Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 5 views

    Echelon Forms

    Uploaded by

    ArshiaAijaz
    The document discusses row echelon forms and reduced row echelon forms of matrices including their definitions and properties. It also discusses rank of a matrix and includes practice problems to determine the form of given matrices and find their ranks.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Echelon Forms

    Uploaded by

    ArshiaAijaz
    5 views2 pages
    The document discusses row echelon forms and reduced row echelon forms of matrices including their definitions and properties. It also discusses rank of a matrix and includes practice problems to determine the form of given matrices and find their ranks.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses row echelon forms and reduced row echelon forms of matrices including their definitions and properties. It also discusses rank of a matrix and includes practice problems to determine the form of given matrices and find their ranks.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    5 views2 pages

    Echelon Forms

    Uploaded by

    ArshiaAijaz
    The document discusses row echelon forms and reduced row echelon forms of matrices including their definitions and properties. It also discusses rank of a matrix and includes practice problems to determine the form of given matrices and find their ranks.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Linear Algebra: Echelon forms:

    Following are the Elementary Row Operations that can be applied to any matrix.
     Multiply a row through by a nonzero number.
     Interchange two rows.
     Add an integer multiple of one row to another row.

    Row Echelon Form:

    A matrix is in row-echelon form if:


    1. For each row the first nonzero entry is 1 (called a leading 1).
    2. All elements below leading 1 are zero.
    3. Rows consisting entirely of zeros (if any) occur at the bottom of the matrix.

    1 3 2 4 0
    0 0 1 0 4
    Example #1 :
    0 0 0 1 2
    0 0 0 0 0

    Reduced Row Echelon Form:

    A matrix is in reduced row-echelon form if:


    1. For each row the first nonzero entry is 1 (called a leading 1).
    2. All elements above and below leading 1 are zero.
    3. Rows consisting entirely of zeros (if any) occur at the bottom of the matrix.
    1 3 0 0 0
    0 0 1 0 4
    Example # 2:
    0 0 0 1 2
    0 0 0 0 0

    Identity Matrix is also a Reduced Row Echelon Form.

    Rank of a Matrix:

    Number of nonzero rows in Reduced Row Echelon form is the rank of the matrix.

    For example: the rank of the matrix in example #2 is 3.

    *** Row Echelon form of a matrix can be more than one, depending on the sequence of row
    operations while the Reduced Row Echelon form is unique for every matrix. ***

    PRACTICE PROBLEMS
    Q1) Determine whether the matrix is in row echelon form or reduced row echelon form or neither.

    1 1 12 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 −2
    a) A = 0 2 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
    b) c)
    0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
    0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

    Ms. Arshia Aijaz Page 1 of 2


    Linear Algebra: Echelon forms:

    1 0 0 0 1 0 0
    0 −1 0 0 e) 0 1 0
    d)
    0 0 0 0 0 0 1
    0 0 0 1

    Q2) Reduced the following matrices in indicated form:

    1 −2 3 −1
    i) 2 −1 2 2 Row Echelon form
    3 1 2 3
    1 2 −1 4
    2 1 3 −1
    ii) Reduced Row Echelon form
    −1 0 2 2
    1 2 1 0
    1 −1 3 2 1
    3 2 3 2 −1
    iii) Row Echelon form
    2 1 0 2 0
    −1 2 2 2 0
    1 3 −1 2
    0 11 −2 3
    iv) Reduced Row Echelon form
    2 −2 3 1
    4 1 1 5
    Q3) Find the rank of the following matrices:

    1 3
    0 −2
    i)
    5 −1
    −2 3
    1 2 −3
    2 1 0
    ii)
    −2 −1 3
    −1 4 −2

    Ms. Arshia Aijaz Page 2 of 2

    You might also like