Part 01 Tasks

1.

A)

i) 6518 = 1A916

Octal to Binary = 001101010012

Binary to Hexa decimal = 0001 1010 1001

1 A 9

ii) 73578 = EEF16

Octal to Binary = 1110111011112

Binary to Hexa decimal = 1110 1110 1111

E E F

iii) 6470148 = 34E0C16

Octal to Binary = 1101001110000011002

Binary to Hexa decimal = 0011 0100 1110 0000 1100

3 4 E 0 C
B)

i) -84 = 1010 1100

+84 in Binary = 01010100

Flip Bits = 1010 1011

Add 1 Bit to binary = 1010 1100

ii) -128 = 1000 0000

+128 in Binary = 10000000

Flip Bits = 01111111

Add 1 Bit to binary = 10000000

C)

i) -1542 = 1001 1111 1010

+1542 in Binary = 011000000110

Flip Bits = 100111111001

Add 1 Bit to binary = 100111111010

ii) -2568 = 0101 1111 1000

+2568 in Binary = 101000001000

Flip Bits = 010111110111

Add 1 Bit to binary = 010111111000

 D)

i) -16384 = 0100 0000 0000 0000

+16384 = 0100000000000000

Flip Bits = 1011111111111111

Add 1 Bit to binary = 0100000000000000

ii) -4096 = 0001 0000 0000 0000

+4096 = 0001000000000000

Flip Bits = 1110111111111111

Add 1 Bit to binary = 0001000000000000

2.

i) -15 + 27 = 01100 = 12

+15 = 01111

Flip Bits = 10000

Add 1 Bit to binary = 10000

+1

-15 = 10001
 -15 = 10001

27 = 11011 +

Sum = 01100

= 12

ii) -42 + -13 = 1100 1001 = -55

+42 = 00101010

Flip Bits = 11010101

Add 1 Bit to binary = 11010101

+1

-42 = 11010110

+13 = 00001101

Flip Bits = 11110010

Add 1 Bit to binary = 11110010

+1

-13 = 11110011

-42 = 11010110

-13 = 11110011 +

Sum = 11001001

= -55
iii) -5 * -7 = 0010 0011 = 35

+5 = 0101

Flip Bits = 1010

Add 1 Bit to binary = 1010

+1

-5 = 1011

+7 = 0111

Flip Bits = 1000

Add 1 Bit to binary = +1

-7 = 1001

Multiplication

-5*-7 = 1011

= 1001 x

1111 1011

0000 000x

0000 00xx

1101 1xxx

= 0010 0011

= 35

iv) -16*-4 = 0100 0000 = 64

+16 = 10000

Flip Bits = 01111

Add 1 Bit to binary = 01111

+1

-16 = 10000

+4 = 100

Flip Bits = 011

Add 1 Bit to binary = 011

+1

-4 = 100

Multiplication

-16*-4 = 10000

= 100 x

0000 0000

0000 000x

0100 00xx

= 0100 0000
b) A`BC + AB` + BC`

Distribution law

( AB + AC = A (B + C ) = B (A`C + C` ) +AB`

Absorption law

( AB + A` = B + A` ) = B (A` + C` ) + AB`

Distribution law = BA` + BC` + AB`

e) A'B + A'B' + AB = A

LHS - A'B + A'B' + AB

Distribution law = A`( B + B` ) +AB

Complement law = A`( 1 ) + AB

Identity law = A` + AB

Absorption law = A`+ B

RHS – A

A`+ B = A

4.

a) Truth Table

A B C D Alarm (A)
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
 0 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 1 0
1 0 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 0
1 1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 0
1 1 1 0 1
1 1 0 1 1
1 0 1 1 1
0 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1

b) Boolean equation

ABCD` + ABC`D + AB`CD +A`BCD + ABCD

c) ABCD` + ABC`D + AB`CD +A`BCD + ABCD

Distribution = ABC(D`+D) + ABC`D + AB`CD +A`BCD

Complement = ABC1 + ABC`D + AB`CD +A`BCD
Identity = ABC + ABC`D + AB`CD +A`BCD
Distribution = AB(C`D + C) + AB`CD + A`BCD
Absorption = AB ( D + C ) + AB`CD + A`BCD
Distribution = ABD + ABC + AB`CD + A`BCD
Distributive = ABC + AD ( B`C + B ) + A`BCD
Absorption = ABC + AD ( C + B ) + A`BCD
Distributive = AD ( C + B ) + BC ( A`D + A )
Absorption = AD ( C + B ) + BC ( D + A )
Distribution = ADC + ADB + BC ( D + A )
Distribution = ADC + ADB + BCD + BCA

d)
Part 02 Tasks

1.

Computer networks are more than ever exposed to cyber threats of increasing
frequency, complexity and sophistication (Ghanem & Chen, 2019) .The efficiency and
productivity of a business can be greatly impacted by choosing the correct server PCs for IT
managers to operate the internal network. The organization's digital operations are supported
by a strong server infrastructure, which enables IT managers to efficiently administer the
internal network.

1. Branch Manager (2)

 Desktop PC (Manager 1)
 CPU: Intel Core i5 or equivalent
 Motherboard : Any range with necessary features.
 GPU : Built – in graphics
 Storage : 1TB SSD or higher
 Memory : 4GB RAM

 Laptop (Manager 2)
  CPU : Intel Core i5 or equivalent
 GPU : Built – in graphics
 Storage : 1TB SSD or higher
 Memory : 4GB RAM
 Memory : 4GB RAM

Justification
To manage branch operations and perform other administrative
responsibilities, the branch managers need elegant computers.

2. Software Engineers (8)

 Desktop PC
 CPU: Intel Core i7 or equivalent
 Motherboard : Any range with necessary features
 GPU : NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080
 Storage: 2TB or Higher
 Memory : 32GB RAM

Justification
In order to design, test, and debug software, software engineers require high-
performance workstations.

3. Front Office (1):

 Office Desktop PC:
 CPU: Intel Core i3 or equivalent
 Motherboard : high-end motherboards
 GPU : Integrated graphics
  Storage: 512GB SSD
 Memory : 4GB RAM

Justification
Typically, front desk personnel utilize computers for email, document
handling, and simple administrative activities. Therefore a standard office PC will
suffice for front office.

4. QA Engineers (5)
 Same specifications as software engineers.

Justification
QA Engineers need equivalent processing power in order to perform software
testing.

5. IT Administrators (5)
 Servers
 Dell PowerEdge R740XD Servers
 CPU: Dual Intel Xeon Gold 6254
 RAM: 64GB ECC DDR4
 Storage: RAID Array with Multiple 1TB SSDs

 IT Admins ( PCs )
 Same specifications as software engineers with more Ram &
storage

Justification
For network administration, IT administrators require strong servers, and for
system maintenance and troubleshooting, they need solid workstations.

6. HR and Administration
 Same specifications as front office staff with more Ram storage
 Justification
Staff members in HR and administration need basic computers for work-
related duties and document management.

7. Recreational Area (02 PCs - 1 for Employee references, 1 for guests)

 Same specifications as front office staff

Justification
These PCs are available for employees and visitors in the common area.

8. Meetings Halls (3)

 CPU: Intel Core i5 or equivalent
 Motherboard: Business-class motherboard
 GPU: Integrated graphics
 Storage: 512GB SSD
 Memory: 4GB RAM

Justification
These PCs are used in conference rooms for operating the audio-visual
equipment and making presentations.

2.
User requirement analysis identifies that workers have the equipment and
resources they need to properly carry out their duties. Part of the challenge in
requirements has to do with an understanding of what a “requirement” really is.
(Laplante & Kassab, 2022)

1. Branch Managers (2)

Hardware Requirements:
 01 PC Manager 1
01 Laptop for Manager 1
Software Requirements:
Document management & Reports
Using email for communication

2. Software Engineers (8)

Hardware Requirements
PCs that are powerful enough and have enough RAM
Software Requirements
Integrated Development Environments
Tools for teamwork that facilitate communication and code sharing

3. Front Office (1)

Hardware Requirements
PC with office applications
Software Requirements
Managing documents and communication
Customer relationship management

4. QA Engineers (5)
Hardware Requirements
PCs for testing
Software Requirements
Test management
Testing software Collaboration tools

5. IT Administrators (5)
Hardware Requirements
03 server PCs for internal network
Software Requirements
 Server operating system
Network monitoring
Security software
Server management

6. HR and Administration (4)

Hardware Requirements
PCs for HR tasks
Software Requirements
HR management software

7. Recreational Area (2)

Hardware Requirements
PCs for employee references and guests
Software Requirements
General office applications

8. Meetings Halls (3)

Hardware Requirements
PCs for presentations and document sharing
Software Requirements
Presentation software
Video conferencing software

3.
System Design Specifications (SDS) are comprehensive documents that describe the
functional and technical specifications for a system or project. The overall aim of involving
users is to deliver a successful system. However, what exactly is meant by “success” is highly
contextual and depends largely on various factors making it difficult to measure. (Mark A. &
H. Roland, 2009) (Linkedin, 2023)

1) Branch Manager (2)

Hardware: 1 PC, 1 Laptop
Input: Standard keyboard and mouse.
Output: Monitor for PC
Other Hardware: Printer and scanner.

2) Software Engineers (8)

Hardware: 8 PCs .
Input: Standard keyboards and mice.
Output: Monitors.
Other Hardware: Router, software development tools, Access to a
server, UPS

3) Front Office (1):

Hardware: 1 PC.
Input: Standard keyboard and mouse.
Output: Monitor.
Other Hardware: Printer, scanner, Phone.

4) QA Engineers (5):
Hardware: 5 PCs.
Input: Standard keyboards and mice.
Output: Monitors.
Other Hardware: Router, testing tools, Access to server, UPS

5) IT Administrators (5):
Hardware: 3 server-grade PCs. 2 PCs.
Input: Standard keyboards and mice.
Output: Monitors for all PCs.
Other Hardware: Network switches, routers, UPS, server rack.
 6) HR and Administration (4):
Hardware: 4 PCs.
Input: Standard keyboards and mice.
Output: Monitors.
Other Hardware: Printer, scanner

7) Recreational Area (2):

Hardware: 1 PC for employee, 1 PC for guests.
Input: Standard keyboards and mice.
Output: Monitors.
Other Hardware: Basic software’s

8) Meetings Halls (3):

Hardware: PCs for presentations.
Input: Wireless keyboard and mouse.
Output: Projector or large screen
Other Hardware: Internet connectivity

4.
Based on the duties and responsibilities of employees in several functional areas, this
Report describes the design's advantages and disadvantages and makes suggestions for
improvements to the hardware, software, and maintenance. The successful design and
instantiation is not simply a matter of software engineering. It depends on the selection of
beneficial usage scenarios, organizational implementation, content management and user’s
acceptance. (Lisa, 2019)

Strengths
Customized answers made to meet the requirements of each department.
 Implementation of helpdesk and IT support services.
Enough attention should be given to gathering places.

Weaknesses
A minimal amount of redundancy for key systems.
As the organization expands, scalability could become a problem.
Possibility of future hardware and software obsolescence.
Safety measures should be regularly reviewed and improved

Recommendations and Enhancements

For server redundancy, use RAID or failover solutions.
Set up a plan for software and hardware upgrades.
Update security procedures on a regular basis.
To control web access, use content filtering software on recreational PCs.

These improvements will strengthen the security, scalability, and resilience of

the system while maintaining the technology's alignment with business requirements.
References
Ghanem, M. C. & Chen, T. M., 2019. Reinforcement Learning for Efficient Network
Penetration Testing, s.l.: Information MDPI.

Laplante, P. A. & Kassab, M., 2022. Requirements Engineering for Software and Systems.
New York: Auerbach Publications.

Linkedin, 2023. Six Tips to Ensure User Satisfaction in Systems Development.

Lisa, B., 2019. Engineering of Augmented Reality-Based Information Systems, s.l.: Business
& Information Systems Engineering.

Mark A., H. & H. Roland, W., 2009. A New Look at the Relationship between User
Involvement in Systems Development and System Success. Volume 24.