed MambaVision include Ali

Hatamizadeh and Jan Kautz. NVIDIA, a powerhouse of AI and GPU
technology, has a long history of creating state-of-the-art AI models and
frameworks. MambaVision was created with the intention of developing
a CNN-Transformer hybrid that takes advantage of the efficiency and
useful representations provided by CNNs, along with the powerful
modeling capabilities of Transformers. It was established as part of an
effort to improve the strength of deep Transformers, especially Vision
Transformers (ViTs), while simultaneously utilizing their ability in highly
sparse representation.

What is MambaVision?

MambaVision is a hybrid vision backbone that seamlessly integrates the

strengths of Mamba and Transformer architectures. This unique blend is
specifically tailored to enhance the modeling of visual features. The
model employs a hierarchical architecture that is adept at capturing both
short- and long-range dependencies in images.

Key Features of MambaVision

● Hierarchical Architecture: MambaVision smartly combines

Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) layers for initial feature
extraction with Transformer blocks. This combination is key to
capturing long-range dependencies, making the model highly
effective.
● Novel Mixer Block: One of the unique features of MambaVision is
its novel mixer block. It introduces a symmetric path without SSM,
enhancing the model’s ability to capture the global context.

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● Versatility: MambaVision is designed to be flexible. It supports

various input resolutions, making it suitable for tasks like image
classification, object detection, and segmentation. This versatility
makes it a valuable tool in the field of computer vision.
● State-of-the-Art Performance: MambaVision is not just about
innovative design; it also delivers in terms of performance. It
achieves new State-of-the-Art (SOTA) performance in terms of
Top-1 accuracy and image throughput on the ImageNet-1K
dataset.

source - https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.08083

Capabilities/Use Case of Mamba Vision

MambaVision is a model of use hierarchy and many scales. Available for

a myriad of miscellaneous uses, the model's main uses include

● Medical Imaging: One of the main application domains for which

these models can be useful is medical imaging, where they help in
early diagnosis and treatment planning to increase diagnostic
accuracy by identifying abnormalities in medical images.

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● Surveillance Systems: MambaVision offers an ideal solution for

surveillance systems to watch public spaces and critical
infrastructure, as it can continues delivering superior low-light
performance even in overcrowded scenes.
● Agricultural Monitoring: In precision agriculture, MambaVision
aids in crop health monitoring, disease detection and achieves
resource optimization by processing high resolution images.
● Industrial Automation: MambaVision can be used in
manufacturing and industrial industries for maintaining quality
control and defect detection during production, resulting in fewer
defective products that are being sent while increasing overall
efficiency.

Its effectiveness and utility across domains show the versatility of

MambaVision to solve real-world problems in different practical settings,
by taking advantage of its unique features.

How does MambaVision work?/ Architecture/Design

MambaVision employs a sophisticated hierarchical architecture that

combines the strengths of different neural network paradigms to achieve
state-of-the-art performance in vision tasks. The model is structured into
four distinct stages, each designed to process visual information at
different levels of abstraction and scale.

The initial stages of MambaVision leverage Convolutional Neural

Network (CNN) layers for rapid feature extraction. This design choice is
particularly effective for processing high-resolution input, as CNNs excel
at capturing local spatial patterns efficiently. As the information flows
through the model, the latter stages introduce a hybrid approach by
incorporating both MambaVision Mixer blocks and Transformer blocks.
This combination allows the model to capture both short-range and
long-range dependencies in the visual data. The MambaVision Mixer, a

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modified version of the original Mamba block, is tailored specifically for

vision tasks, while the self-attention mechanism of Transformers helps in
modeling global context.

source - https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.08083

As illustrated in figure above, the architecture begins with a stem layer

that processes the input image, followed by the four main stages. Stages
1 and 2 primarily consist of convolutional blocks, while stages 3 and 4
employ the hybrid MambaVision Mixer and Transformer blocks.
Downsampling occurs between stages to reduce spatial dimensions
progressively. The final stage outputs are then processed through a
global average pooling layer and a linear layer to produce the final
predictions. This carefully crafted architecture enables MambaVision to
efficiently process visual information at multiple scales and abstractions,
resulting in its superior performance across various vision tasks.

Performance evaluation

A well-tuned MambaVision model achieves top performance on image

classification, outperforming existing state-of-the-art (SOTA) results , as
shown below table, on the ImageNet-1K dataset. Matching the
performance among these models in both Top-1 accuracy and images
per second, MambaVision variants consistently outperform other
surveyed approaches overall. In particular, MambaVision-B reaches a
high 84.2% Top-1 accuracy, leading other models like ConvNeXt-B
(83.8%) and Swin-B, while also offering significantly higher image
throughput.

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source - https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.08083

MambaVision is not only state-of-the-art in image classification but also

excels in downstream tasks like object detection and instance
segmentation. Experiments on the MS COCO dataset with Mask R-CNN
and Cascade Mask R-CNN networks show that incorporating the simple
Mask-RCNN detection head with the MambaVision-T backbone results
in 46.4 box AP and 41.8 mask AP, outperforming both ConvNeXt-T and
Swin-T models. Among the MambaVision variants trained with a 4-stage
Cascade Mask-RCNN network, they consistently outperform their
baselines, with mean improvements ranging from 0.1 to 0.6 for box AP
and mask AP across different backbone variations. (results as shown in
below table)

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source - https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.08083

This model also excels in semantic segmentation tasks. Evaluations of

MambaVision on competitive benchmarks using the UPerNet network
show that it improves categorical IoU over corresponding baseline
models across various variants tested on the ADE20K dataset.
Specifically, MambaVision-T, MambaVision-S, and MambaVision-B
surpass their Swin Transformer counterparts by 0.6 mIoU,
demonstrating the robustness and practical utility of MambaVision as a
backbone architecture across a diverse set of vision tasks.

How to Access and Use MambaVision?

MambaVision is on GitHub and can be accessed from the Hugging Face

library. It is very simple to use some of the existing pre trained
MambaVision models. You can download the model using the Hugging
Face library. It is free and available at the GitHub repository, with
extensive specifications regarding licenses for both research and
commercial use.

If you would like to read more details about this AI model, the sources
are all included at the end of this article in the 'source' section.

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Limitations And Future Work

Even with the major advancements of MambaVision in vision

applications, it still suffers from problems such as high computational
requirements, increased complexity to train due to its hybrid architecture,
and lack of benchmarks on a variety of tasks beyond image
classification, object detection, and semantic segmentation.
Furthermore, the hybrid system might fail to effectively utilize what each
pure Mamba/Transformer architecture excels at and also increase
design complexity, potentially making it harder for interpretability.
Subsequent research efforts may seek to refine the model for greater
efficiency, further reduce computational requirements, and evaluate
additional applications in diverse fields.

Conclusion

MambaVision is a big step for the further integration of CNN and

Transformer architectures in vision tasks. It provides a powerful pipeline
that overcomes the bottleneck of vanilla ViTs and features more flexibility
for exploring visual representation as well. With the progression of AI,
models such as MambaVision will be instrumental for furthering
computer vision.

Source
research paper : https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.08083
research document: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.08083
GitHub Repo: https://github.com/NVlabs/MambaVision
Model Weights : https://huggingface.co/collections/nvidia/mambavision-66943871a6b36c9e78b327d3

Disclaimer - This article is intended purely for informational purposes. It is not sponsored or endorsed by any company or
organization, nor does it serve as an advertisement or promotion for any product or service. All information presented is based
on publicly available resources and is subject to change. Readers are encouraged to conduct their own research and due
diligence.