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Canadian Senior Mathematics Contest: The Centre For Education in Mathematics and Computing Cemc - Uwaterloo.ca

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116 views6 pages

Canadian Senior Mathematics Contest: The Centre For Education in Mathematics and Computing Cemc - Uwaterloo.ca

Uploaded by

ldvmala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The CENTRE for EDUCATION

in MATHEMATICS and COMPUTING


cemc.uwaterloo.ca

Canadian Senior
Mathematics Contest
Wednesday, November 17, 2021
(in North America and South America)
Thursday, November 18, 2021
(outside of North America and South America)

Time: 2 hours c 2021 University of Waterloo


Calculating devices are allowed, provided that they do not have any of the following
features: (i) internet access, (ii) the ability to communicate with other devices,
(iii) information previously stored by students (such as formulas, programs, notes,
etc.), (iv) a computer algebra system, (v) dynamic geometry software.
Do not open this booklet until instructed to do so.
There are two parts to this paper. The questions in each part are arranged roughly in order of
increasing difficulty. The early problems in Part B are likely easier than the later problems in
Part A.
PART A
1. This part consists of six questions, each worth 5 marks.
2. Enter the answer in the appropriate box in the answer booklet.
For these questions, full marks will be given for a correct answer which is placed in the box.
Part marks will be awarded only if relevant work is shown in the space provided in the
answer booklet.
PART B
1. This part consists of three questions, each worth 10 marks.
2. Finished solutions must be written in the appropriate location in the answer
booklet. Rough work should be done separately. If you require extra pages for your
finished solutions, they will be supplied by your supervising teacher. Insert these pages into
your answer booklet. Write your name, school name, and question number on any inserted
pages.
3. Marks are awarded for completeness, clarity, and style of presentation. A correct solution,
poorly presented, will not earn full marks.
At the completion of the contest, insert your student information form inside your
answer booklet.

Do not discuss the problems or solutions from this contest online for the next 48 hours.

The name, grade, school and location, and score range of some top-scoring students will be
published on the website, cemc.uwaterloo.ca. In addition, the name, grade, school and location,
and score of some students may be shared with other mathematical organizations for other
recognition opportunities.
Canadian Senior Mathematics Contest
NOTE:
1. Please read the instructions on the front cover of this booklet.
2. Write solutions in the answer booklet provided.
3. Express answers as simplified√exact numbers except where otherwise indicated.
For example, π + 1 and 1 − 2 are simplified exact numbers.
4. While calculators may be used for numerical calculations, other mathematical
steps must be shown and justified in your written solutions and specific marks
may be allocated for these steps. For example, while your calculator might be
able to find the x-intercepts of the graph of an equation like y = x3 − x, you
should show the algebraic steps that you used to find these numbers, rather than
simply writing these numbers down.
5. Diagrams are not drawn to scale. They are intended as aids only.
6. No student may write both the Canadian Senior Mathematics Contest and the
Canadian Intermediate Mathematics Contest in the same year.

PART A
For each question in Part A, full marks will be given for a correct answer which is placed in
the box. Part marks will be awarded only if relevant work is shown in the space provided
in the answer booklet.
Useful Fact for Part A:
The volume of a square-based pyramid equals one-third times the area of its base times
its height. Similarly, the volume of a triangular-based pyramid equals one-third times
the area of its base times its height.

1. In the diagram, a row of 3 squares is made using


10 toothpicks. In total, how many toothpicks are needed
to make a row of 11 squares?
2. The operation ∇ is defined by a∇b = (a + 1)(b − 2) for real numbers a and b.
For example, 4∇5 = (4 + 1)(5 − 2) = 15. If 5∇x = 30, what is the value of x?

3. Consider the points P (0, 0), Q(4, 0) and R(1, 2). The line with equation y = mx + b
is parallel to P R and passes through the midpoint of QR. What is the value of b?
4. In an experiment, 1000 people receive Medicine A and 1000 different people receive
Medicine B. The 2000 people are asked whether they have severe side effects, mild
side effects, or no side effects. The following information is obtained from the
experiment:
3
(i) The probability that a random person has severe side effects is 25 .
(ii) The probability that a random person with severe side effects was given
Medicine A is 23 .
(iii) The probability that a random person who was given Medicine A has severe or
19
mild side effects is 100 .
(iv) The probability that a random person who was given Medicine B has severe or
3
mild side effects is 20 .

What is the probability that a random person with mild side effects was given
Medicine B?
392
5. What are all real numbers x > 0 for which log2 (x2 )+2 logx 8 = ?
log2 (x3 ) + 20 logx (32)
6. In the diagram, P ABCD is a pyramid with square
base ABCD and with P A = P B = P C = P D. P
Suppose that M is the midpoint of P C and that
∠BM D = 90◦ . Triangular-based pyramid M BCD is M
removed by cutting along the triangle defined by the
points M , B and D. The volume of the remaining C
D
solid P ABM D is 288. What is the length of AB?
A B
PART B
For each question in Part B, your solution must be well-organized and contain words of
explanation or justification. Marks are awarded for completeness, clarity, and style of
presentation. A correct solution, poorly presented, will not earn full marks.

1. (a) Factor x2 − 4 as the product of two linear expressions in x.


(b) Determine the integer k for which 982 − 4 = 100k.
(c) Determine the positive integer n for which (20 − n)(20 + n) = 391.
(d) Prove that 3 999 991 is not a prime number. (A prime number is a positive
integer greater than 1 whose only positive divisors are 1 and itself. For example,
7 is a prime number.)

2. If n is a positive integer, a Leistra sequence is a sequence a1 , a2 , a3 , . . . , an−1 , an with


n terms with the following properties:
(P1) Each term a1 , a2 , a3 , . . . , an−1 , an is an even positive integer.
(P2) Each term a2 , a3 , . . . , an−1 , an is obtained by dividing the previous term in the
sequence by an integer between 10 and 50, inclusive. (For a specific sequence,
the divisors used do not all have to be the same.)
an
(P3) There is no integer m between 10 and 50, inclusive, for which is an even
integer. m

For example, Leistra sequences


1000, 50, 2
1000, 100, 4
3000, 300, 30, 2
106

Not Leistra sequences Reason


1000, 50, 1 (P1) fails – includes an odd integer
1000, 200, 4 (P2) fails – divisor 5 falls outside range ( 1000
200 = 5)
30
3000, 300, 30 (P3) fails – can be extended with 15 = 2
104
104 (P3) fails – can be extended with 13 = 8

(a) Determine all Leistra sequences with a1 = 216.


(b) How many Leistra sequences have a1 = 2 × 350 ?
(c) How many Leistra sequences have a1 = 22 × 350 ?
(d) Determine the number of Leistra sequences with a1 = 23 × 350 .
(In parts (b) and (c), full marks will be given for a correct answer. Part marks may
be awarded for an incomplete solution or work leading to an incorrect answer.)
3. A pair of functions f (x) and g(x) is called a Payneful pair if

(i) f (x) is a real number for all real numbers x,


(ii) g(x) is a real number for all real numbers x,
(iii) f (x + y) = f (x)g(y) + g(x)f (y) for all real numbers x and y,
(iv) g(x + y) = g(x)g(y) − f (x)f (y) for all real numbers x and y, and
(v) f (a) 6= 0 for some real number a.

For every Payneful pair of functions f (x) and g(x):

(a) Determine the values of f (0) and g(0).


(b) If h(x) = (f (x))2 + (g(x))2 for all real numbers x, determine the value of
h(5)h(−5).
(c) If −10 ≤ f (x) ≤ 10 and −10 ≤ g(x) ≤ 10 for all real numbers x, determine the
value of h(2021).
2021
Canadian
Senior
Mathematics
Contest
(English)

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