GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (WINDOWS)

Graphical user interface (GUI) is the graphic based interface for the user to communicate
with the computer. In the earlier operating system like MS-DOS text based or character based
interface is used which required type the command and press enter key. But our modern
computer use graphics based operating system interface that uses icons, menus and a mouse
(to click on the icon or pull down the menus) to manage interaction with the system.

WINDOWS
Window is the family of operating system (OS) developed by Microsoft Corporation for
personal computers. Window is the graphic based operating system. Windows makes it
possible to complete all types of everyday tasks on your computer. For example, you can use
Windows to browse the Internet, check your email, edit digital photos, listen to music, play
games, and do much more. key features of windows are:

 Friendly and Windows operating system is a GUI (Graphical User Interface) system All the
applications can be accessed efficiently with very high speed by simply clicking at their
respective graphical symbols (Icons)
 Capacity disks. It is capable of multitasking, i.e. it can execute more than one task
simultaneously
 Various operations like creating, deleting, copying files and folders can be done easily by
just clicking on the graphical icons.
 It runs each program or application in its own separate window So, if at any point the
Numbers of screens are open, and then user can easily switch between windows The
feature of Control Panel in windows helps the user to manipulate the various hardware
and software components of the computer system You can easily add any kind of new
 Software and hardware devices to your system.
 . Windows operating system also supports multimedia application programs, which help us
to play songs, movies and animations etc.
 The screensaver feature protects your computer’s screen from burning when it is not being
used over for a long period It has a special disk compression programs that help the user to
store the data in hard disk in a compressed format, which result in saving a lot of disk
space.
 Windows supports powerful Plug-n-Play feature. This means user can directly attach the
Peripheral device to the computer and windows automatically detects and installs required
device drivers for the device.
 Windows enables user to have file names up to 255 characters long which was limited to 8
Characters in MS-DOS.
 Windows automatically checks and repairs hard disk of computer through its scandisk
Utility, when it is started after an improper shutdown.
 Windows supports OLE (Object Linking and Embedding to embed and link a part of one
program into other program.
 Windows operating system provides built-in internet functionality to set up link and access
  Internet with less amount of software and hardware requirement A vast number of utility
software’s like Notepad, WordPad. Ms-Paint and Calculator are available for use under
windows platform Windows offer very easy and user friendly techniques to arrange file and
folders on huge capacity disk.

ANTONOMY OF WINDOWS
The anatomy of windows means different components or parts of a window a user can see
while working with a window

The major components or parts of a window are:

 Application Window
Application window contains a running application. Application Windows have menu bar
and May also contain one more documents Windows.
 Document window
Document window contains a document used by an application. Generally, document
windows Appear within application windows and are often referred to as child windows.
This is because document windows close when you exit the application associated with it
 Title bar
This is the area located at the top of a window (just inside the border) which Name. You
can move the window by dragging the title bar.

 Menu bar
Menus provide access to available commands. Menu bar contains different menu items.
Click menu name or press ALT and type the underscored character in the menu name to
open a menu
 Window bar
 This is the area framing the window. Note that the border is separated into And corner
segment. Click and drag the border to resize the window
 Work area
It is that area of the window from where you can read the types text or write the text with
to this help of keyboard. It is also termed as “User area”, because user has full access area
 Scroll bar
When the contents of currently opened window are beyond the visibility ie they are unable to be
seen in the work area then scroll bar help to view those contents. The vertical scroll bar helps in
vertical movement of the page and the horizontal scroll bar helps in the horizontal movement
 Minimize button
When the contents of currently opened window are beyond the visibility ie they are unable to be
seen in the work area then scroll bar help to view those contents. The vertical scroll bar helps in
vertical movement of the page and the horizontal scroll bar helps in the horizontal movement
 Restore button
Restore button restore an icon and document window to its original size
 Close button
This button is located on right most position from the array of three buttons on the top right corner
of the window This button can be used to close the window
 Control menu
This menu is found on the top left corner of the window Some applications represent it with their
icons This menu contains commands for manipulating the windows such as closing the window,
restoring the window, moving the window resizing the window minimizing the window, maximizing
the window
 Status bar
Status bar is placed at the bottom of the window. It shows the status of a particular window
 Ruler
To check the page size exactly by measuring it in inches or centimeters, you use rulers
 Tool bar
The tool bar consists of various tools which make the processes to be executed faster by the use of
various tools available in the tool bar.

VERSIONS OF WINDOW
Microsoft window has been around since the mid-1980s. it has major 15 version since ever first
release in 1985. Here is the list of all versions of Microsoft windows:

 Window 1
 MS-DOS – Microsoft Disk Operating System (1981)
 Windows 1.0 – 2.0 (1985-1992)
 Windows 3.0 – 3.1 (1990-1994)
 Windows 95 (August 1995)
 Windows NT 3.1 – 4.0 (1993 – 1996)
 Windows 98 (June 1998)
 Windows ME – Millennium Edition (September 2000)
 Windows 2000 (February 2000)
  Windows XP (October 2001)
 Windows Vista (November 2006)
 Windows 7 (October, 2009)
 Windows 8
 Windows 10
 Windows 11

INTRODUCTION TO WINDOWS 7
Window 7 is an operating system lunched by the Microsoft for use on a personal computer,
including home and business desktop, notebook etc.

Starting windows

Starting windows is typically an uneventful happening. Just after switching on the power of the
system it automatically boots up in its popular graphical interface. After booting, the first view of
the windows operating system is known as desktop that contains icons, shortcuts, windows and
the taskbar. You can think of the desktop as the main workspace for your computer- from here,
you can view and manage your files, open applications, access the Internet, and much more.

When you turn on your computer, Windows 7 starts automatically, but you may have to navigate
the Welcome screen along the way. The first time you start your computer, you may need to run
through a series of following configuration steps:

1. Turn ON The computer.

2. Click on the computer correspond to the username.
3. Type the password and then ender.

Desktop

When you start your computer loaded with windows operating system, the first thing you the
desktop. The desktop is your work area, where you can access everything you need to open your
computer, such as system components, applications, the Internet, etc.
The start menu

The Microsoft Windows Start menu is the primary location in Windows operating system to locate
your installed programs and find any files or folders By default the Start menu is accessed by
Clicking Start, which has the Windows logo on it and is located in the bottom-left comer of the window
desktop screen.

The Start menu can be used to quickly start or open the installed programs. The programs divided into two
sections the quickly available programs pinned to the start menu (the upper ction) and the recently opened
programs (below the horizontal line)

By default the start menu is filled with less important programs, while most of the time the newly installed
and important programs are hidden behind the sub menu All Programs Every newly installed
program/software adds a folder and shortcuts to the menu All Programs, which makes the program easy to
find.

Taskbar

The taskbar is the thin strip that runs across the bottom of your screen. It is split into a number of different
areas around Start button. Quick Launch icons, a notification area, and a clock All other areas are the
Taskbar itself. The image below shows where the different areas are
  Start button: The most important part of the Taskbar is the Start button. The Start button is where
a lot of the action takes place in Windows 7 the Start button can be found in the bottom left of your
screen, and looks like this.
 Click the Start button once with your left mouse button and you will see a menu Se menu) appear
 Quick Launch Icons: These are quick launch icons, meaning you can quickly launch any c the
programs you see there. When you hold your mouse over one of the icons, you will see small
popup rectangle that shows you a preview of any open windows. We are holding our mouse over
the Firefox icon. It used bitmap displays and added the mouse a way to navigate the operating
system

Click on the preview window and it opens the program up in full screen.
 Notification Area: The Notification area, formally called the System Tray, is the area of the Taskbar
where you can view programs and tasks that are running in the background, as well as view
important messages about updating your computer the Notification area shows three icons.

Control panel

The Control Panel is a part of the Microsoft Windows which allows users to view and manipulate
basic system settings and controls, such as adding hardware adding and removing software,
controlling user accounts and changing accessibility options.

Control Panel is full of specialized tools that are used to change the way Windows looks and
behaves. Some of these tools help us to adjust settings that make our computer more fun to use.
For example: Use Mouse to replace standard mouse pointers with animated icons that move on
our screen, or Use Sounds and Audio Devices to replace standard system sounds with sounds we
choose.

Use of control panel:

 Setting display properties such as wallpaper, screensaver and color settings.

 Setting keyboard properties character repeat rate. Setting mouse properties like speed of
movement and double click.
 Setting multimedia properties like selecting the type of speakers.
 Adding new hardware to compute.
 Adding or Removing programs or software’s in windows.
 Specifying the regional settings like time zone.
 Managing different user settings.
To open the control panel:

 Click Start Button on the taskbar.

 Click Control Panel on the Start menu.
 The Control Panel opens.

Window 7 gives you three different views for looking at your computer’s control panel:

 Category view: By default, the Control Panel is displayed in Category view, which is
separated into eight categories, ranging from System and Security to Ease of Access. To
open a window with the Control Panel options for any one of these categories, simply click
the category's hyperlink

 Large Icons view: This view displays as many of the large individual Control Panel program
icons as can appear in the Control Panel Windows displays an alphabetical listing the more
than 50 Control Panel programs on your system, ranging from Action Center to Windows.
  Small Icons view: This view displays all the small, individual Control Panel program icons in
the Control Panel.
To view or change the settings for a particular Control Panel option in large icons or Small
ms, you need to double-click the Control Panel program icon.

To switch from Category view to Large Icons or Small Icons view, Click the View by drop-down
button (labeled Category) in the upper-right corner of the Control Panel and then choose Large
Icons or Small Icons from the button's drop-down menu.

Window accessories

Windows comes with a group of specialized utilities known as accessories that can help you do
work on the computer these accessories are not full-featured programs, but they are useful for
specific jobs in the Windows environment Accessories include a calculator, a painting program (MS
Paint), a text editor (Notepad) and a word processor (WordPad)

 Calculator

Calculator is an effective tool designed for doing all kinds of quick calculations you can use
calculator to perform any of the standard operations for which you normally use a handheld
calculator. Calculator performs basic arithmetic operations, such as addition and subtraction, as
well as functions found on a scientific calculator, such as logarithms and facts.
  Paint

Paint is a drawing tool that you can use to create black-and-white or color drawings You can use
this accessory for creating and editing the graphics files you work with. This program offers you a
number of brush, line, and fill tools that you can use when drawing a new image or touching up an
existing one. The Paint accessory can open graphics saved in a variety of different image formats
(including bitmap, JPEG, GIF, TIFF, and PNG). The program can also save the images that you
create or touch up with in these different formats.

 Notepad

Notepad is a basic text editor that you can use to open and edit text files. In Notepad, the File
menu provides you the following commands, which are essential for editing text files New: To
start a new text file.