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Correlation& Regression
Type I: Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation (r)
1. Find from the following values of the demand and the corresponding price of a
commodity, the degree of correlation between the demand and price by computing Karl
Pearson’s coefficient of correlation.
Demand in Quintals : 65 66 67 67 68 69 70 72
Price in Rs. Per kg : 67 68 65 68 72 72 69 71
[J23/CompIT/6M]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑦 (𝑥 − 𝑥) (𝑦 − 𝑦) (𝑥 − 𝑥)2 (𝑦 − 𝑦)2 (𝑥 − 𝑥)(𝑦 − 𝑦)
65 67 -3 -2 9 4 6
66 68 -2 -1 4 1 2
67 65 -1 -3 1 9 3
67 68 -1 -1 1 1 1
68 72 0 3 0 9 0
69 72 1 3 1 9 3
70 69 2 0 4 0 0
72 71 4 2 16 4 8
544 552 0 0 36 44 24

∑𝑥 544
𝑥= = = 68
𝑁 8
∑𝑦 552
𝑦= = = 69
𝑁 8
∑(𝑥−𝑥)(𝑦−𝑦) 24
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) = = =3
𝑁 8
∑(𝑥−𝑥)2 36
𝜎𝑥 = √ =√ = 2.1213
𝑁 8
∑(𝑦−𝑦)2 44
𝜎𝑦 = √ =√ = 2.3452
𝑁 8
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥,𝑦) 3
𝑟= = = 0.6030
𝜎𝑥 ×𝜎𝑦 2.1213×2.3452

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Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
2. Calculate the correlation coefficient from the following data:
x: 23,27,28,29,30,31,33,35,36,39
y: 18,22,23,24,25,26,28,29,30,32
[N14/CompIT/6M][N14/ChemBiot/6M][M18/IT/6M][M19/Chem/6M][N19/Inst/6M]
[M22/Chem/5M]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 − 𝐴 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦 − 𝐵 𝑑𝑥2 𝑑𝑦2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
23 18 -7 -7 49 49 49
27 22 -3 -3 9 9 9
28 23 -2 -2 4 4 4
29 24 -1 -1 1 1 1
30 25 0 0 0 0 0
31 26 1 1 1 1 1
33 28 3 3 9 9 9
35 29 5 4 25 16 20
36 30 6 5 36 25 30
39 32 9 7 81 49 63
311 257 11 7 215 163 186
∑𝑥 311
𝑥= = = 31.1 (𝐴 = 30)
𝑁 10
∑𝑦 257
𝑦= = = 25.7 (𝐵 = 25)
𝑁 10
∑ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 ∑ 𝑑𝑥 ∑ 𝑑𝑦 186 11 7
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) = −( )( )= − ( ) ( ) = 17.83
𝑁 𝑁 𝑁 10 10 10
∑ 𝑑𝑥2 ∑ 𝑑𝑥 2 215 11 2
𝜎𝑥 = √ −( ) = √ 10 − (10) = 4.5044
𝑁 𝑁
2
∑ 𝑑𝑦 ∑ 𝑑𝑦 2 163 7 2
𝜎𝑦 = √ −( ) = √ 10 − (10) = 3.9762
𝑁 𝑁
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥,𝑦) 17.83
𝑟= = = 0.9955
𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦 4.5044×3.9762

3. Draw a scatter diagram to represent the following data:

x: 2 4 5 6 8 11
y: 18 12 10 8 7 5
Calculate the coefficient of correlation between 𝑥 and 𝑦 for the above data.
Ans.−0.92

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Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
4. Calculate the coefficient of correlation between 𝑥 and 𝑦 from the data
x: 3 5 4 6 2
y: 3 4 5 2 6
[N17/MTRX/5M][M23/MechCivil/5M]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑥𝑦
3 3 9 9 9
5 4 25 16 20
4 5 16 25 20
6 2 36 4 12
2 6 4 36 12
20 20 90 90 73
∑𝑥 20
𝑥= = =4
𝑁 5
∑𝑦 20
𝑦= = =4
𝑁 5
∑ 𝑥𝑦 73
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) = − 𝑥. 𝑦 = − (4)(4) = −1.4
𝑁 5
∑ 𝑥2 90
𝜎𝑥 = √ − (𝑥)2 = √ − (4)2 = 1.4142
𝑁 5
∑ 𝑦2 90
𝜎𝑦 = √ − (𝑦)2 = √ − (4)2 = 1.4142
𝑁 5
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥,𝑦) −1.4
𝑟= = = −0.7
𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦 1.4142×1.4142

5. Calculate the coefficient of correlation between 𝑥 and 𝑦 from the data

x: 3 6 4 5 7
y: 2 4 5 3 6
[N19/IT/5M]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑥𝑦
3 2 9 4 6
6 4 36 16 24
4 5 16 25 20
5 3 25 9 15
7 6 49 36 42
25 20 135 90 107
∑𝑥 25
𝑥= = =5
𝑁 5
∑𝑦 20
𝑦= = =4
𝑁 5
∑ 𝑥𝑦 107
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) = − 𝑥. 𝑦 = − (5)(4) = 1.4
𝑁 5
∑ 𝑥2 135
𝜎𝑥 = √ − (𝑥)2 = √ − (5)2 = 1.4142 AR
𝑁 5

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Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
∑ 𝑦2 90
𝜎𝑦 = √ − (𝑦)2 = √ − (4)2 = 1.4142
𝑁 5
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥,𝑦) 1.4
𝑟= = = 0.7
𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦 1.4142×1.4142

6. Calculate the coefficient of correlation between price and demand

Price 2 3 4 7 4
Demand 8 7 3 1 1
[M19/Comp/6M]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑥𝑦
2 8 4 64 16
3 7 9 49 21
4 3 16 9 12
7 1 49 1 7
4 1 16 1 4
20 20 94 124 60
∑𝑥 20
𝑥= = =4
𝑁 5
∑𝑦 20
𝑦= = =4
𝑁 5
∑ 𝑥𝑦 60
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) = − 𝑥. 𝑦 = − (4)(4) = −4
𝑁 5
∑ 𝑥2 94
𝜎𝑥 = √ − (𝑥)2 = √ − (4)2 = 1.6733
𝑁 5
∑ 𝑦2 124
𝜎𝑦 = √ − (𝑦)2 = √ − (4)2 = 2.9665
𝑁 5
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥,𝑦) −4
𝑟= = = −0.8058
𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦 1.6733×2.9665

7. Find Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation for the following data

X 12 17 22 27 32
Y 113 119 117 115 121
[N18/Inst/6M]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑦 (𝑥 − 𝑥)2 (𝑦 − 𝑦)2 (𝑥 − 𝑥)(𝑦 − 𝑦)
12 113 -10 -4 100 16 40
17 119 -5 2 25 4 -10
22 117 0 0 0 0 0
27 115 5 -2 25 4 -10
32 121 10 4 100 16 40
110 585 0 0 250 40 60
∑𝑥 110 AR
𝑥= = = 22
𝑁 5
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∑𝑦 585
𝑦= = = 117
𝑁 5
∑(𝑥−𝑥)(𝑦−𝑦) 60
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) = = = 12
𝑁 5
∑(𝑥−𝑥)2 250
𝜎𝑥 = √ =√ = 5√2
𝑁 5
∑(𝑦−𝑦)2 40
𝜎𝑦 = √ =√ = 2√2
𝑁 5
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥,𝑦) 12
𝑟= = = 0.6
𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦 5√2×2√2

8. Find coefficient of correlation for the following data

X 100 200 300 400 500
Y 30 40 50 60 70
[M15/CompIT/6M][N16/CompIT/5M][M23DSE/CompIT/5M]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑦 (𝑥 − 𝑥)2 (𝑦 − 𝑦)2 (𝑥 − 𝑥)(𝑦 − 𝑦)
100 30 -200 -20 40000 400 4000
200 40 -100 -10 10000 100 1000
300 50 0 0 0 0 0
400 60 100 10 10000 100 1000
500 70 200 20 40000 400 4000
1500 250 0 0 100000 1000 10000
∑𝑥 1500
𝑥= = = 300
𝑁 5
∑𝑦 250
𝑦= = = 50
𝑁 5
∑(𝑥−𝑥)(𝑦−𝑦) 10000
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) = = = 2000
𝑁 5
∑(𝑥−𝑥)2 100000
𝜎𝑥 = √ =√ = 100√2
𝑁 5
∑(𝑦−𝑦)2 1000
𝜎𝑦 = √ =√ = 10√2
𝑁 5
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥,𝑦) 2000
𝑟= = =1
𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦 100√2×10√2

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Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
9. Find Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation for the following data
X 28 45 40 38 35 33 40 32 36 33
Y 23 34 33 34 30 26 28 31 36 35
[M15/MechCivil/6M][M18/Elect/6M][N22/Chem/8M]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑦 (𝑥 − 𝑥)2 (𝑦 − 𝑦)2 (𝑥 − 𝑥)(𝑦 − 𝑦)
28 23 -8 -8 64 64 64
45 34 9 3 81 9 27
40 33 4 2 16 4 8
38 34 2 3 4 9 6
35 30 -1 -1 1 1 1
33 26 -3 -5 9 25 15
40 28 4 -3 16 9 -12
32 31 -4 0 16 0 0
36 36 0 5 0 25 0
33 35 -3 4 9 16 -12
360 310 0 0 216 162 97
∑𝑥 360
𝑥= = = 36
𝑁 10
∑𝑦 310
𝑦= = = 31
𝑁 10
∑(𝑥−𝑥)(𝑦−𝑦) 97
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) = = = 9.7
𝑁 10
∑(𝑥−𝑥)2 216
𝜎𝑥 = √ =√ = 4.6476
𝑁 10
∑(𝑦−𝑦)2 162
𝜎𝑦 = √ =√ = 4.0249
𝑁 10
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥,𝑦) 9.7
𝑟= = = 0.5185
𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦 4.6476×4.0249

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10. Find the coefficient of correlation between height of father and height of son from the
following data
Height of father 65 66 67 68 69 71 73
Height of son 67 68 64 68 72 69 70
[N17/MechCivil/6M]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 − 𝐴 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦 − 𝐵 𝑑𝑥2 𝑑𝑦2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
65 67 -3 -1 9 1 3
66 68 -2 0 4 0 0
67 64 -1 -4 1 16 4
68 68 0 0 0 0 0
69 72 1 4 1 16 4
71 69 3 1 9 1 3
73 70 2 2 4 4 4
479 478 3 2 49 38 24
∑𝑥 479
𝑥= = = 68.4286 (𝐴 = 68)
𝑁 7
∑𝑦 478
𝑦= = = 68.2857 (𝐵 = 68)
𝑁 7
∑ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 ∑ 𝑑𝑥 ∑ 𝑑𝑦 24 3 2
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) = −( )( )= − ( ) ( ) = 3.3061
𝑁 𝑁 𝑁 7 7 7
∑ 𝑑𝑥2 ∑ 𝑑𝑥 2 49 3 2
𝜎𝑥 = √ −( ) = √ 7 − (7) = 2.6108
𝑁 𝑁
2
∑ 𝑑𝑦 ∑ 𝑑𝑦 2 38 2 2
𝜎𝑦 = √ −( ) = √ 7 − (7) = 2.3123
𝑁 𝑁
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥,𝑦) 3.3061
𝑟= = = 0.5476
𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦 2.6108×2.3123

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11. Ten students got the following percentage of marks is mathematics and statistics
Maths 78 36 98 25 75 82 90 62 65 39
Stats 84 51 91 60 68 62 86 58 53 47
[M22/Extc/5M][N22/Extc/6M][M23/Extc/6M]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑦 (𝑥 − 𝑥)2 (𝑦 − 𝑦)2 (𝑥 − 𝑥)(𝑦 − 𝑦)
78 84 13 18 169 324 234
36 51 -29 -15 841 225 435
98 91 33 25 1089 625 825
25 60 -40 -6 1600 16 240
75 68 10 2 100 4 20
82 62 17 -4 289 16 -68
90 86 25 20 625 400 500
62 58 -3 -8 9 64 24
65 53 0 -13 0 169 0
39 47 -26 -19 676 361 494
650 660 0 0 5398 2224 2704
∑𝑥 650
𝑥= = = 65
𝑁 10
∑𝑦 660
𝑦= = = 66
𝑁 10
∑(𝑥−𝑥)(𝑦−𝑦) 2704
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) = = = 270.4
𝑁 10
∑(𝑥−𝑥)2 5398
𝜎𝑥 = √ =√ = 23.2336
𝑁 10
∑(𝑦−𝑦)2 2224
𝜎𝑦 = √ =√ = 14.9131
𝑁 10
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥,𝑦) 270.4
𝑟= = = 0.7804
𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦 23.2336×14.9131

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Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
12. Find the coefficient of correlation between X and Y
X 14 8 10 11 9 13 5
Y 14 9 11 13 11 12 4
[N13/Biot/6M]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 − 𝐴 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦 − 𝐵 𝑑𝑥2 𝑑𝑦2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
14 14 4 3 16 9 12
8 9 -2 -2 4 4 4
10 11 0 0 0 0 0
11 13 1 2 1 4 2
9 11 -1 0 1 0 0
13 12 3 1 9 1 3
5 4 -5 -7 25 49 35
70 74 0 -3 56 67 56
∑𝑥 70
𝑥= = = 10 (𝐴 = 10)
𝑁 7
∑𝑦 74
𝑦= = = 10.57 (𝐵 = 11)
𝑁 7
∑ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 ∑ 𝑑𝑥 ∑ 𝑑𝑦 56 0 3
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) = −( )( )= − ( ) (− ) = 8
𝑁 𝑁 𝑁 7 7 7
∑ 𝑑𝑥2 ∑ 𝑑𝑥 2 56 0 2
𝜎𝑥 = √ −( ) = √ 7 − (7) = 2.8284
𝑁 𝑁
2
∑ 𝑑𝑦 ∑ 𝑑𝑦 2 67 −3 2
𝜎𝑦 = √ −( ) = √ 7 − ( 7 ) = 3.0639
𝑁 𝑁
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥,𝑦) 8
𝑟= = = 0.9232
𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦 2.8284×3.0639

13. Calculate coefficient of correlation between X and Y from the following

X 8 8 7 5 6 2
Y 3 4 10 13 22 8
[N17/Comp/6M]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑥𝑦
8 3 64 9 24
8 4 64 16 32
7 10 49 100 70
5 13 25 169 65
6 22 36 484 132
2 8 4 64 16
36 60 242 842 339
∑𝑥 36
𝑥= = =6
𝑁 6
∑𝑦 60
𝑦= = = 10 AR
𝑁 6

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Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
∑ 𝑥𝑦 339
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) = − 𝑥. 𝑦 = − (6)(10) = −3.5
𝑁 6
∑ 𝑥2 242
𝜎𝑥 = √ − (𝑥)2 = √ − (6)2 = 2.0817
𝑁 6
∑ 𝑦2 842
𝜎𝑦 = √ − (𝑦)2 = √ − (10)2 = 6.3509
𝑁 6
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥,𝑦) −3.5
𝑟= = = −0.2647
𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦 2.0817×6.3509

14. Calculate the coefficient of correlation between 𝑥 & 𝑦 from the data
𝑥 51 54 56 59 65 60 70
𝑦 38 44 33 36 33 23 13
[M22/Elect/5M]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 − 𝐴 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦 − 𝐵 𝑑𝑥2 𝑑𝑦2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
51 38 -9 7 81 49 -63
54 44 -6 13 36 169 -78
56 33 -4 2 16 4 -8
59 36 -1 5 1 25 -5
65 33 5 2 25 4 10
60 23 0 -8 0 64 0
70 13 10 -18 100 324 -180
415 220 -5 3 259 639 -324
∑𝑥 415
𝑥= = = 59.2857 (𝐴 = 60)
𝑁 7
∑𝑦 220
𝑦= = = 31.4286 (𝐵 = 31)
𝑁 7
∑ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 ∑ 𝑑𝑥 ∑ 𝑑𝑦 −324 −5 3
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) = −( )( )= − ( ) ( ) = −45.9796
𝑁 𝑁 𝑁 7 7 7
∑ 𝑑𝑥2 ∑ 𝑑𝑥 2 259 −5 2
𝜎𝑥 = √ −( ) =√ − ( ) = 6.0407
𝑁 𝑁 7 7
2
∑ 𝑑𝑦 ∑ 𝑑𝑦 2 639 3 2
𝜎𝑦 = √ −( ) =√ − ( ) = 9.5447
𝑁 𝑁 7 7
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥,𝑦) −45.9796
𝑟= = = −0.7975
𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦 6.0407×9.5447

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15. Calculate the coefficient of correlation between x and y from the following data
x 12 9 8 10 11 13 7
y 14 8 6 9 11 12 3
[N18/IT/6M]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑥𝑦
12 14 144 196 168
9 8 81 64 72
8 6 64 36 48
10 9 100 81 90
11 11 121 121 121
13 12 169 144 156
7 3 49 9 21
70 63 728 651 676
∑𝑥 70
𝑥= = = 10
𝑁 7
∑𝑦 63
𝑦= = =9
𝑁 7
∑ 𝑥𝑦 676
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) = − 𝑥. 𝑦 = − (10)(9) = 6.5714
𝑁 7
∑ 𝑥2 728
𝜎𝑥 = √ − (𝑥)2 = √ − (10)2 = 2
𝑁 7
∑ 𝑦2 651
𝜎𝑦 = √ − (𝑦)2 = √ − (9)2 = 3.4641
𝑁 7
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥,𝑦) 6.5714
𝑟= = = 0.9485
𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦 2×3.4641

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16. Find the coefficient of correlation between X and Y
X 62 64 65 69 70 71 72 74
Y 126 125 139 145 165 152 180 208
[M14/ChemBiot/6M][N16/ChemBiot/6M][N19/Biot/6M]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 − 𝐴 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦 − 𝐵 𝑑𝑥2 𝑑𝑦2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
62 126 -8 -29 64 841 232
64 125 -6 -30 36 900 180
65 139 -5 -16 25 256 80
69 145 -1 -10 1 100 10
70 165 0 10 0 100 0
71 152 1 -3 1 9 -3
72 180 2 25 4 625 50
74 208 4 53 16 2809 212
547 1240 -13 0 147 5640 761
∑𝑥 547
𝑥= = = 68.375 (𝐴 = 70)
𝑁 8
∑𝑦 1240
𝑦= = = 155 (𝐵 = 155)
𝑁 8
∑ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 ∑ 𝑑𝑥 ∑ 𝑑𝑦 761 −13 0
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) = −( )( )= −( ) (8) = 95.125
𝑁 𝑁 𝑁 8 8
∑ 𝑑𝑥2 ∑ 𝑑𝑥 2 147 13 2
𝜎𝑥 = √ −( ) =√ − (− ) = 3.9667
𝑁 𝑁 8 8
2
∑ 𝑑𝑦 ∑ 𝑑𝑦 2 5640 0 2
𝜎𝑦 = √ −( ) =√ − ( ) = 26.5518
𝑁 𝑁 8 8
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥,𝑦) 95.125
𝑟= = = 0.9032
𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦 3.9667×26.5518

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S.E/Paper Solutions 12 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
17. The following marks have been obtained by a class of students in statistics
Paper I 80 45 55 56 58 60 65 68 70 75 85
Paper II 81 56 50 48 60 62 64 65 70 74 90
Compute the coefficient of correlation for the above data
[M15/ChemBiot/8M]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 − 𝐴 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦 − 𝐵 𝑑𝑥2 𝑑𝑦2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
80 81 15 16 225 256 240
45 56 -20 -9 400 81 180
55 50 -10 -15 100 225 150
56 48 -9 -17 81 289 153
58 60 -7 -5 49 25 35
60 62 -5 -3 25 9 15
65 64 0 -1 0 1 0
68 65 3 0 9 0 0
70 70 5 5 25 25 25
75 74 10 9 100 81 90
85 90 20 25 400 625 500
717 720 2 5 1414 1617 1388
∑𝑥 717
𝑥= = = 65.1818 (𝐴 = 65)
𝑁 11
∑𝑦 720
𝑦= = = 65.4545 (𝐵 = 65)
𝑁 11
∑ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 ∑ 𝑑𝑥 ∑ 𝑑𝑦 1388 2 5
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) = −( )( )= − ( ) ( ) = 126.0992
𝑁 𝑁 𝑁 11 11 11
∑ 𝑑𝑥2 ∑ 𝑑𝑥 2 1414 2 2
𝜎𝑥 = √ −( ) =√ − ( ) = 11.3363
𝑁 𝑁 11 11
2
∑ 𝑑𝑦 ∑ 𝑑𝑦 2 1617 5 2
𝜎𝑦 = √ −( ) =√ − ( ) = 12.1158
𝑁 𝑁 11 11
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥,𝑦) 126.0992
𝑟= = = 0.9181
𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦 11.3363×12.1158

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Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
18. Calculate coefficient of correlation from the following data
𝑥 30 33 25 10 33 75 40 85 90 95 65 55
𝑦 68 65 80 85 70 30 55 18 15 10 35 45
[N15/CompIT/6M]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑦 (𝑥 − 𝑥)2 (𝑦 − 𝑦)2 (𝑥 − 𝑥)(𝑦 − 𝑦)
30 68 -23 20 529 400 -460
33 65 -20 17 400 289 -340
25 80 -28 32 784 1024 -896
10 85 -43 37 1849 1369 -1591
33 70 -20 22 400 484 -440
75 30 22 -18 484 324 -396
40 55 -13 7 169 49 -91
85 18 32 -30 1024 900 -960
90 15 37 -33 1369 1089 -1221
95 10 42 -38 1764 1444 -1596
65 35 12 -13 144 169 -156
55 45 2 -3 4 9 -6
636 576 0 0 8920 7550 -8152
∑𝑥 636
𝑥= = = 53
𝑁 12
∑𝑦 576
𝑦= = = 48
𝑁 12
∑(𝑥−𝑥)(𝑦−𝑦) −8152
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) = = = −679.3333
𝑁 12
∑(𝑥−𝑥)2 8920
𝜎𝑥 = √ =√ = 27.2641
𝑁 12
∑(𝑦−𝑦)2 7550
𝜎𝑦 = √ =√ = 25.0832
𝑁 12
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥,𝑦) −679.3333
𝑟= = = −0.9934
𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦 27.2641×25.0832

AR

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Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
19. Soil temperature (𝑥) and germination interval (𝑦) for winter wheat in 12 places are as
follows: Find r.
𝑥 (𝑖𝑛 ℉) 57 42 38 42 45 42 44 40 46 44 43 40
𝑦 (𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠) 10 26 41 29 27 27 19 18 19 31 29 33
[N15/MechCivil/6M]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 − 𝐴 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦 − 𝐵 𝑑𝑥2 𝑑𝑦2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
57 10 13 -16 169 256 -208
42 26 -2 0 4 0 0
38 41 -6 15 36 225 -90
42 29 -2 3 4 9 -6
45 27 1 1 1 1 1
42 27 -2 1 4 1 -2
44 19 0 -7 0 49 0
40 18 -4 -8 16 64 32
46 19 2 -7 4 49 -14
44 31 0 5 0 25 0
43 29 -1 3 1 9 -3
40 33 -4 7 16 49 -28
523 309 -5 -3 255 737 -318
∑𝑥 523
𝑥= = = 43.5833 (𝐴 = 44)
𝑁 12
∑𝑦 309
𝑦= = = 25.75 (𝐵 = 26)
𝑁 12
∑ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 ∑ 𝑑𝑥 ∑ 𝑑𝑦 −318 −5 −3
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) = −( )( )= − ( ) ( ) = −26.6042
𝑁 𝑁 𝑁 12 12 12
∑ 𝑑𝑥2 ∑ 𝑑𝑥 2 255 −5 2
𝜎𝑥 = √ −( ) = √ 12 − ( 12 ) = 4.5909
𝑁 𝑁
2
∑ 𝑑𝑦 ∑ 𝑑𝑦 2 737 −3 2
𝜎𝑦 = √ −( ) = √ 12 − ( 12 ) = 7.8329
𝑁 𝑁
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥,𝑦) −26.6042
𝑟= = = −0.7398
𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦 4.5909×7.8329

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Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
20. Calculate Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation between expenditure and sales from
data given
Advertising Expenses 39 65 62 90 82 75 25 98 36 78
(‘000 Rs)
Sales 47 53 58 86 62 68 60 91 51 84
(Lakhs of Rupees)
[N18/Elex/6M]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑦 (𝑥 − 𝑥)2 (𝑦 − 𝑦)2 (𝑥 − 𝑥)(𝑦 − 𝑦)
39 47 -26 -19 676 361 494
65 53 0 -13 0 169 0
62 58 -3 -8 9 64 24
90 86 25 20 625 400 500
82 62 17 -4 289 16 -68
75 68 10 2 100 4 20
25 60 -40 -6 1600 36 240
98 91 33 25 1089 625 825
36 51 -29 -15 841 225 435
78 84 13 18 169 324 234
650 660 0 0 5398 2224 2704
∑𝑥 650
𝑥= = = 65
𝑁 10
∑𝑦 660
𝑦= = = 66
𝑁 10
∑(𝑥−𝑥)(𝑦−𝑦) 2704
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) = = = 270.4
𝑁 10
∑(𝑥−𝑥)2 5398
𝜎𝑥 = √ =√ = 23.2336
𝑁 10
∑(𝑦−𝑦)2 2224
𝜎𝑦 = √ =√ = 14.9131
𝑁 10
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥,𝑦) 270.4
𝑟= = = 0.7804
𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦 23.2336×14.9131

21. Calculate the correlation coefficient between 𝑥 and 𝑦 from the following data:
𝑁 = 10, ∑ 𝑥 = 140, ∑ 𝑦 = 150, ∑(𝑥 − 10)2 = 180, ∑(𝑦 − 15)2 = 215,
∑(𝑥 − 10)(𝑦 − 15) = 60
[M19/Elex/5M]
Solution:
We have,
∑𝑥 140
𝑥= = = 14
𝑁 10
∑𝑦 150
𝑦= = = 15
𝑁 10
∑(𝑥 − 10) = 1802 AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 16 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
∑(𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 + 100) = 180
∑ 𝑥 2 − 20 ∑ 𝑥 + 100 ∑ 1 = 180
∑ 𝑥 2 − 20(140) + 100(10) = 180 ∵ ∑ 1 = 𝑁 = 10
∑ 𝑥 2 = 1980
∑ 𝑥2 1980
∴ 𝜎𝑥 = √ − (𝑥)2 = √ − (14)2 = 1.4142
𝑁 10
∑(𝑦 − 15) = 215 2

∑(𝑦 2 − 30𝑦 + 225) = 215

∑ 𝑦 2 − 30 ∑ 𝑦 + 225 ∑ 1 = 215
∑ 𝑦 2 − 30(150) + 225(10) = 215 ∵ ∑ 1 = 𝑁 = 10
∑ 𝑦 2 = 2465
∑ 𝑦2 2465
∴ 𝜎𝑦 = √ − (𝑦)2 = √ − (15)2 = 4.6368
𝑁 10
∑(𝑥 − 10)(𝑦 − 15) = 60
∑(𝑥𝑦 − 15𝑥 − 10𝑦 + 150) = 60
∑ 𝑥𝑦 − 15 ∑ 𝑥 − 10𝑦 + 150 ∑ 1 = 60
∑ 𝑥𝑦 − 15(140) − 10(150) + 150(10) = 60
∑ 𝑥𝑦 = 2160
∑ 𝑥𝑦 2160
∴ 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) = − (𝑥)(𝑦) = − (14)(15) = 6
𝑁 10
Thus,
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥,𝑦) 6
𝑟= = = 0.9150
𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦 1.4142×4.6368

22. Find the coefficient of correlation from the following data:

𝑁 = 10, ∑ 𝑋 = 225, ∑ 𝑌 = 189, ∑(𝑋 − 22)2 = 85, ∑(𝑌 − 19)2 = 25,
∑(𝑋 − 22)(𝑌 − 19) = 42
[M18/Elex/5M]
Solution:
We have,
∑𝑋 225
𝑋= = = 22.5
𝑁 10
∑𝑌 189
𝑌= = = 18.9
𝑁 10
∑(𝑋 − 22) = 85 2

∑(𝑋 2 − 44𝑋 + 484) = 85

∑ 𝑋 2 − 44 ∑ 𝑋 + 484 ∑ 1 = 85
∑ 𝑋 2 − 44(225) + 484(10) = 85 ∵ ∑ 1 = 𝑁 = 10
∑ 𝑋 2 = 5145
∑ 𝑋2 2 5145
∴ 𝜎𝑥 = √ − (𝑋) = √ − (22.5)2 = 2.8723
𝑁 10
∑(𝑌 − 19) = 25 2
AR

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Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
∑(𝑌 2 − 38𝑌 + 361) = 25
∑ 𝑌 2 − 38 ∑ 𝑌 + 361 ∑ 1 = 25
∑ 𝑌 2 − 38(189) + 361(10) = 25 ∵ ∑ 1 = 𝑁 = 10
∑ 𝑌 2 = 3597
∑ 𝑌2 2 3597
∴ 𝜎𝑦 = √ − (𝑌) = √ − (18.9)2 = 1.5780
𝑁 10
∑(𝑋 − 22)(𝑌 − 19) = 42
∑(𝑋𝑌 − 19𝑋 − 22𝑌 + 418) = 42
∑ 𝑋𝑌 − 19 ∑ 𝑋 − 22 ∑ 𝑌 + 418 ∑ 1 = 42
∑ 𝑋𝑌 − 19(225) − 22(189) + 418(10) = 42
∑ 𝑋𝑌 = 4295
∑ 𝑋𝑌 4295
∴ 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) = − (𝑋)(𝑌) = − (22.5)(18.9) = 4.25
𝑁 10
Thus,
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥,𝑦) 4.25
𝑟= = = 0.9377
𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦 2.8723×1.5780

23. The value of coefficient of correlation lies between

[M22/Extc/2M] Ans. −1 & 1
24. If two variables oppose each other, then the correlation will be
[M22/MechCivil/2M] Ans. negative
25. You are given the following information relating to a frequency distribution comprising
10 observations:
𝑥 = 5.5, 𝑦 = 4.0, ∑ 𝑥 2 = 385, ∑ 𝑦 2 = 192, ∑(𝑥 + 𝑦)2 = 947. Find r
Ans. – 0.6812

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Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
Type II: Spearman’s Rank Correlation (R)
1. Calculate Spearman’s Rank Correlation from the following :
X: 12 17 22 27 32
Y: 113 119 117 115 121
[M19/MechCivil/5M][N22/Chem/5M][J23/CompIT/5M]
Solution:
X Y 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖 = 𝑅1 − 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖2
12 113 5 5 0 0
17 119 4 2 2 4
22 117 3 3 0 0
27 115 2 4 -2 4
32 121 1 1 0 0
Total 8
6 ∑ 𝑑𝑖2
𝑅 =1−
𝑁3 −𝑁
6×8
𝑅 =1− 3
5 −5
𝑅 = 0.6

2. What is rank correlation? Obtain the rank correlation coefficient for the following data:
X: 10 12 18 18 15 40
Y: 12 18 25 25 50 25
[N13/Chem/7M][M14/MechCivil/6M][N18/Extc/6M][N18/M19/MTRX/6M]
[N19/Chem/6M][N22/Elex/6M][M23/Elect/6M]
Solution:
Rank correlation is the method of finding out relation between two variables by means
of ranking.
X Y 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖 = 𝑅1 − 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖2
10 12 6 6 0 0
12 18 5 5 0 0
18 25 2.5 3 -0.5 0.25
18 25 2.5 3 -0.5 0.25
15 50 4 1 3 9
40 25 1 3 -2 4
Total 13.50
Here, 𝑚1 = 2, 𝑚2 = 3
(𝑚3 3
1 −𝑚1 ) (𝑚2 −𝑚2 )
6[∑ 𝑑𝑖2 + + ]
12 12
𝑅 =1−
𝑁3 −𝑁
(23 −2) (33 −3)
6[13.5+ + ]
12 12
𝑅 =1− = 0.5429
63 −6
AR

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Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
3. From the following data calculate Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient between X
and Y
X: 18 20 34 52 12
Y: 39 23 35 18 46
[M16/CompIT/5M][M18/Biot/6M][N19/Elex/5M][M22/MTRX/5M]
[M23DSE/CompIT/6M][M23/MechCivil/6M]
Solution:
X Y 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖 = 𝑅1 − 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖2
18 39 4 2 2 4
20 23 3 4 -1 1
34 35 2 3 -1 1
52 18 1 5 -4 16
12 46 5 1 4 16
Total 38
6 ∑ 𝑑𝑖2
𝑅 =1−
𝑁3 −𝑁
6×38
𝑅 =1− 3
5 −5
𝑅 = −0.9

AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 20 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
4. Calculate R and r from the following data:
X: 12 17 22 27 32
Y: 113 119 117 115 121
[M17/CompIT/6M][M18/Extc/8M][N19/MechCivil/5M][M22/Elex/5M]
Solution:
X Y 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖 = 𝑅1 − 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖2
12 113 5 5 0 0
17 119 4 2 2 4
22 117 3 3 0 0
27 115 2 4 -2 4
32 121 1 1 0 0
Total 8
6 ∑ 𝑑𝑖2
𝑅 =1−
𝑁3 −𝑁
6×8
𝑅 =1− 3
5 −5
𝑅 = 0.6
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑦 (𝑥 − 𝑥)2 (𝑦 − 𝑦)2 (𝑥 − 𝑥)(𝑦 − 𝑦)
12 113 -10 -4 100 16 40
17 119 -5 2 25 4 -10
22 117 0 0 0 0 0
27 115 5 -2 25 4 -10
32 121 10 4 100 16 40
110 585 0 0 250 40 60
∑𝑥 110
𝑥= = = 22
𝑁 5
∑𝑦 585
𝑦= = = 117
𝑁 5
∑(𝑥−𝑥)(𝑦−𝑦) 60
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) = = = 12
𝑁 5
∑(𝑥−𝑥)2 250
𝜎𝑥 = √ =√ = 5√2
𝑁 5
∑(𝑦−𝑦)2 40
𝜎𝑦 = √ =√ = 2√2
𝑁 5
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥,𝑦) 12
𝑟= = = 0.6
𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦 5√2×2√2

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Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
5. From the following data calculate the coefficient of rank correlation between X and Y
X 32 55 49 60 43 37 43 49 10 20
Y 40 30 70 20 30 50 72 60 45 25
[M16/MechCivil/6M][N17/MTRX/6M][N22/Extc/6M][N22/CompITAI/5M]
Solution:
X Y 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖 = 𝑅1 − 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖2
32 40 8 6 2 4
55 30 2 7.5 -5.5 30.25
49 70 3.5 2 -1.5 2.25
60 20 1 10 -9 81
43 30 5.5 7.5 -2 4
37 50 7 4 3 9
43 72 5.5 1 4.5 20.25
49 60 3.5 3 0.5 0.25
10 45 10 5 5 25
20 25 9 9 0 0
Total 176
Here, 𝑚1 = 2, 𝑚2 = 2, 𝑚3 = 2
(𝑚3 3 3
1 −𝑚1 ) (𝑚2 −𝑚2 ) (𝑚3 −𝑚3 )
6[∑ 𝑑𝑖2 + + + ]
12 12 12
𝑅 =1−
𝑁 3 −𝑁
(23 −2) (23 −2) (23 −2)
6[176+ + + ]
12 12 12
𝑅 =1−
103 −10
𝑅 = −0.0758

AR

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Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
6. Calculate the value of rank correlation coefficient form the following data regarding the
marks of 6 students in statistics and accountancy in a test
Marks in Statistics 40 42 45 35 36 39
Marks in Accountancy 46 43 44 39 40 43
[N14/MechCivil/6M][M19/IT/5M][N19/MTRX/6M]
Solution:
X Y 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖 = 𝑅1 − 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖2
40 46 3 1 2 4
42 43 2 3.5 -1.5 2.25
45 44 1 2 -1 1
35 39 6 6 0 0
36 40 5 5 0 0
39 43 4 3.5 0.5 0.25
Total 7.50
Here, 𝑚1 = 2
(𝑚3
1 −𝑚1 )
6[∑ 𝑑𝑖2 + ]
12
𝑅 =1−
𝑁3 −𝑁
(23 −2)
6[7.5+ ]
12
𝑅 =1−
63 −6
𝑅 = 0.7714

7. What is Rank correlation? Obtain the rank correlation coefficient for the following data
(x) 68 64 75 50 64 80 75 40 55 64
(y) 62 58 68 45 81 60 68 48 50 70
[N19/Comp/6M]
Solution:
X Y 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖 = 𝑅1 − 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖2
68 62 7 6 1 1
64 58 5 4 1 1
75 68 8.5 7.5 1 1
50 45 2 1 1 1
64 81 5 10 -5 25
80 60 10 5 5 25
75 68 8.5 7.5 1 1
40 48 1 2 -1 1
55 50 3 3 0 0
64 70 5 9 -4 16
Total 72
Here, 𝑚1 = 3, 𝑚2 = 2, 𝑚3 = 2
AR

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Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
(𝑚3 3 3
1 −𝑚1 ) (𝑚2 −𝑚2 ) (𝑚3 −𝑚3 )
6[∑ 𝑑𝑖2 + + + ]
12 12 12
𝑅 =1−
𝑁 3 −𝑁
(33 −3) (23 −2) (23 −2)
6[72+ + + ]
12 12 12
𝑅 =1−
103 −10
𝑅 = 0.5454

8. Calculate Spearman’s Rank Correlation from the following :

X: 36 56 20 42 33 44 50 15 60
Y: 50 35 70 58 75 60 45 80 38
[N15/ChemBiot/6M][M16/ChemBiot/6M][N17/M18/N18/Chem/6M]
Solution:
X Y 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖 = 𝑅1 − 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖2
36 50 6 6 0 0
56 35 2 9 -7 49
20 70 8 3 5 25
42 58 5 5 0 0
33 75 7 2 5 25
44 60 4 4 0 0
50 45 3 7 -4 16
15 80 9 1 8 64
60 38 1 8 -7 49
Total 228
6 ∑ 𝑑𝑖2
𝑅 =1−
𝑁3 −𝑁
6×228
𝑅 =1− 3
9 −9
𝑅 = −0.9

AR

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Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
9. Calculate Spearman’s coefficient of rank correlation from the data on height and weight
of 8 students
X 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74
Y 92 83 101 110 128 119 137 146
[N16/MechCivil/6M][M17/MechCivil/6M]
Solution:
X Y 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖 = 𝑅1 − 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖2
60 92 8 7 1 1
62 83 7 8 -1 1
64 101 6 6 0 0
66 110 5 5 0 0
68 128 4 3 1 1
70 119 3 4 -1 1
72 137 2 2 0 0
74 146 1 1 0 0
Total 4
6 ∑ 𝑑𝑖2
𝑅 =1−
𝑁3 −𝑁
6×4
𝑅 =1− 3
8 −8
𝑅 = 0.9524

10. Calculate Spearman’s coefficient of rank correlation between x and y

X 60 30 37 30 42 37 55 45
Y 50 25 33 27 40 33 50 42
[N18/Comp/6M]
Solution:
X Y 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖 = 𝑅1 − 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖2
60 50 8 7.5 0.5 0.25
30 25 1.5 1 0.5 0.25
37 33 3.5 3.5 0 0
30 27 1.5 2 -0.5 0.25
42 40 5 5 0 0
37 33 3.5 3.5 0 0
55 50 7 7.5 -0.5 0.25
45 42 6 6 0 0
Total 1
Here, 𝑚1 = 2, 𝑚2 = 2, 𝑚3 = 2, 𝑚4 = 2
(𝑚3 3 3 3
1 −𝑚1 ) (𝑚2 −𝑚2 ) (𝑚3 −𝑚3 ) 𝑚4 −𝑚4
6[∑ 𝑑𝑖2 + + + + ]
12 12 12 12
𝑅 =1−
𝑁3 −𝑁
AR

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Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
(23 −2) (23 −2) (23 −2) 23 −2
6[1+ + + + ]
12 12 12 12
𝑅 =1−
83 −8
𝑅 = 0.9643

11. Compute Spearman’s Rank correlation coefficient from the following data:
X 85 74 85 50 65 78 74 60 74 90
Y 78 91 78 58 60 72 80 55 68 70
[M18/Comp/6M][M23/CompIT/5M]
Solution:
X Y 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖 = 𝑅1 − 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖2
85 78 8.5 7.5 1 1
74 91 5 10 -5 25
85 78 8.5 7.5 1 1
50 58 1 2 -1 1
65 60 3 3 0 0
78 72 7 6 1 1
74 80 5 9 -4 16
60 55 2 1 1 1
74 68 5 4 1 1
90 70 10 5 5 25
Total 72
Here, 𝑚1 = 3, 𝑚2 = 2, 𝑚3 = 2
(𝑚3 3 3
1 −𝑚1 ) (𝑚2 −𝑚2 ) (𝑚3 −𝑚3 )
6[∑ 𝑑𝑖2 + + + ]
12 12 12
𝑅 =1−
𝑁 3 −𝑁
(33 −3) (23 −2) (23 −2)
6[72+ + + ]
12 12 12
𝑅 =1−
103 −10
𝑅 = 0.5455

AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 26 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
12. Calculate Spearman’s coefficient of rank correlation from the data on height and weight
of 8 students
X 53 98 95 81 75 61 59 55
Y 47 25 32 37 30 40 39 45
[M22/Chem/5M]
Solution:
X Y 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖 = 𝑅1 − 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖2
53 47 8 1 7 49
98 25 1 8 -7 49
95 32 2 6 -4 16
81 37 3 5 -2 4
75 30 4 7 -3 9
61 40 5 3 2 4
59 39 6 4 2 4
55 45 7 2 5 25
Total 160
6 ∑ 𝑑𝑖2
𝑅 =1−
𝑁3 −𝑁
6×160
𝑅 =1− 3
8 −8
𝑅 = −0.9048

13. Calculate rank correlation coefficient between marks of Test 1 and Test 2
Test 1 52 63 45 36 72 65 45 25
Test 2 52 53 51 25 79 43 60 33
[M22/Elect/5M]
Solution:
X Y 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖 = 𝑅1 − 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖2
52 52 4 4 0 0
63 53 3 3 0 0
45 51 5.5 5 0.5 0.25
36 25 7 8 -1 1
72 79 1 1 0 0
65 43 2 6 -4 16
45 60 5.5 2 3.5 12.25
25 33 8 7 1 1
Total 30.50
Here, 𝑚1 = 2
(𝑚3
1 −𝑚1 )
6[∑ 𝑑𝑖2 + ]
12
𝑅 =1−
𝑁3 −𝑁
AR

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Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
(23 −2)
6[30.50+ ]
12
𝑅 =1−
83 −8
𝑅 = 0.6309

14. The rank correlation coefficient of the following data is

X 23 25 27 29 31 33
Y 43 45 47 49 51 53
[M22/Extc/2M]
Solution:
X Y 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖 = 𝑅1 − 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖2
23 43 6 6 0 0
25 45 5 5 0 0
27 47 4 4 0 0
29 49 3 3 0 0
31 51 2 2 0 0
33 53 1 1 0 0
Total 0
6 ∑ 𝑑𝑖2
𝑅 =1−
𝑁3 −𝑁
6×0
𝑅 =1− 3
6 −6
𝑅=1

15. The following results of ranks were recorded for 11 students. Find Spearman’s rank
correlation coefficient between the ranks obtained
Pre-module Post-module
18 22
21 25
16 17
22 24
19 16
24 29
17 20
21 23
23 19
18 20
14 15
[M22/MechCivil/5M]

AR

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Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
Solution:
X Y 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖 = 𝑅1 − 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖2
18 22 4.5 7 -2.5 6.25
21 25 7.5 10 -2.5 6.25
16 17 2 3 -1 1
22 24 9 9 0 0
19 16 6 2 4 16
24 29 11 11 0 0
17 20 3 5.5 -2.5 6.25
21 23 7.5 8 -0.5 0.25
23 19 9 4 5 25
18 20 4.5 5.5 -1 1
14 15 1 1 0 0
Total 62
Here, 𝑚1 = 2, 𝑚2 = 2, 𝑚3 = 2
(𝑚3 3 3
1 −𝑚1 ) (𝑚2 −𝑚2 ) (𝑚3 −𝑚3 )
6[∑ 𝑑𝑖2 + + + ]
12 12 12
𝑅 =1−
𝑁 3 −𝑁
(23 −2) (23 −2) (23 −2)
6[62+ + + ]
12 12 12
𝑅 =1−
113 −11
𝑅 = 0.7114

16. Find the rank correlation coefficient between X and Y

𝑋 17 13 15 16 6 11 14 9 7 12
𝑌 36 46 35 24 12 18 27 22 2 8
[N22/MechCivil/6M]
Solution:
X Y 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖 = 𝑅1 − 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖2
17 36 10 9 1 1
13 46 6 10 -4 16
15 35 8 8 0 0
16 24 9 6 3 9
6 12 1 3 -2 4
11 18 4 4 0 0
14 27 7 7 0 0
9 22 3 5 -2 4
7 2 2 1 1 1
12 8 5 2 3 9
Total 44
6 ∑ 𝑑𝑖2
𝑅 =1− AR
𝑁3 −𝑁

S.E/Paper Solutions 29 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
6×44
𝑅 =1− 3
10 −10
𝑅 = 0.7333

17. Find the rank correlation coefficient of the following data

𝑋 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
𝑌 13 14 12 18 23 17 15 16 21
[M23/Extc/5M]
Solution:
X Y 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖 = 𝑅1 − 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖2
1 13 1 2 -1 1
2 14 2 3 -1 1
3 12 3 1 2 4
4 18 4 7 -3 9
5 23 5 9 -4 16
6 17 6 6 0 0
7 15 7 4 3 9
8 16 8 5 3 9
9 21 9 8 1 1
Total 50
6 ∑ 𝑑𝑖2
𝑅 =1−
𝑁3 −𝑁
6×50
𝑅 =1− 3
9 −9
𝑅 = 0.5833

18. Given 𝑁 = 5, ∑ 𝑑𝑖2 = 8. Find the rank correlation coefficient R

[M22/Elect/2M][M22/Elex/2M]
Solution:
6 ∑ 𝑑𝑖2
𝑅 =1−
𝑁3 −𝑁
6×8
𝑅 =1− 3
5 −5
𝑅 = 0.6

19. Range of Spearman’s Rank correlation coefficient is

[M22/Chem/2M] Ans. −1 ≤ 𝑅 ≤ 1

AR

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Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
Type III: Regression
1. Obtain the line of regression of cost on age from the following table giving the age of a
car of certain make and the annual maintenance cost. Also find the maintenance cost if
age of car is 9 years.
Age of car (in years) : x 2 4 6 8
Maintenance cost (in thousands) : y 5 7 8.5 11
[M14/CompIT/6M]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥𝑦
2 5 4 25 10
4 7 16 49 28
6 8.5 36 72.25 51
8 11 64 121 88
20 31.5 120 267.25 177
∑𝑥 20
𝑥= = =5
𝑁 4
∑𝑦 31.5
𝑦= = = 7.875
𝑁 4
∑𝑥𝑦 177
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) = − 𝑥̅ × 𝑦̅ = − (5)(7.875) = 4.875
𝑁 4
∑𝑥 2 120
𝜎𝑥 = √ − (𝑥̅ )2 = √ − (5)2 = 2.2361
𝑁 4
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥,𝑦) 4.875
𝑏𝑦𝑥 = = (2.2361)2 = 0.975
𝜎𝑥2
Equation of 𝑦 on 𝑥,
(𝑦 − 𝑦) = 𝑏𝑦𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝑥)
(𝑦 − 7.875) = 0.975 (𝑥 − 5)
𝑦 = 0.975𝑥 − 4.875 + 7.875
𝑦 = 0.975𝑥 + 3
If 𝑥 = 9,
Then, 𝑦 = 11.775

2. Table shows the final grades in algebra and physics obtained by 10 students selected at
random from a large group of students. Find two regression equations. If a student
receives a grade of 75 in algebra. What is his expected grade in physics? If a student
receives a grade of 95 in physics what is his expected grade in algebra?
Algebra 75 80 93 65 87 71 98 68 84 77
Physics 82 78 86 72 91 80 95 72 89 74
Ans.𝑦 = 29.129 + 0.6613𝑥, 𝑥 = −14.394 + 1.15𝑦, 79,95

AR

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Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
3. For the following data:
X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Y 9 8 10 12 11 13 14 16 15
Find lines of regression. Show that for 𝑥 = 6.2 the estimated value of 𝑦 = 13.14.
estimate the value of 𝑥 for 𝑦 = 13.14. explain why this value of x differs from 6.2.
Ans.𝑦 = 7.25 + 0.95𝑥, 𝑥 = −6.4 + 0.95𝑦

4. Find the equations of line of regression of Y on X for the following data

X 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Y 11 14 14 15 12 17 16
[N17/Comp/6M][M23DSE/CompIT/8M]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥𝑦
5 11 25 121 55
6 14 36 196 84
7 14 49 196 98
8 15 64 225 120
9 12 81 144 108
10 17 100 289 170
11 16 121 256 176
56 99 476 1427 811
∑𝑥 56
𝑥= = =8
𝑁 7
∑𝑦 99
𝑦= = = 14.1429
𝑁 7
∑ 𝑥.∑ 𝑦 56×99
∑ 𝑥𝑦− 811−
𝑁 7
𝑏𝑦𝑥 = (∑ 𝑥)2
= (56)2
= 0.6786
2
∑𝑥 − 476−
𝑁 7
Equation of 𝑦 on 𝑥,
(𝑦 − 𝑦) = 𝑏𝑦𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝑥)
𝑦 − 14.1429 = 0.6786(𝑥 − 8)
𝑦 = 0.6786𝑥 − 5.4288 + 14.1429
𝑦 = 0.6786𝑥 + 8.7141

AR

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Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
5. A chemical engineer is investigating the effect of process operating temperature X on
product yield Y. The study results in the following data:
X: 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Y: 45 51 54 61 66 70 74 78 85 89
Find the equation of the least square line which will enable to predict yield on the basis
of temperature. Find also the degree of relation between the temperature and the
yield.
[N16/MechCivil/8M][M17/MechCivil/8M][M19/Extc/8M][N22/Elex/8M]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 − 𝐴 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦 − 𝐵 𝑑𝑥2 𝑑𝑦2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
100 45 -45 -22 2025 484 990
110 51 -35 -16 1225 256 560
120 54 -25 -13 625 169 325
130 61 -15 -6 225 36 90
140 66 -5 -1 25 1 5
150 70 5 3 25 9 15
160 74 15 7 225 49 105
170 78 25 11 625 121 275
180 85 35 18 1225 324 630
190 89 45 22 2025 484 990
1450 673 0 3 8250 1933 3985
∑𝑥 1450
𝑥= = = 145 (𝐴 = 145)
𝑁 10
∑𝑦 673
𝑦= = = 67.3 (𝐵 = 67)
𝑁 10
∑ 𝑑𝑥 ∑ 𝑑𝑦 0×3
∑ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 − 3985−
𝑁 10
𝑏𝑦𝑥 = 2 (∑ 𝑑𝑥 )2
= (0)2
= 0.483
∑ 𝑑𝑥 − 8250−
𝑁 10
∑ 𝑑𝑥 ∑ 𝑑𝑦 0×3
∑ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 − 3985−
𝑁 10
𝑏𝑥𝑦 = 2 = (3)2
= 2.0625
∑ 𝑑𝑦2 −(∑ 𝑑𝑦 ) 1933−
10
𝑁
Equation of y on x,
(𝑦 − 𝑦) = 𝑏𝑦𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝑥)
𝑦 − 67.3 = 0.483(𝑥 − 145)
𝑦 = 0.483𝑥 − 70.035 + 67.3
𝑦 = 0.483𝑥 − 2.735
Coefficient of correlation,
𝑟 = √𝑏𝑦𝑥 × 𝑏𝑥𝑦 = √0.483 × 2.0625
𝑟 = 0.9981

AR

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Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
6. A panel of two judges A and B graded dramatic performances by independently
awarding marks as follows.
Performance No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Marks by A 36 32 34 31 31 32 35
Marks by B 35 33 31 30 34 32 36
The eighth performance however which judge B could not attend got 38 marks by
judge A. if judge B had also been present, how many marks would he be expected to
have awarded to the eighth performance? Ans. 37
7. Obtain two lines of regression and coefficient of correlation from the following data:
X 65 66 67 67 68 69 70 72
Y 67 68 65 66 72 72 69 71
[M14/MechCivil/8M][N14/MechCivil/8M][M18/Elect/6M][M22/Extc/5M]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 − 𝐴 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦 − 𝐵 𝑑𝑥2 𝑑𝑦2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
65 67 -3 -1 9 1 3
66 68 -2 0 4 0 0
67 65 -1 -3 1 9 3
67 66 -1 -2 1 4 2
68 72 0 4 0 16 0
69 72 1 4 1 16 4
70 69 2 1 4 1 2
72 71 4 3 16 9 12
544 550 0 6 36 56 26
∑𝑥 544
𝑥= = = 68 (𝐴 = 68)
𝑁 8
∑𝑦 550
𝑦= = = 68.75 (𝐵 = 68)
𝑁 8
∑ 𝑑𝑥 ∑ 𝑑𝑦 0×6
∑ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 − 26−
𝑁 8
𝑏𝑦𝑥 = (∑ 𝑑 𝑥 )2
= (0)2
= 0.7222
∑ 𝑑𝑥2 − 36−
𝑁 8
∑ 𝑑𝑥 ∑ 𝑑𝑦 0×6
∑ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 − 26−
𝑁 8
𝑏𝑥𝑦 = 2 = (6)2
= 0.5049
2− (∑ 𝑑 𝑦 ) 56−
∑ 𝑑𝑦 8
𝑁
Equation of y on x,
(𝑦 − 𝑦) = 𝑏𝑦𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝑥)
𝑦 − 68.75 = 0.7222(𝑥 − 68)
𝑦 = 0.7222𝑥 − 49.1096 + 68.75
𝑦 = 0.7222𝑥 + 19.6404
Equation of x on y,
(𝑥 − 𝑥) = 𝑏𝑥𝑦 (𝑦 − 𝑦)
𝑥 − 68 = 0.5049(𝑦 − 68.75)
𝑥 = 0.5049𝑦 − 34.7119 + 68
𝑥 = 0.5049𝑦 + 33.2881 AR

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Coefficient of correlation,
𝑟 = √𝑏𝑦𝑥 × 𝑏𝑥𝑦 = √0.7222 × 0.5049
𝑟 = 0.6039

8. Obtain the equations of lines of regression for the following data. Also obtain the
estimate of X for Y = 70
X 65 66 67 67 68 69 70 72
Y 67 68 65 66 72 72 69 71
[M18/N18/M19/Biom/8M][M18/Inst/8M][N18/Elect/8M][M19/Inst/8M]
[N19/Elect/8M]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 − 𝐴 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦 − 𝐵 𝑑𝑥2 𝑑𝑦2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
65 67 -3 -1 9 1 3
66 68 -2 0 4 0 0
67 65 -1 -3 1 9 3
67 66 -1 -2 1 4 2
68 72 0 4 0 16 0
69 72 1 4 1 16 4
70 69 2 1 4 1 2
72 71 4 3 16 9 12
544 550 0 6 36 56 26
∑𝑥 544
𝑥= = = 68 (𝐴 = 68)
𝑁 8
∑𝑦 550
𝑦= = = 68.75 (𝐵 = 68)
𝑁 8
∑ 𝑑𝑥 ∑ 𝑑𝑦 0×6
∑ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 − 26−
𝑁 8
𝑏𝑦𝑥 = 2 (∑ 𝑑𝑥 )2
= (0)2
= 0.7222
∑ 𝑑𝑥 − 36−
𝑁 8
∑ 𝑑𝑥 ∑ 𝑑𝑦 0×6
∑ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 − 26−
𝑁 8
𝑏𝑥𝑦 = 2 = (6)2
= 0.5049
∑ 𝑑𝑦2 −(∑ 𝑑𝑦 ) 56−
8
𝑁
Equation of y on x,
(𝑦 − 𝑦) = 𝑏𝑦𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝑥)
𝑦 − 68.75 = 0.7222(𝑥 − 68)
𝑦 = 0.7222𝑥 − 49.1096 + 68.75
𝑦 = 0.7222𝑥 + 19.6404
Equation of x on y,
(𝑥 − 𝑥) = 𝑏𝑥𝑦 (𝑦 − 𝑦)
𝑥 − 68 = 0.5049(𝑦 − 68.75)
𝑥 = 0.5049𝑦 − 34.7119 + 68
𝑥 = 0.5049𝑦 + 33.2881
Now, put 𝑦 = 70
𝑥 = 68.6311 ≈ 69 AR

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Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
9. Obtain the equations of lines of regression for the following data. Also obtain the
estimate of X for Y = 70
X 65 66 67 67 68 69 70 72
Y 67 68 65 68 72 72 69 71
[M23/MechCivil/8M][M23/Extc/8M]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑦 (𝑥 − 𝑥) (𝑦 − 𝑦) (𝑥 − 𝑥)2 (𝑦 − 𝑦)2 (𝑥 − 𝑥)(𝑦 − 𝑦)
65 67 -3 -2 9 4 6
66 68 -2 -1 4 1 2
67 65 -1 -3 1 9 3
67 68 -1 -1 1 1 1
68 72 0 3 0 9 0
69 72 1 3 1 9 3
70 69 2 0 4 0 0
72 71 4 2 16 4 8
544 552 0 0 36 44 24
∑𝑥 544
𝑥= = = 68
𝑁 8
∑𝑦 552
𝑦= = = 69
𝑁 8
∑(𝑥−𝑥)(𝑦−𝑦) 24
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) = = =3
𝑁 8
∑(𝑥−𝑥)2 36
𝜎𝑥 = √ =√ = 2.1213
𝑁 8
∑(𝑦−𝑦)2 44
𝜎𝑦 = √ =√ = 2.3452
𝑁 8
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥,𝑦) 3
𝑏𝑥𝑦 = = = 0.5454
𝜎𝑦2 5.5
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥,𝑦) 3
𝑏𝑦𝑥 = = = 0.6667
𝜎𝑥2 4.5
Equation of y on x,
(𝑦 − 𝑦) = 𝑏𝑦𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝑥)
𝑦 − 69 = 0.6667(𝑥 − 68)
𝑦 = 0.6667𝑥 − 45.3356 + 69
𝑦 = 0.6667𝑥 + 23.6644
Equation of x on y,
(𝑥 − 𝑥) = 𝑏𝑥𝑦 (𝑦 − 𝑦)
𝑥 − 68 = 0.5454(𝑦 − 69)
𝑥 = 0.5454𝑦 − 37.6326 + 68
𝑥 = 0.5454𝑦 + 30.3674
Now, put 𝑦 = 70
𝑥 = 68.5454 ≈ 69
AR

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Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
10. Find the two equations of lines of regression from the following data
x: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
y: 5 9 8 10 11 9 11
Also estimate the value of y for 𝑥 = 8
[M14/ChemBiot/6M]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑥𝑦
1 5 1 25 5
2 9 4 81 18
3 8 9 64 24
4 10 16 100 40
5 11 25 121 55
6 9 36 81 54
7 11 49 121 77
28 63 140 593 273
∑𝑥 28
𝑥= = =4
𝑁 7
∑𝑦 63
𝑦= = =9
𝑁 7
∑ 𝑥.∑ 𝑦 28×63
∑ 𝑥𝑦− 273−
𝑁 7
𝑏𝑦𝑥 = (∑ 𝑥)2
= (28)2
= 0.75
2
∑𝑥 − 140−
𝑁 7
∑ 𝑥.∑ 𝑦 28×63
∑ 𝑥𝑦− 273−
𝑁 7
𝑏𝑥𝑦 = (∑ 𝑦)2
= (63)2
= 0.8077
2
∑𝑦 − 593−
𝑁 7
Equation of y on x,
(𝑦 − 𝑦) = 𝑏𝑦𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝑥)
𝑦 − 9 = 0.75(𝑥 − 4)
𝑦 = 0.75𝑥 − 3 + 9
𝑦 = 0.75𝑥 + 6
If 𝑥 = 8, then 𝑦 = 12
Equation of x on y,
(𝑥 − 𝑥) = 𝑏𝑥𝑦 (𝑦 − 𝑦)
𝑥 − 4 = 0.8077(𝑦 − 9)
𝑥 = 0.8077𝑦 − 7.2693 + 4
𝑥 = 0.8077𝑦 − 3.2693

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S.E/Paper Solutions 37 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
11. Find the equations of lines of regression for the following data. Also find r.
x 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
y 11 14 14 15 12 17 16
[M16/CompIT/6M][N17/Biot/8M][N18/Biot/8M][M19/Elex/6M][M22/Chem/5M]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥𝑦
5 11 25 121 55
6 14 36 196 84
7 14 49 196 98
8 15 64 225 120
9 12 81 144 108
10 17 100 289 170
11 16 121 256 176
56 99 476 1427 811
∑𝑥 56
𝑥= = =8
𝑁 7
∑𝑦 99
𝑦= = = 14.1429
𝑁 7
∑ 𝑥.∑ 𝑦 56×99
∑ 𝑥𝑦− 811−
𝑁 7
𝑏𝑦𝑥 = (∑ 𝑥)2
= (56)2
= 0.6786
2
∑𝑥 − 476−
𝑁 7
∑ 𝑥.∑ 𝑦 56×99
∑ 𝑥𝑦− 811−
𝑁 7
𝑏𝑥𝑦 = (∑ 𝑦)2
= (99)2
= 0.7074
2
∑𝑦 − 1427−
𝑁 7
Equation of y on x,
(𝑦 − 𝑦) = 𝑏𝑦𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝑥)
𝑦 − 14.1429 = 0.6786(𝑥 − 8)
𝑦 = 0.6786𝑥 − 5.4288 + 14.1429
𝑦 = 0.6786𝑥 + 8.7141
Equation of x on y,
(𝑥 − 𝑥) = 𝑏𝑥𝑦 (𝑦 − 𝑦)
𝑥 − 8 = 0.7074(𝑦 − 14.1429)
𝑥 = 0.7074𝑦 − 10.0047 + 8
𝑥 = 0.7074𝑦 − 2.0047
Correlation coefficient,
𝑟 = √𝑏𝑦𝑥 × 𝑏𝑥𝑦
𝑟 = √0.6786 × 0.7074
𝑟 = 0.6929

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S.E/Paper Solutions 38 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
12. Find the line of regression of 𝑌 on 𝑋 for the following data
X 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Y 11 14 14 15 12 17 16
[N22/Elect/6M][M23/Elect/5M]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥𝑦
5 11 25 121 55
6 14 36 196 84
7 14 49 196 98
8 15 64 225 120
9 12 81 144 108
10 17 100 289 170
11 16 121 256 176
56 99 476 1427 811
∑𝑥 56
𝑥= = =8
𝑁 7
∑𝑦 99
𝑦= = = 14.1429
𝑁 7
∑ 𝑥.∑ 𝑦 56×99
∑ 𝑥𝑦− 811−
𝑁 7
𝑏𝑦𝑥 = (∑ 𝑥)2
= (56)2
= 0.6786
2
∑𝑥 − 476−
𝑁 7
∑ 𝑥.∑ 𝑦 56×99
∑ 𝑥𝑦− 811−
𝑁 7
𝑏𝑥𝑦 = (∑ 𝑦)2
= (99)2
= 0.7074
2
∑𝑦 − 1427−
𝑁 7
Equation of y on x,
(𝑦 − 𝑦) = 𝑏𝑦𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝑥)
𝑦 − 14.1429 = 0.6786(𝑥 − 8)
𝑦 = 0.6786𝑥 − 5.4288 + 14.1429
𝑦 = 0.6786𝑥 + 8.7141

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Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
13. Find the line of regression for the following data and estimate y corresponding to 𝑥 =
15.5 :-
x 10 12 13 16 17 20 25
y 19 22 24 27 29 33 37
[M19/Comp/6M][N19/Elex/8M]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 − 𝐴 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦 − 𝐵 𝑑𝑥2 𝑑𝑦2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
10 19 -6 -9 36 81 54
12 22 -4 -6 16 36 24
13 24 -3 -4 9 16 12
16 27 0 -1 0 1 0
17 29 1 1 1 1 1
20 33 4 5 16 25 20
25 37 9 9 81 81 81
113 191 1 -5 159 241 192
∑𝑥 113
𝑥= = = 16.1429 (𝐴 = 16)
𝑁 7
∑𝑦 191
𝑦= = = 27.2857 (𝐵 = 28)
𝑁 7
∑ 𝑑𝑥 ∑ 𝑑𝑦 1×−5
∑ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 − 192−
𝑁 7
𝑏𝑦𝑥 = 2 (∑ 𝑑𝑥 )2
= (1)2
= 1.2131
∑ 𝑑𝑥 − 159−
𝑁 7
∑ 𝑑𝑥 ∑ 𝑑𝑦 1×−5
∑ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 − 192−
𝑁 7
𝑏𝑥𝑦 = 2 = (−5)2
= 0.8117
2− (∑ 𝑑 𝑦) 241−
∑ 𝑑𝑦 7
𝑁
Equation of y on x,
(𝑦 − 𝑦) = 𝑏𝑦𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝑥)
𝑦 − 27.2857 = 1.2131(𝑥 − 16.1429)
𝑦 = 1.2131𝑥 − 19.583 + 27.2857
𝑦 = 1.2131𝑥 + 7.7027
Now, put 𝑥 = 15.5
𝑦 = 26.5058

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S.E/Paper Solutions 40 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
14. Find the coefficient of regression and hence the equations of the lines of regression for
the following data
X 78 36 98 25 75 82 90 62 65 39
Y 84 51 91 60 68 62 86 58 53 47
[M23/CompIT/6M]
Estimate the value of y when x = 50 and also estimate the value of x when y = 90
[M19/MTRX/8M][N19/MTRX/8M]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑦 (𝑥 − 𝑥)2 (𝑦 − 𝑦)2 (𝑥 − 𝑥)(𝑦 − 𝑦)
78 84 13 18 169 324 234
36 51 -29 -15 841 225 435
98 91 33 25 1089 625 825
25 60 -40 -6 1600 36 240
75 68 10 2 100 4 20
82 62 17 -4 289 16 -68
90 86 25 20 625 400 500
62 58 -3 -8 9 64 24
65 53 0 -13 0 169 0
39 47 -26 -19 676 381 494
650 660 0 0 5398 2224 2704
∑𝑥 650
𝑥= = = 65
𝑁 10
∑𝑦 660
𝑦= = = 66
𝑁 10
∑(𝑥−𝑥)(𝑦−𝑦) 2704
𝑏𝑦𝑥 = ∑(𝑥−𝑥)2
= = 0.5
5398
∑(𝑥−𝑥)(𝑦−𝑦) 2704
𝑏𝑥𝑦 = ∑(𝑦−𝑦)2
= = 1.22
2224
Equation of y on x,
(𝑦 − 𝑦) = 𝑏𝑦𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝑥)
𝑦 − 66 = 0.5(𝑥 − 65)
𝑦 = 0.5𝑥 − 32.5 + 66
𝑦 = 0.5𝑥 + 33.5 …………… (1)
Equation of x on y,
(𝑥 − 𝑥) = 𝑏𝑥𝑦 (𝑦 − 𝑦)
𝑥 − 65 = 1.22(𝑦 − 66)
𝑥 = 1.22𝑦 − 80.52 + 65
𝑥 = 1.22𝑦 − 15.52 ………….. (2)
Putting 𝑥 = 50 in eqn (1), we get 𝑦 = 58.5 ≈ 59
Putting 𝑦 = 90 in eqn (2), we get 𝑥 = 94.28 ≈ 94

AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 41 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
15. Find the lines of regression for the following data:
𝑥 78 36 98 25 75 82 90 62 65 39
𝑦 84 51 91 60 68 62 86 58 53 47
[J23/CompIT/8M]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑦 (𝑥 − 𝑥)2 (𝑦 − 𝑦)2 (𝑥 − 𝑥)(𝑦 − 𝑦)
78 84 13 18 169 324 234
36 51 -29 -15 841 225 435
98 91 33 25 1089 625 825
25 60 -40 -6 1600 36 240
75 68 10 2 100 4 20
82 62 17 -4 289 16 -68
90 86 25 20 625 400 500
62 58 -3 -8 9 64 24
65 53 0 -13 0 169 0
39 47 -26 -19 676 381 494
650 660 0 0 5398 2224 2704
∑𝑥 650
𝑥= = = 65
𝑁 10
∑𝑦 660
𝑦= = = 66
𝑁 10
∑(𝑥−𝑥)(𝑦−𝑦) 2704
𝑏𝑦𝑥 = ∑(𝑥−𝑥)2
= = 0.5
5398
∑(𝑥−𝑥)(𝑦−𝑦) 2704
𝑏𝑥𝑦 = ∑(𝑦−𝑦)2
= = 1.22
2224
Equation of y on x,
(𝑦 − 𝑦) = 𝑏𝑦𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝑥)
𝑦 − 66 = 0.5(𝑥 − 65)
𝑦 = 0.5𝑥 − 32.5 + 66
𝑦 = 0.5𝑥 + 33.5
Equation of x on y,
(𝑥 − 𝑥) = 𝑏𝑥𝑦 (𝑦 − 𝑦)
𝑥 − 65 = 1.22(𝑦 − 66)
𝑥 = 1.22𝑦 − 80.52 + 65
𝑥 = 1.22𝑦 − 15.52

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Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
16. Obtain the equation of line of regression of Y on X for the following data and estimate y
corresponding to 𝑋 = 173 :-
X 70 72 74 76 78 80
Y 163 170 179 188 196 200
[N19/Extc/6M]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 − 𝐴 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦 − 𝐵 𝑑𝑥2 𝑑𝑦2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
70 163 -5 -20 25 400 100
72 170 -3 -13 9 169 39
74 179 -1 -4 1 16 4
76 188 1 5 1 25 5
78 196 3 13 9 169 39
80 200 5 17 25 289 85
450 1096 0 -2 70 1068 272
∑𝑥 450
𝑥= = = 75 (𝐴 = 75)
𝑁 6
∑𝑦 1096
𝑦= = = 182.67 (𝐵 = 183)
𝑁 6
∑ 𝑑𝑥 ∑ 𝑑𝑦 0×−2
∑ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 − 272−
𝑁 6
𝑏𝑦𝑥 = (∑ 𝑑 𝑥 )2
= (0)2
= 3.89
∑ 𝑑𝑥2 − 70−
𝑁 6
Equation of y on x,
(𝑦 − 𝑦) = 𝑏𝑦𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝑥)
𝑦 − 182.67 = 3.89(𝑥 − 75)
𝑦 = 3.89𝑥 − 291.75 + 182.67
𝑦 = 3.89𝑥 − 109.08
Putting 𝑥 = 173, we get 𝑦 = 563.89 ≈ 564

17. Find the lines of regression for the following data

𝑋 70 72 74 76 78 80
𝑌 163 170 179 188 196 200
[N22/Chem/8M]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 − 𝐴 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦 − 𝐵 𝑑𝑥2 𝑑𝑦2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
70 163 -5 -20 25 400 100
72 170 -3 -13 9 169 39
74 179 -1 -4 1 16 4
76 188 1 5 1 25 5
78 196 3 13 9 169 39
80 200 5 17 25 289 85
450 1096 0 -2 70 1068 272
∑𝑥 450
𝑥= = = 75 (𝐴 = 75) AR
𝑁 6
S.E/Paper Solutions 43 By: Kashif Shaikh
Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
∑𝑦 1096
𝑦= = = 182.67 (𝐵 = 183)
𝑁 6
∑ 𝑑𝑥 ∑ 𝑑𝑦 0×−2
∑ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 − 272−
𝑁 6
𝑏𝑦𝑥 = 2 (∑ 𝑑𝑥 )2
= (0)2
= 3.89
∑ 𝑑𝑥 − 70−
𝑁 6
∑ 𝑑𝑥 ∑ 𝑑𝑦 0×−2
∑ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 − 272−
𝑁 6
𝑏𝑥𝑦 = 2 = (−2)2
= 0.2548
2− (∑ 𝑑 𝑦 ) 1068−
∑ 𝑑𝑦 6
𝑁
Equation of y on x,
(𝑦 − 𝑦) = 𝑏𝑦𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝑥)
𝑦 − 182.67 = 3.89(𝑥 − 75)
𝑦 = 3.89𝑥 − 291.75 + 182.67
𝑦 = 3.89𝑥 − 109.08
Equation of x on y,
(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ ) = 𝑏𝑥𝑦 (𝑦 − 𝑦̅)
(𝑥 − 75) = 0.2548(𝑦 − 182.67)
𝑥 = 0.2548𝑦 − 46.5443 + 75
𝑥 = 0.2548𝑦 + 28.4557

18. Given the following results of weights (X) and heights (Y) of 1000 men.
𝑥 = 150 𝑙𝑏𝑠, 𝜎𝑥 = 20 𝑙𝑏𝑠, 𝑦 = 68 𝑖𝑛, 𝜎𝑦 = 2.5 𝑖𝑛, 𝑟 = 0.6
John weighs 200 lbs, Smith is 5 ft tall. Estimate height of John and weight of Smith.
From height of John estimate his weight. Why is it different from 200?
Ans. 71.75 in, 111.6 lbs, 168 lbs
19. Given : 6𝑦 = 5𝑥 + 90, 15𝑥 = 8𝑦 + 30, 𝜎𝑥 = 16, find 𝑥 & 𝑦, 𝑟 & 𝜎𝑦2 and angle between
2

the regression lines

[N22/CompITAI/8M]
Solution:
We have,
−5𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 90 ………….(1)
15𝑥 − 8𝑦 = 30 …………(2)
Solving the two equations, we get
𝑥 = 18, 𝑦 = 30
Let the equation of y on x be 6𝑦 = 5𝑥 + 90
5 90
i.e. 𝑦 = 𝑥 +
6 6
5
∴ 𝑏𝑦𝑥 =
6
Let the equation of x on y be 15𝑥 = 8𝑦 + 30
8 30
i.e. 𝑥 = 𝑦 +
15 15
8
∴ 𝑏𝑥𝑦 =
15
Correlation coefficient,
𝑟 = √𝑏𝑦𝑥 × 𝑏𝑥𝑦 AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 44 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
5 8
𝑟=√ ×
6 15
2
𝑟 = = 0.6667
3
Also,
𝜎
𝑏𝑥𝑦 = 𝑟 . 𝑥
𝜎𝑦
8 2 4
= ×
15 3 𝜎𝑦
∴ 𝜎𝑦 = 5
∴ 𝜎𝑦2 = 25
And, angle between the line of regression is given by
1−𝑟 2 𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = ×( )
𝑟 𝜎𝑥2 +𝜎𝑦2
1−0.66672 4×5
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = × ( 2 2)
0.6667 4 +5
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 0.4065
𝜃 = 22.12°

20. State true or false with justification: if two lines of regression are 𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 5 = 0 and
4𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 8 = 0 then the correlation coefficient is +0.5.
[M14/CompIT/5M]
Solution:
Let the equation of y on x be 𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 5 = 0
i.e. 3𝑦 = −𝑥 + 5
1 5
𝑦=− 𝑥+
3 3
1
∴ 𝑏𝑦𝑥 = −
3
Let the equation of x on y be 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 8 = 0
i.e. 4𝑥 = −3𝑦 + 8
3 8
𝑥 =− 𝑦+
4 4
3
∴ 𝑏𝑥𝑦 = −
4
Correlation coefficient,
𝑟 = √𝑏𝑦𝑥 × 𝑏𝑥𝑦
1 3
𝑟 = √− × −
3 4
𝑟 = −0.5
Thus, the given statement is false. If the values of 𝑏𝑦𝑥 and 𝑏𝑥𝑦 are negative then 𝑟 is
also negative.

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Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
21. For the 50 students in the class mean of 𝑋 is 62.4 and Var(𝑋) = 16 and Var(𝑌) = 9.
Regression line of 𝑋 on 𝑌 is 3𝑌– 5𝑋 + 180 = 0. Find (i) Mean of 𝑌 (ii) correlation 𝑟
between 𝑋 and 𝑌 (iii) Regression line of 𝑌 on 𝑋
[M18/Elex/6M]
Solution:
Given:
𝑁 = 50, 𝑋 = 62.4, 𝜎𝑥2 = 16, 𝜎𝑦2 = 9
Line of X on Y is
3𝑌 − 5𝑋 + 180 = 0
Putting 𝑋 = 62.4, we get
𝑌 = 44 i.e. 𝑌 = 44
Also, the above line of X on Y equation can be written as,
−5𝑋 = −3𝑌 − 180
3 180
𝑋= 𝑌+
5 5
3
∴ 𝑏𝑥𝑦 =
5
Now,
𝜎
𝑏𝑥𝑦 = 𝑟 𝑥
𝜎𝑦
3 4
=𝑟
5 3
9
∴ 𝑟 = = 0.45
20
Then,
𝑟 = √𝑏𝑦𝑥 × 𝑏𝑥𝑦
𝑟2 (0.45)2
𝑏𝑦𝑥 = = 3
𝑏𝑥𝑦
5
27
𝑏𝑦𝑥 = = 0.3375
80
Line of Y on X is
(𝑌 − 𝑌) = 𝑏𝑦𝑥 (𝑋 − 𝑋)
(𝑌 − 44) = 0.3375(𝑋 − 62.4)
𝑌 − 44 = 0.3375𝑋 − 21.06
𝑌 = 0.3375𝑋 + 22.94

22. State whether the following statement is true or false with reasoning: “The regression
coefficients between 2𝑥 and 2𝑦 are the same as those between 𝑥 and 𝑦.”
[M17/CompIT/5M]
Solution:
We know that, regression coefficient between x and y is
∑𝑥∑𝑦
∑ 𝑥𝑦−
𝑁
𝑏𝑥𝑦 = (∑ 𝑦)2
∑ 𝑦2−
𝑁
Now, let 𝑢 = 2𝑥 and 𝑣 = 2𝑦 AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 46 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
Then regression coefficient between u and v becomes
∑𝑢∑𝑣
∑ 𝑢𝑣−
𝑁
𝑏𝑢𝑣 = (∑ 𝑣)2
2
∑𝑣 −
𝑁
∑ 2𝑥 ∑ 2𝑦
∑(2𝑥)(2𝑦)−
𝑁
= (∑ 2𝑦)2
∑(2𝑦) − 2
𝑁
∑𝑥∑𝑦
4[∑ 𝑥𝑦− ]
𝑁
= (∑ 𝑦) 2
4[∑ 𝑦 2 − ]
𝑁
∑𝑥∑𝑦
∑ 𝑥𝑦−
𝑁
= (∑ 𝑦)2
∑ 𝑦2−
𝑁
𝑏𝑢𝑣 = 𝑏𝑥𝑦
Thus, the given statement is true that the regression coefficients between 2x and 2y
are same as those between x and y

23. If the arithmetic mean of regression coefficient is 𝑝 and their difference is 2𝑞, find the
correlation coefficient Ans. 𝑝2 − 𝑞 2
24. If the tangent of the angle made by the line of regression of 𝑦 on 𝑥 is 0.6 and
𝜎𝑦 = 2𝜎𝑥 . Find the coefficient of correlation between 𝑥 & 𝑦.
[M15/MechCivil/5M]
Solution:
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 of line y on x is 0.6 i.e slope of line y on x is 0.6
∴ 𝑏𝑦𝑥 = 0.6
We have,
𝜎𝑦
𝑏𝑦𝑥 = 𝑟
𝜎𝑥
(2𝜎𝑥 )
0.6 = 𝑟 since 𝜎𝑦 = 2𝜎𝑥 (given)
𝜎𝑥
0.6 = 2𝑟
∴ 𝑟 = 0.3

25. It is given that the means of 𝑥 and 𝑦 are 5 and 10. If the line of regression of 𝑦 on 𝑥 is
parallel to the line 20𝑦 = 9𝑥 + 40, estimate the value of 𝑦 for 𝑥 = 30.
[M15/CompIT/5M][N15/MechCivil/5M]
Solution:
Given that,
𝑥 = 5, 𝑦 = 10
It is also given that the line of regression of y on x is parallel to the line 20𝑦 = 9𝑥 + 40.
Thus, the slope of the two lines are same
Slope of line y on x is 𝑏𝑦𝑥
9
∴ 𝑏𝑦𝑥 =
20
AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 47 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
Equation of y on x,
(𝑦 − 𝑦) = 𝑏𝑦𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝑥)
9
(𝑦 − 10) = (𝑥 − 5)
20
𝑦 = 0.45𝑥 − 2.25 + 10
𝑦 = 0.45𝑥 + 7.75
When 𝑥 = 30,
𝑦 = 0.45(30) + 7.75
𝑦 = 21.25

26. The given data indicates weights (𝑥) and heights (𝑦) of 1000 men.
𝑥 = 150 𝑙𝑏𝑠, 𝜎𝑥 = 20 𝑙𝑏𝑠, 𝑦 = 68 𝑖𝑛, 𝜎𝑦 = 2.5 𝑖𝑛, 𝑟 = 0.6
John weighs 200 lbs. Find the line of regression of 𝑦 on 𝑥 and estimate height of John
[N22/Elex/5M]
Solution:
𝑁 = 1000
𝑥 = 150
𝜎𝑥 = 20
𝑦 = 68
𝜎𝑦 = 2.5
𝑟 = 0.6
𝜎 20
𝑏𝑥𝑦 = 𝑟 𝑥 = (0.6) × = 4.8
𝜎𝑦 2.5
𝜎𝑦 2.5
𝑏𝑦𝑥 = 𝑟 = (0.6) × = 0.075
𝜎𝑥 20
Equation of Y on X,
(𝑦 − 𝑦) = 𝑏𝑦𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝑥)
(𝑦 − 68) = 0.075(𝑥 − 150)
𝑦 = 0.075𝑥 − 0.075 × 150 + 68
𝑦 = 0.075𝑥 + 56.75
John:
Weight (𝑥) = 200 𝑙𝑏𝑠
Put 𝑥 = 200 in the above equation
𝑦 = 71.75 𝑖𝑛 i.e. height is 71.75 inches

27. Given : 6𝑦 = 5𝑥 + 90, 15𝑥 = 8𝑦 + 30, 𝜎𝑥2 = 16, find 𝑥 & 𝑦, 𝑟 & 𝜎𝑦2
[N17/MTRX/6M][M19/IT/6M][N19/IT/5M][N19/Inst/6M][M22/MTRX/5M]
[M22/Elex/5M]
Solution:
We have,
−5𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 90 ………….(1)
15𝑥 − 8𝑦 = 30 …………(2)
Solving the two equations, we get AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 48 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
𝑥 = 18, 𝑦 = 30
Let the equation of y on x be 6𝑦 = 5𝑥 + 90
5 90
i.e. 𝑦 = 𝑥 +
6 6
5
∴ 𝑏𝑦𝑥 =
6
Let the equation of x on y be 15𝑥 = 8𝑦 + 30
8 30
i.e. 𝑥 = 𝑦 +
15 15
8
∴ 𝑏𝑥𝑦 =
15
Correlation coefficient,
𝑟 = √𝑏𝑦𝑥 × 𝑏𝑥𝑦
5 8
𝑟=√ ×
6 15
2
𝑟 = = 0.6667
3
Also,
𝜎
𝑏𝑥𝑦 = 𝑟 . 𝑥
𝜎𝑦
8 2 4
= ×
15 3 𝜎𝑦
∴ 𝜎𝑦 = 5
∴ 𝜎𝑦2 = 25

28. The equations of two regression lines are 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 26 and 6𝑥 + 𝑦 = 31. Find (i) the
means of 𝑥 and 𝑦 (ii) coefficient of correlation between 𝑥 and 𝑦
[N17/MechCivil/5M]
Solution:
We have,
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 26 ………….(1)
6𝑥 + 𝑦 = 31 …………(2)
Solving the two equations, we get
𝑥 = 4, 𝑦 = 7
Let the equation of y on x be 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 26
i.e. 2𝑦 = −3𝑥 + 26
3
𝑦 = − 𝑥 + 13
2
3
∴ 𝑏𝑦𝑥 = −
2
Let the equation of x on y be 6𝑥 + 𝑦 = 31
i.e. 6𝑥 = −𝑦 + 31
1 31
𝑥 =− 𝑦+
6 6
1
∴ 𝑏𝑥𝑦 = −
6
Correlation coefficient, AR

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Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
𝑟 = √𝑏𝑦𝑥 × 𝑏𝑥𝑦
3 1
𝑟 = √− × −
2 6
1
𝑟=−
2

29. The equations of two regression lines are 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 26and 6𝑥 + 𝑦 = 31. Find (i) the
means of 𝑥 and 𝑦 (ii) coefficient of correlation between 𝑥 and 𝑦 (iii) 𝜎𝑦 if 𝜎𝑥 = 3
[M16/MechCivil/8M][N18/Inst/6M][M19/Elect/8M]
Solution:
We have,
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 26 ………….(1)
6𝑥 + 𝑦 = 31 …………(2)
Solving the two equations, we get
𝑥 = 4, 𝑦 = 7
Let the equation of y on x be 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 26
i.e. 2𝑦 = −3𝑥 + 26
3
𝑦 = − 𝑥 + 13
2
3
∴ 𝑏𝑦𝑥 = −
2
Let the equation of x on y be 6𝑥 + 𝑦 = 31
i.e. 6𝑥 = −𝑦 + 31
1 31
𝑥 =− 𝑦+
6 6
1
∴ 𝑏𝑥𝑦 = −
6
Correlation coefficient,
𝑟 = √𝑏𝑦𝑥 × 𝑏𝑥𝑦
3 1
𝑟 = √− × −
2 6
1
𝑟=−
2
we have,
𝜎𝑦
𝑏𝑦𝑥 = 𝑟
𝜎𝑥
3 1 𝜎𝑦
− =− .
2 2 3
∴ 𝜎𝑦 = 9

30. The regression lines of a sample are 𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 6 and 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 10. Find (i) sample
means (ii) coefficient of correlation between 𝑥 and 𝑦.
[N15/CompIT/4M][N18/MechCivil/5M].
Also estimate 𝑦 when 𝑥 = 12.
[N14/CompIT/5M][N16/CompIT/6M][N18/MTRX/8M] AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 50 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
Solution:
We have,
𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 6 ………….(1)
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 10 …………(2)
Solving the two equations, we get
1
𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 =
2
Let the equation of y on x be 𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 6
i.e. 6𝑦 = −𝑥 + 6
1
𝑦 =− 𝑥+1
6
1
∴ 𝑏𝑦𝑥 = −
6
Let the equation of x on y be 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 10
i.e. 3𝑥 = −2𝑦 + 10
2 10
𝑥 =− 𝑦+
3 3
2
∴ 𝑏𝑥𝑦 = −
3
Correlation coefficient,
𝑟 = √𝑏𝑦𝑥 × 𝑏𝑥𝑦
1 2
𝑟 = √− × −
6 3
1
𝑟=−
3
Putting 𝑥 = 12 in eqn (1), we get
12 + 6𝑦 = 6
𝑦 = −1

31. The regression lines of a sample are given by 𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 6 and 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 10, find 𝑥
and 𝑦
[M22/Chem/2M][M22/MTRX/2M]
Solution:
We have,
𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 6 ………….(1)
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 10 …………(2)
Solving the two equations, we get
1
𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 =
2

32. The regression lines of a sample are given by 𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 6 and 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 10, find
coefficient of correlation between 𝑥 and 𝑦
[M22/MTRX/5M]
Solution:
We have, AR

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Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 6 ………….(1)
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 10 …………(2)
Let the equation of y on x be 𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 6
i.e. 6𝑦 = −𝑥 + 6
1
𝑦 =− 𝑥+1
6
1
∴ 𝑏𝑦𝑥 = −
6
Let the equation of x on y be 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 10
i.e. 3𝑥 = −2𝑦 + 10
2 10
𝑥 =− 𝑦+
3 3
2
∴ 𝑏𝑥𝑦 = −
3
Correlation coefficient,
𝑟 = √𝑏𝑦𝑥 × 𝑏𝑥𝑦
1 2
𝑟 = √− × −
6 3
1
𝑟=−
3

33. If the line of regression of 𝑌 on 𝑋 is (𝑌 − 33) = 0.72(𝑋 − 33) then the approximate
value of 𝑌 for 𝑋 = 38 is
[M22/Elex/2M]
Solution:
(𝑦 − 33) = 0.72(𝑥 − 33)
Put 𝑥 = 38
𝑦 − 33 = 0.72(38 − 33)
𝑦 = 36.6

34. If correlation coefficient 𝑟 = 0.6 and 𝑏𝑦𝑥 = 1.2 then 𝑏𝑥𝑦 =?

[M22/MechCivil/2M]
Solution:
𝑟 = √𝑏𝑦𝑥 × 𝑏𝑥𝑦
0.6 = √1.2 × 𝑏𝑥𝑦
𝑏𝑥𝑦 = 0.3

35. The equations of lines of regression are 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 5 and 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = −8. Find means of
𝑥 and 𝑦 and coefficient of correlation between 𝑥 and 𝑦
[M18/MechCivil/5M][N18/IT/5M]
Solution:
We have,
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 5 ………….(1)
AR
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = −8 …………(2)
S.E/Paper Solutions 52 By: Kashif Shaikh
Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
Solving the two equations, we get
𝑥 = −31, 𝑦 = 18
Let the equation of y on x be 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 5
i.e. 2𝑦 = −𝑥 + 5
1 5
𝑦=− 𝑥+
2 2
1
∴ 𝑏𝑦𝑥 = −
2
Let the equation of x on y be 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = −8
i.e. 2𝑥 = −3𝑦 − 8
3 8
𝑥 =− 𝑦−
2 2
3
∴ 𝑏𝑥𝑦 = −
2
Correlation coefficient,
𝑟 = √𝑏𝑦𝑥 × 𝑏𝑥𝑦
1 3
𝑟 = √− × −
2 2
𝑟 = −0.8660

36. Given two lines of regression 6𝑦 = 5𝑥 + 90,15𝑥 = 8𝑦 + 130. Find (i) 𝑥, 𝑦 (ii)
correlation coefficient 𝑟
[M18/IT/5M]
Solution:
We have,
−5𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 90 ………….(1)
15𝑥 − 8𝑦 = 130 …………(2)
Solving the two equations, we get
𝑥 = 30, 𝑦 = 40
Let the equation of y on x be 6𝑦 = 5𝑥 + 90
5 90
i.e. 𝑦 = 𝑥 +
6 6
5
∴ 𝑏𝑦𝑥 =
6
Let the equation of x on y be 15𝑥 = 8𝑦 + 130
8 130
i.e. 𝑥 = 𝑦 +
15 15
8
∴ 𝑏𝑥𝑦 =
15
Correlation coefficient,
𝑟 = √𝑏𝑦𝑥 × 𝑏𝑥𝑦
5 8 2
𝑟=√ × = = 0.6667
6 15 3

AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 53 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
37. If the two regression equations are 5𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 90 = 0,15𝑥 − 8𝑦 − 180 = 0 find the
means of 𝑥 and 𝑦, correlation coefficient and standard deviation of 𝑥 if variance of 𝑦 is
1
[N18/Comp/5M]
Solution:
We have,
−5𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 90 ………….(1)
15𝑥 − 8𝑦 = 180 …………(2)
Solving the two equations, we get
𝑥 = 36, 𝑦 = 45
Let the equation of y on x be 6𝑦 = 5𝑥 + 90
5 90
i.e. 𝑦 = 𝑥 +
6 6
5
∴ 𝑏𝑦𝑥 =
6
Let the equation of x on y be 15𝑥 = 8𝑦 + 130
8 180
i.e. 𝑥 = 𝑦 +
15 15
8
∴ 𝑏𝑥𝑦 =
15
Correlation coefficient,
𝑟 = √𝑏𝑦𝑥 × 𝑏𝑥𝑦
5 8
𝑟=√ ×
6 15
2
𝑟 = = 0.6667
3
Now,
𝜎𝑦
𝑏𝑦𝑥 = 𝑟
𝜎𝑥
5 2 1
= × since 𝜎𝑦 = 1 (given)
6 3 𝜎𝑥
∴ 𝜎𝑥 = 0.8

38. The two regression lines are given by: 20𝑥 − 9𝑦 − 107 = 0 and 4𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 33 = 0.
Obtain (i) coefficient of correlation between 𝑥 and 𝑦 (ii) means of 𝑥 and 𝑦.
Ans.13,17,0.6
39. The lines of regression are 20𝑥 − 9𝑦 − 107 = 0 and 15𝑥 = 8𝑦 + 130, 𝑉(𝑥) = 16.
Find means, 𝑟 and 𝑉(𝑦)
[N22/Elect/8M]
Solution:
We have,
20𝑥 − 9𝑦 = 107 ………….(1)
15𝑥 − 8𝑦 = 130 …………(2)
Solving the two equations, we get
𝑥 = −12.56, 𝑦 = −39.8 AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 54 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
Let the equation of y on x be 8𝑦 = 15𝑥 − 130
15 130
i.e. 𝑦 = 𝑥 −
8 8
15
∴ 𝑏𝑦𝑥 =
8
Let the equation of x on y be 20𝑥 = 9𝑦 + 107
9 107
i.e. 𝑥 = 𝑦 +
20 20
9
∴ 𝑏𝑥𝑦 =
20
Correlation coefficient,
𝑟 = √𝑏𝑦𝑥 × 𝑏𝑥𝑦
15 9
𝑟=√ ×
8 20
𝑟 = 0.9186
Now,
𝜎𝑦
𝑏𝑦𝑥 = 𝑟
𝜎𝑥
15 𝜎𝑦
= 0.9186 × since 𝑉(𝑥) = 𝜎𝑥2 = 16 (given)
8 4
∴ 𝜎𝑦 = 8.1646
𝑉(𝑦) = 𝜎𝑦2 = 66.66

40. The equations of two lines of regression for bivariate data are 9𝑥 + 10𝑦 − 67 = 0,
5𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 23 = 0. Find (i) Mean values of 𝑥 and 𝑦 (ii) Regression coefficients (iii)
Correlation coefficient
[M22/Elect/5M]
Solution:
We have,
9𝑥 + 10𝑦 − 67 = 0 ………….(1)
5𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 23 = 0 …………(2)
Solving the two equations, we get
𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 4
Let the equation (1) be y on x
i.e. 10𝑦 = −9𝑥 + 67
9 67
𝑦=− 𝑥+
10 10
9
∴ 𝑏𝑦𝑥 = −
10
Let the equation (2) be x on y
i.e. 5𝑥 = −2𝑦 + 23
2 23
𝑥 =− 𝑦+
5 5
2
∴ 𝑏𝑥𝑦 = −
5
Correlation coefficient,
𝑟 = √𝑏𝑦𝑥 × 𝑏𝑥𝑦 AR

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Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
9 2
𝑟 = √− ×−
10 5
𝑟 = −0.6

41. The lines of regression of bivariate population are 8𝑥 − 10𝑦 + 66 = 0 and 40𝑥 −
18𝑦 = 214. The variance of 𝑥 is 9. Find (a) coefficient of correlation 𝑟 (b) standard
deviation of 𝑦
[N18/Elex/4M]
Solution:
We have,
8𝑥 − 10𝑦 = −66
40𝑥 − 18𝑦 = 214
Let the equation of y on x be 10𝑦 = 8𝑥 + 66
8 66
i.e. 𝑦 = 𝑥 +
10 10
4
∴ 𝑏𝑦𝑥 =
5
Let the equation of x on y be 40𝑥 = 18𝑦 + 214
18 214
i.e. 𝑥 = 𝑦 +
40 40
9
∴ 𝑏𝑥𝑦 =
20
Correlation coefficient,
𝑟 = √𝑏𝑦𝑥 × 𝑏𝑥𝑦
4 9
𝑟=√ ×
5 20
3
𝑟 = = 0.6
5
Now,
𝜎𝑦
𝑏𝑦𝑥 = 𝑟
𝜎𝑥
4 3 𝜎𝑦
= × since 𝜎𝑥 = 3 (given)
5 5 3
∴ 𝜎𝑦 = 4

42. If two regression equations are 4𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 33 = 0,20𝑥 − 9𝑦 − 107 = 0 find the

means of 𝑥 and 𝑦, correlation coefficient and standard deviation of 𝑦 if variance of 𝑥 is
9
[N19/Comp/5M]
Solution:
We have,
4𝑥 − 5𝑦 = −33 ………(1)
20𝑥 − 9𝑦 = 107 ……..(2)
Solving equations (1) and (2) we get
𝑥 = 13, 𝑦 = 17 AR

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Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
Let the equation of y on x be 4𝑥 − 5𝑦 = −33
4 33
i.e. 𝑦 = 𝑥 +
5 5
4
∴ 𝑏𝑦𝑥 =
5
Let the equation of x on y be 20𝑥 − 9𝑦 = 107
9 107
i.e. 𝑥 = 𝑦 +
20 20
9
∴ 𝑏𝑥𝑦 =
20
Correlation coefficient,
𝑟 = √𝑏𝑦𝑥 × 𝑏𝑥𝑦
4 9
𝑟=√ ×
5 20
3
𝑟 = = 0.6
5
Now,
𝜎𝑦
𝑏𝑦𝑥 = 𝑟
𝜎𝑥
4 3 𝜎𝑦
= × since 𝜎𝑥 = 3 (given)
5 5 3
∴ 𝜎𝑦 = 4

43. The equations of the two lines of regression are 5𝑥 − 𝑦 = 22 and 64𝑥 − 45𝑦 = 24.
Find means of 𝑥 and 𝑦
[M22/Elect/2M]
Solution:
5𝑥 − 𝑦 = 22 ………(1)
64𝑥 − 45𝑦 = 24 ……..(2)
Solving equations (1) and (2) we get
𝑥 = 6, 𝑦 = 8

44. The equations of lines of regression are 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 8 = 0 and 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 5 = 0, find

means of 𝑥 and 𝑦 and coefficient of line of regression between 𝑥 and 𝑦
[N22/Extc/5M]
Solution:
We have,
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 8 = 0 ………(1)
𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 5 = 0 ……..(2)
Solving equations (1) and (2) we get
𝑥 = −31, 𝑦 = 18
Let the equation (1) be x on y
3 8
i.e. 𝑥 = − 𝑦 +
2 2
3
∴ 𝑏𝑥𝑦 = −
2 AR

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Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
Let the equation (2) be x on y
1 5
i.e. 𝑦 = − 𝑥 +
2 2
1
∴ 𝑏𝑥𝑦 = −
2
Correlation coefficient,
𝑟 = √𝑏𝑦𝑥 × 𝑏𝑥𝑦
3 1
𝑟 = √− × −
2 2
𝑟 = −0.866

45. Find the regression coefficients and the coefficient of correlation from the following
data: 𝑁 = 12, ∑ 𝑥 = 120, ∑ 𝑦 = 432, ∑ 𝑥𝑦 = 4992, ∑ 𝑥 2 = 1392, ∑ 𝑦 2 = 18252.
Ans. 3.5, 0.25
46. Obtain both line of regressions for the data given below
Given: ∑𝑋 = 250, ∑𝑌 = 300, ∑𝑋𝑌 = 7900, ∑𝑋 2 = 6500, ∑𝑌 2 = 10000 and 𝑛 = 10
(in usual notation)
[N22/MechCivil/8M]
Solution:
∑𝑥 250
𝑥= = = 25
𝑁 10
∑𝑦 300
𝑦= = = 30
𝑁 10
∑ 𝑥.∑ 𝑦 250×300
∑ 𝑥𝑦− 7900−
𝑁 10
𝑏𝑦𝑥 = (∑ 𝑥)2
= (250)2
= 1.6
2
∑𝑥 − 6500−
𝑁 10
∑ 𝑥.∑ 𝑦 250×300
∑ 𝑥𝑦− 7900−
𝑁 10
𝑏𝑥𝑦 = (∑ 𝑦)2
= (300)2
= 0.4
2
∑𝑦 − 10000−
𝑁 10
Equation of x on y,
(𝑥 − 𝑥) = 𝑏𝑥𝑦 (𝑦 − 𝑦)
𝑥 − 25 = 0.4(𝑦 − 30)
𝑥 = 0.4𝑦 − 12 + 25
𝑥 = 0.4𝑦 + 13
Equation of y on x,
(𝑦 − 𝑦) = 𝑏𝑦𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝑥)
𝑦 − 30 = 1.6(𝑥 − 25)
𝑦 = 1.6𝑥 − 32.5 + 30
𝑦 = 1.6𝑥 − 2.5

47. From 8 observations the following results were obtained

∑ 𝑥 = 59, ∑ 𝑦 = 40, ∑ 𝑥𝑦 = 364, ∑ 𝑥 2 = 524, ∑ 𝑦 2 = 256
Find the equation of the line of regression of x on y and the coefficient of correlation.
[M18/Comp/6M]
Solution: AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 58 By: Kashif Shaikh

Crescent Academy…….……………………….…..For Research in Education
∑𝑥 59
𝑥= = = 7.375
𝑁 8
∑𝑦 40
𝑦= = =5
𝑁 8
∑ 𝑥.∑ 𝑦 59×40
∑ 𝑥𝑦− 364−
𝑁 8
𝑏𝑦𝑥 = (∑ 𝑥)2
= (59)2
= 0.7764
2
∑𝑥 − 524−
𝑁 8
∑ 𝑥.∑ 𝑦 59×40
∑ 𝑥𝑦− 364−
𝑁 8
𝑏𝑥𝑦 = (∑ 𝑦)2
= (40)2
= 1.2321
2
∑𝑦 − 256−
𝑁 8
Equation of x on y,
(𝑥 − 𝑥) = 𝑏𝑥𝑦 (𝑦 − 𝑦)
𝑥 − 7.375 = 1.2321(𝑦 − 5)
𝑥 = 1.2321𝑦 − 6.1605 + 7.375
𝑥 = 1.2321𝑦 + 1.2145
Correlation coefficient,
𝑟 = √𝑏𝑦𝑥 × 𝑏𝑥𝑦
𝑟 = √0.7764 × 1.2321
𝑟 = 0.3093

AR

S.E/Paper Solutions 59 By: Kashif Shaikh