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    3.9 Creating Timer

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    yash.gupta

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    3.9 Creating Timer

    Uploaded by

    yash.gupta
    4 views7 pages

    Original Title

    3.9 Creating Timer

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    4 views7 pages

    3.9 Creating Timer

    Uploaded by

    yash.gupta

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    Part 3

    Cre e r
    ating a Tim
    Summary:
    In this course, you will learn how to make timers for all kinds of occasions. In the process of learning
    how to make it, you will learn about MCU interrupts, key debouncing, dynamic scanning of digital displays
    and other related knowledge.

    Component Required:
    (1) x Elegoo Uno R3

    (1) x 830 breadboard

    (1) X Active Buzzer

    (1) x NPN transistor 8050

    (3) x key

    (1) x LED lamp

    (5) x 220_resistance

    (1) x 10k_resistance

    (1) x 74HC595 IC

    (1) x 4 Digit 7-Segment Display

    (2) x M-F wires (Male to Female jumper wires)

    (32) x M-M wires (Male to Male jumper wires)

    Component Introduction
    There are three buttons in this experiment,

    "minute" button:
    Every times you press it, the time you set will add one minute. Once you press the key and hold it
    down, the time will add quickly.

    "second" button:
    Every times you press it, the time you set will add one second. Once you press the key and hold it
    down, the time will add quickly.

    "function" button:
    After finishing setting the time, you should press this button. When you press it, you will see the 4
    Digit 7-Segment Display begin to count down.If you press it again during counting down, the time
    you set will be cleared. When the countdown time ends, the buzzer sounds and the LED lights flicker.
    At this time, if you press the function key again, the sound will turn off and the LED will stop flickering
    and the time you set will be cleared too.
    Wiring diagram
    Because there are too many devices connected, the driving ability of the IO port is not enough. So
    we use high-level driving mode for the A0 port connected with the led, and add 10K pull-up
    resistance to help the IO port output current. Normally, we use NPN 8050 transistor to drive the
    load of about 5V.
    Watchdog interrupt:
    Although no watchdog interruption is used in this
    course, we also need to understand the watchdog
    interruption.

    The watchdog timer is mainly used to avoid


    equipment failure and crash, such as goes into the
    endless loop. If the code goes into an endless loop,
    the watchdog will triggers the interruption and
    resets the microcontroller.

    The watchdog timer is set to one second and the setup contains a delay of two seconds therefore
    the watchdog will trigger.
    In this case, you need to delete it before running the program.
    Wdt_enable (WDTO_1S);
    Serial. println ("watchDog_interrupt triggered");preceding "//"
    After uploading the program, you will see:

    #include "avr/wdt.h"
    void setup()
    {
    wdt_enable(WDTO_1S);
    Serial.println("watchDog_interrupt triggered");
    }
    void button_interrupt()
    {
    Serial.print("we begin to count:");
    Serial.println(number++);
    delay(2000);
    wdt_reset(); //we should feed the dog avoiding it reseted.
    }

    Part 2 : Keyboard Bounce Elimination


    Mechanical elastic switch:

    When the mechanical contact is opened and closed, because of the elastic effect of the contact,
    the switch will not close stably, it will bounce for a short time. The same thing happens when the switch
    is opened. This bouncing is eliminated in this lesson.

    The problem of key bouncing is that it will


    cause multiple interrupts (3) instead of the
    one desired by the single press of the key.

    You can see the bouncing depicted in


    the diagram.
    Part 1: Interrupt
    #include "MsTimer2.h"
    Interrupt is an indispensable mechanism for our
    design. Normally, our program will be executed
    void setup()
    sequentially in the loop() . Once something urgent
    {
    happens, we need to use interruption to
    MsTimer2::set(4000, timer2_interrupt);
    complete the urgent matter, and then come back
    MsTimer2::start();
    and continue to execute the original program
    }
    sequentially.

    void timer2_interrupt()
    After wiring, please open the program in the code
    {
    folder- demo1 and click UPLOAD to upload the
    Serial.println("timer2_interrupt triggered");
    program.
    }
    Before running this program, make sure that
    the < PinChangelnt > library and < MsTimer2 >
    library is installed or reinstalled if necessary.
    Otherwise, your code will not be compiled.
    For more information about loading library files,
    see Lesson 5 in part 1.

    Timer2 interrupt:
    Run the code you will see:

    This means that the code that is executed sequentially in loop() will be interrupted by timer interrupt.
    The contents of interrupt function will be executed first. Only after the interrupt function has been
    executed, will the code run return to loop() function.

    Pin Change lnterrupt #include "PinChangelnt.h"


    Both pin change interrupt and timer void setup()
    interrupt belong to interrupt, but trigger {
    mode changes from timing trigger to level pinMode(A3, INPUT_PULLUP);
    change trigger interrupt. attachPinChangeInterrupt(A3, button_interrupt, FALLING );
    }
    The level changes include: HIGH, LOW, void button_interrupt()
    RISING (low level to high level conversion), {
    FALLING (high level to low level Serial.println("button_interrupt triggered");
    conversion), CHANGE. }

    In this case, we set the "FALLING " interrupt when the key is pressed.

    When you press the button, you will see the following:

    But why do we only press a button once and have three


    interrupts?
    Please think carefully and we will answer in the second part.
    After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- demo2 and click UPLOAD
    to upload the program.

    Because of bouncing, we need to add a short delay to eliminate the bouncing.

    Using a long delay is not efficient as the MCU is doing nothing.

    So milliseconds are used to determine if the key has been pressed twice or not.

    The time we use to discriminate between bouncing or 2 genuine presses is 200 milliseconds.
    Greater than 200 ms determines that it is not switch bounce.

    if (200 < (abs(time_buttonApin - last_time_buttonApin)))


    {
    Serial.println("buttonApin have been pressed");
    last_time_buttonApin = time_buttonApin; //update the time you press
    }

    Part 3 : Dynamic Scanning of Digital Display


    Dynamic Scanning Display: Send font codes and corresponding bit selection to each digital display in
    turn, even though there is only one digit working. The principle of Persistence of Vision enables you
    to see all numbers displayed because each the scanning speed is so fast that you hardly notice
    the intervals.

    Demo3:
    After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- demo3 and click UPLOAD to
    upload the program.

    Part 4 Creating Multifunctional Timer


    Thoughts：

    After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- MyTimer and click UPLOAD
    to upload the program.

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