SENTENCES

th er
ss our thoughts and ideds through words which toge
Whe n we com mun icate with each othe r, we expre
make comp lete sense.
· b d su b.1t-ct.
A sentence is a group o f word s th at makes complete sens e. It contains a ve-r an a
(a) This is a new school. (c) My aunt lives in Chen nai.
Examples:
I like to play crick et (d) I have many friends.
a,._._.....,..,..-....-.,._._.,... ..,._.1
(b)

t4m;fJ!lijrl.■rlil!:wll1!t1i!l'!1P!a!P.1§1!11P!!1P.!ijll§llc1!!!11"=if~::w!1•_._.-4 ._ , ._ . ._ .. -.

ber and person. •

• 1. Subject-verb agre eme nt is a must, both in num •
(c) The stud cn~ a~e enjoyi1.1g ~he picnic.
• Examples: (a) Sana is ~nj~ying the picnic. •
(d) They are eI1Joy1~~ the ptemc. . .
• (~) I a~ eIIJoymg the picnic.
lar nouns or pronouns are Jomed ~ a conJunctJon.
•
~ 2. A plural verb 1S req ~ when two or more singu +.
(b) Meena and I are good smgcrs.
• Ex~mples: (a) Gau n and Deepak are in the same class. sam e•
t 3. A smg ular v~rb is used whe n two noun
s, or adjectives, suggest one idea or refer to the
•
•
pers on or thing.
Examples: (a) Draw ing and colouring is my hobby.
(b) The red and green umbrella is not mine . t
e nouns are connected by either... or, neither... nor.
• 4. A singular verb is required when two or mor •
the plural one next to the verb and use a plural verb.
• Note : Whe n one noun is singular and one is plural, put •
~ Examples: (a) Neit her my moth er nor my sister is at home. •
.
' (b) Eithe r you or your brothers have to clean the room ~
neith er, each, everyone.
~ 5. A sing ular verb mus t follo w eithe r,
(b) Each one of the students is being traint-d. •
• Examples : (a) Everyone has to sing. •
nouns, qualified by 'each' or 'every' mus t have •
• 6. Even if they are join ed by a conjunction, two l
• singular verb. i
~ Example : Each truck and each car is being searched. ~
7. Som e noun s whic h are sing ular in mea ning but plural in form take a singular verb.
• •
• Example: This pair of slippers is new. •
singular in form take a plural verb.
• 8. Som e noun s whic h are plural in mea ning but •
• Example : The child ren are playing in the garden. ♦
ular verb s are requ ired whe n the colle ction is thou ght of as a who le.
• 9. Sing •
ce.
• Examples: (a) The troup e is going to give a performan •
ce.
• (b) The audience was enthralled at their pcrfom1an
t.10. A sing ular verb is requ ired whe n the plur
al noun depi cts som e spec ific quan tity or amo unt•
cons ider ed as a sing le who le unit . •
~ Exam ple: Thre e kilom etres is a long dista nce.
4 4 4 4 ~ 4 4 4 4 ~ ~ 4= 4~4~
~44~ 4~4444444444 s • ..
-
)Q •
~-- -....

6 '::',:;:
:"~ !~ G~r::_~ar:~/ S \ ..
 • .\fJk~ .,w-s,;.,,,., for the amwt 'n gin•n lx-low.
2 I work in P'JtnJ.
t . My birthd ly is in June.
J. Yes, J rompl(tt(f my work. 4. My brother is bc-ttl"r now.
6. Yc.>s, I do tuve a pen.
5. Tit.is is my n(W pencil box.

I EXCLAMATORY SENT ENCE S '

rxcl.1rn.1t,,ry H nlrnu1 . Tbry •ncl
Sente nces that e~-press stTong feelings or emoti ons arc called
an excla m ation mark .
&am p/a: (a) Wlm a ~ucif ul dress it is!
(b) How melodiously she sings!

FEATUREf
• An .1.SSCrtive sentmce nukes a statem ent
• It ends with a full stop( .).
• An .1.SSCnive sentence cm be positive or negative.
• An imperative sentence ends with a full stop (.).
arc called illlJllft"""
• Sentences dut express a command, request, advice , order or suggc-stion
• An imperative sentence ends with a full stop (.).
suggntion.
• It tells us to do something through request, command, order, advice or
• An exclamatory sentence ends with an exclamation mark (!).
• It usw.lly begins with 'what' or 'how'.
• It expresses feelings.

e Rewr ite the sente nces given below as t.xclamatory sentences using
1. '1.ivraj is a great fielder. ~ j
'lzou•' or 'wl,at'.

2. Surudhi sings very well. ff '"--· VALUE CORNER . , ..-- - - ---. :

3. You are a great dancer.

14
.
. . An exdamarory sentence expresses feelings. Your * ••
tition. Your mend
L- L kh • I ·7;\-
-, ,. --
-_.,, and you participate in a dance compe
be L-- Will · hi
4. S1uuru ts a popu ar actor. '---- -~ cter cu.u1 you. 1 you apprecme m/her?Why/Wby
5. You are wearing a gorgeous saree.

IPARTS OF ASENTENCE i
A sen tence has two parts -subjtct and prrdicatr.
(c) The biby is sleeping.
Exam pla: (a) My mother loves tea.
subject predica~ subject predicate

en
(b) The people in the room were enjoying the music. (d) All the childr
subject predicate subject

Subject

r :ubj,c1 ::at p•~ ,of a sente nce ::•t na:e • the perso n or th ing about whom somethlllg

8 ~ dua ~ Slllia Grammar-6

ASW > 2 #/4&_. S.& W
The subjects in the sentences mentioned earlier (previous page) are as follows.
Examples: (a) My mother (c) The baby
(b) The people in the room (d) All the children
Predicate
A predic,Hc is a word or a group o f words that tells u s som ething ab out the subject.
The: predicates in the sentences mentioned earlier (previous page) are as follows.
Examples: (a) loves tea (c) is sleeping
(b) were enjoying the music (d) are ready for the trip

FEATURES
.,.
• The subject is usually placed before the predicate but sometimes the order is changed.
The subject remains the same in spite of change in its position.

..______,,.__,
subj ect
________
Examples: (a) The letter came after a few days.
..__
(b) After a few days came
prcdicatc
..., -------- -
the letter.
predicate
-------
subject
• In imperative sentences, the subject is always you. It is not mentioned but implied.
Examples : (a) Go there. (It means 'You go there.')
(b) Have the medicine regularly. (It means 'You have the medicine regularly.')
Here, the subject is you.
• Again, in questions and exclamatory sentences, we find out 'what' or 'who' the sentence is
about and identify the subject.
Examples: (a) Have you been to the market? The subject is 'you'.
• Every predicate has at least one verb.
• The verb changes according to the number of subjects.
Examples: (a) The dog is barking. (Singular verb)
(b) The dogs are barking. (Plural verb)
• The predicate may contain an object, a complement or an adverb.

S.No. Subject Predicate

f-
[-- --7--v;~--- -C~ l~ent Object - Adverb
----1
1. My mother i
sings \ well
2. He caught the ball
3. They arc singers

Identify the subject and the predicate. C ircle the subject and underlin e th e pl'edicatc. T h e first one
h as been done for you. ~
1. @ is going to the market. £1(,~
2. He managed to reach home on time. ! ,,. ,\
I I
3. The king offered his advice to the farmer. ~
4. Rose was a princess who slept for a hundred years.
5. The lion wanted to eat the rabbit.
6. At o ne corner of the hall stood Ramu.

e.wuLcwa &wutuJ, se,ue6 Grammar-6 9

 I PHRASES AND CLAUSES '
Phrases
A 1,l111l..e is a gnmp of "'1nis that makes sense but not complete sense since it does rklt haw .l Ju/;tr, ""4
Examples : across the road in the market of great importance
. in the garden pros and cons in front of
at the village in spite of on the chair
A phrase usually forms a part of a sentence but does not convey complete sense. The above t,wnples •
have a subject or a verb.
Clauses
A c/ar,se is a gt"Oup o f words with a subject and a verb and is usually a part of a sentence. It
or may not make complete sense.
Example : The boy is going to the market.
clause
'The boy is going'- is a clause since it has a subject 'the boy' and a predicate ~is going'.

FEATURES
V

• A phrase does not convey complete sense.

• It does not have a subject and a verb.
• A clause has a subject and a verb.
• It may or may not make complete sense.
• It is usually a part of a sentence.

e Tick (✓) the correct option.

1. She left the house at noon. (phrase /clause)
2. Mary embroidered a hankerchief for her mother. (phrase /clause)
3. The army fought with great courage. {phrase /clause)
4. In spite of ill-health she attended the party. (phrase /clause)
5. The child was excited to see the peacock dancing. (phrase /clause)
6. A bouquet of roses was presented to the chief guest. (phrase /clause)
Match the groups '!f u,ords given in column A with those in column B. You will also
interesting to combine one group of words in column A with different groups of
column B to form meaningful sentences.
Column A ColumnB
1. She found she likes to eat cookies.
2. Apart from chocolates a black puppy in the desencd street.
3. Neha had seen she loves to eat doughnuts.
4. When Neha is hungry a small bag in the park.
5. The old man ran across the playground.
6. The young boy, carrying a bat, walked down the street.