Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2020

TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY (12, Bold, Center Justified)

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
THAPATHALI CAMPUS

Major/Mino Project Mid-Term Report (12, Bold, Center Justified)

On
[Project Title]

Submitted By: (12, Bold, Center Justified)

[Student Name] ([Student Exam Roll No.]) (14, Center Justified)
[Student Name] ([Student Exam Roll No.])
[Student Name] ([Student Exam Roll No.])
[Student Name] ([Student Exam Roll No.])

Submitted To: (12, Bold, Center Justified)

Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering
Thapathali Campus (12, Center Justified)
Kathmandu, Nepal

July, 2019 (12, Center Justified)

 Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2020

TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY (12, Bold, Center Justified)

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
THAPATHALI CAMPUS

Major/Mino Project Mid-Term (12, Bold, Center Justified)

On
[Project Title]

Submitted By: (12, Bold, Center Justified)

[Student Name] ([Student Exam Roll No.]) (12, Center Justified)
[Student Name] ([Student Exam Roll No.])
[Student Name] ([Student Exam Roll No.])
[Student Name] ([Student Exam Roll No.])

Submitted To: (12, Bold, Center Justified)

Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering
Thapathali Campus
Kathmandu, Nepal (12, Center Justified)

In partial fulfillment for the award of the Bachelor’s Degree in Electronics and
Communication Engineering. (12, Center Justified)

Under the Supervision of (12, Bold, Center Justified)

[Supervisor’s Name] (12, Center Justified)

July, 2019 (12, Center Justified)

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Your acknowledgement here. Your acknowledgement here. Your acknowledgement

here. Your acknowledgement here. (1 – 5 paragraphs)

Sujan Dhungana (Class Roll No.: 070/BEX/142)

[Student Name] (Class Roll No.: 070/BEX/111)

[Student Name] (Class Roll No.: 070/BEX/111)

[Student Name] (Class Roll No.: 070/BEX/111)

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ABSTRACT

Your abstract here. Your abstract here. Your abstract here. Your abstract here. Your
abstract here. Your abstract here. Your abstract here. Your abstract here. Your
abstract here. (a paragraph)

Keywords: [most frequently used words in your report (may be technology,

algorithms etc.) (Italic)

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Table of Contents

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................ i

ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................ii

Table of Contents ....................................................................................................... iii

List of Figures ............................................................................................................... v

List of Tables ............................................................................................................... vi

List of Abbreviations .................................................................................................vii

1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1

1.1 Background ..................................................................................................1

1.2 Motivation ...................................................................................................1

1.3 Problem Definition ......................................................................................1

1.4 Project Objectives ........................................................................................1

1.5 Project Scope and Applications ...................................................................1

2. LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................... 2

2.1 Sub-heading 1 ..............................................................................................2

2.2 Sub-heading 2 and so on ..............................................................................2

3. REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS ............................................................................ 3

3.1 Sub-heading 1 – Project Requirement (may be Hardware and Software

Requirements) ........................................................................................................3

3.2 Sub-heading 2 – Feasibility Study ...............................................................3

4. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE AND METHODOLOGY .................................. 4

4.1 Sub-heading 1 – Block Diagram/Architecture ............................................4

4.2 Sub-heading 2 – Flowcharts/Algorithms (and other design methods) ........4

5. IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS ....................................................................... 5

5.1 Sub-heading 1 for e.g. Hardware Components............................................5

5.2 Sub-heading 2 ..............................................................................................5

5.2.1 Sub-heading of 5.2 .............................................................................. 5

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6. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS ............................................................................... 6

6.1 Sub-heading 1 ..............................................................................................6

6.1.1 Sub-heading 1 of 6.1 ........................................................................ 6

6.2 Sub-heading 2 ..............................................................................................6

7. REMAINING TASK ............................................................................................ 7

8. APPENDICES ...................................................................................................... 8

Appendix A: Circuit Diagram ................................................................................8

Appendix B: PCB Diagram ....................................................................................9

Appendix C: Zigbee Module Specification ..........................................................11

Appendix D: Used Linux Commands [3].............................................................12

References ................................................................................................................... 15

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List of Figures

Figure 4-1: Block Diagram of abc ................................................................................. 4

Figure 4-2: Flowchart of xyz ......................................................................................... 4
Figure 6-1: figure xyz .................................................................................................... 6
Figure 9-1: Circuit Diagram of AVR with sensors and XBee ....................................... 8
Figure 9-2: Circuit Diagram of Motor Driver and Relay ............................................... 9
Figure 9-3: PCB Diagram of AVR with sensors and Xbee (Top Layer) ....................... 9
Figure 9-4: PCB Diagram of AVR with sensors and Xbee (Bottom Layer) ............... 10
Figure 9-5: PCB Diagram of Motor Driver and Relay (Top Layer) ............................ 10
Figure 9-6: PCB Diagram of Motor Driver and Relay (Bottom Layer) ...................... 11

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List of Tables

Table 9-1: XBee S2 Pin Description ............................................................................ 11

Table 9-2: XBee S2 General Features ......................................................................... 11

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List of Abbreviations

AC Alternating Current
ADC Analog to Digital Converter
API Application Programming Interface
BCM Broadcom
CMOS Complementary Metallic Oxide Semiconductor
CMS Center Monitoring System
CSS Cascading Style Sheets
DHCP Dynamic Host Control Protocol
et al. And Others
FTP File Transfer Protocol
FTPS File Transfer Protocol Secure
GIS Geographic Information System
GPIO General Purpose Input Output
GPRS General Packet Radio Service
GPS Global Positioning System
GPU Graphics Processor Unit
GUI Graphical User Interface
HDMI High Definition Media Interface
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HTML Hypertext Markup Language
IDLE Integrated Development Environment
IP Internet Protocol
IOT Internet Of Things
ISP Internet Service Provider
ISR Interrupt Service Routine
IT Information Technology

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1. INTRODUCTION

Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your
introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction
here. Your introduction here.

1.1 Background

Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your
introduction here.

1.2 Motivation

Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your
introduction here.

1.3 Problem Definition

Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your
introduction here.

1.4 Project Objectives

The main objectives of our project are listed below (maximum 2 points and to the
point):

 point 1
 point 2

1.5 Project Scope and Applications

Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your
introduction here.

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2. LITERATURE REVIEW

This chapter contains all the existing works that have already been carried out in
the field related to your project topic. This chapters tells how much you
researched before completing your project. You have to explain each of the
works as a separate sub-topic with following details:

 What is the work of existing/researched related topic?

 How it is done? used methods, techniques, technology, algorithms and any
new innovations of existing/researched related topic)
 Its importance or applications existing/researched related topic
 drawbacks and limitations existing/researched related topic
 Criticize the work of existing/researched related topic
 Link these criticisms on the existing/researched related topic to the
motivation explained in previous chapter.
 Each information should be properly sited.

Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here.
Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here.
Your literature review here. Your literature review here [1].

2.1 Sub-heading 1

Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here.
Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here.
Your literature review here. Your literature review here [2].

2.2 Sub-heading 2 and so on

Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here.
Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here.
Your literature review here. Your literature review here [3].

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3. REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS

Enumerate & describe why and where in your project the hardware components
/ instruments & software are required. Description of requirement analysis.
Description of requirement analysis. Description of requirement analysis. Description
of requirement analysis. Description of requirement analysis [4].

3.1 Sub-heading 1 – Project Requirement (may be Hardware and Software

Requirements)

Description of requirement analysis. Description of requirement analysis. Description

of requirement analysis. Description of requirement analysis. Description of
requirement analysis.

3.2 Sub-heading 2 – Feasibility Study

Description of requirement analysis. Description of requirement analysis. Description

of requirement analysis. Description of requirement analysis. Description of
requirement analysis

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4. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE AND METHODOLOGY

Explain the system block diagram along with the purpose of each block & how
the blocks interact with each other. Explain any flowcharts / algorithms /
methods that your project follows. Your system and architecture here. Your system
and architecture here. Your system and architecture here. Your system and
architecture here. Your system and architecture here.

Center Justified Figure

Figure 4-1: Block Diagram of abc

4.1 Sub-heading 1 – Block Diagram/Architecture

(Explain all the building blocks of your system in details explaining what and
how it does the things)Your system and architecture here. Your system and
architecture here. Your system and architecture here. Your system and architecture
here. Your system and architecture here.

Center Justified Figure

Figure 4-2: Flowchart of xyz

4.2 Sub-heading 2 – Flowcharts/Algorithms (and other design methods)

Your system and architecture here. Your system and architecture here. Your system
and architecture here. Your system and architecture here. Your system and
architecture here.

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5. IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS

Describe how the hardware components / instruments & software function in

your project. Describe the calibration process required for correct operation of
each module. Describe the interfacing technicalities / protocol of each module
used in your project. Explain in detail how all components are interconnected to
make a functioning system. Your system components description here. Your system
components description here. Your system components description here. Your system
components description here. Your system components description here.

5.1 Sub-heading 1 for e.g. Hardware Components

Your system components description here. Your system components description here.
Your system components description here. Your system components description here.
Your system components description here.

5.2 Sub-heading 2

Your system components description here. Your system components description here.
Your system components description here. Your system components description here.
Your system components description here.

5.2.1 Sub-heading of 5.2

Your system components description here. Your system components description here.
Your system components description here. Your system components description here.
Your system components description here.

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6. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

(It contains the results/outputs of your project at the time of mid defense. The
output can be numeric or graphical based. Present the outputs of your project in
the form of tables / graphs / charts / figures and explain their behavior. You can
also represent or write down the results in tabular form if applicable and analyze
that by using graphs or charts. Perform error analysis, comparisons (theory,
simulation, practical) and validate your output. Discuss the sources of errors in
your project that caused your outputs to deviate from expected values. Your text
here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here.
Your text here. Your text here.

6.1 Sub-heading 1

6.1.1 Sub-heading 1 of 6.1

Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your
text here. Your text here. Your text here.

Center justified Figure

Figure 6-1: figure xyz

6.2 Sub-heading 2

Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your
text here. Your text here. Your text here.

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7. REMAINING TASK

Discuss the jobs/tasks that is remaining to meet your initial objectives. Your
remaining task here. Your remaining task here. Your remaining task here. Your
remaining task here. Your remaining task here. Your remaining task here. Your
remaining task here. Your remaining task here. Your remaining task here.

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8. APPENDICES

It may contains the additional topics or data sheets or reference sheets or even user
manual. Project Budget (Detailed Breakdown of Costs), Project Timeline (Gantt
chart), Circuit Diagrams (Should be Clear and Legible), PCB Designs (Should be
Clear and Legible), Module Specifications (Should be brief - Keep only necessary
tables and figures), Details of Dataset can be included here. The appendix name
should be given as follows.

Appendix A: Circuit Diagram

Figure 8-1: Circuit Diagram of AVR with sensors and XBee

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Figure 8-2: Circuit Diagram of Motor Driver and Relay

Appendix B: PCB Diagram

Figure 8-3: PCB Diagram of AVR with sensors and Xbee (Top Layer)

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Figure 8-4: PCB Diagram of AVR with sensors and Xbee (Bottom Layer)

Figure 8-5: PCB Diagram of Motor Driver and Relay (Top Layer)

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Figure 8-6: PCB Diagram of Motor Driver and Relay (Bottom Layer)

Appendix C: Zigbee Module Specification

Table 8-1: XBee S2 Pin Description [4]

Table 8-2: XBee S2 General Features [4]

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Appendix D: Used Linux Commands [3]

General Commands

 apt-get update: Updates your version of Raspbian.

 apt-get upgrade: Upgrades all of the software packages you have installed.
 clear: Clears the terminal screen of previously run commands and text.
 Data: Prints the current date.
 date -s "3 Sep 2015 10:18:00": Reset time and date
 /etc/init.d/ntp start: restart npt.
 find / -name example.txt: Searches the whole system for the file example.txt and
outputs a list of all directories that contain the file.
 nano example.txt: Opens the file example.txt in “Nano”, the Linux text editor.
 poweroff: To shutdown immediately.
 raspi-config: Opens the configuration settings menu.
 reboot: To reboot immediately.
 shutdown -h now: To shutdown immediately.
 shutdown -h 01:22: To shutdown at 1:22 AM.

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 startx: Opens the GUI (Graphical User Interface).

File/Directory Commands

 cat example.txt: Displays the contents of the file example.txt.

 cd /abc/xyz: Changes the current directory to the /abc/xyz directory.
 cp XXX: Copies the file or directory XXX and pastes it to a specified location;
i.e. cp examplefile.txt /home/pi/office/ copies examplefile.txt in the current
directory and pastes it into the /home/pi/ directory. If the file is not in the current
directory, add the path of the file’s location (i.e. cp
/home/pi/documents/examplefile.txt /home/pi/office/ copies the file from the
documents directory to the office directory).
 ls -l: Lists files in the current directory, along with file size, date modified, and
permissions.
 mkdir example_directory: Creates a new directory named example_directory
inside the current directory.
 mv XXX: Moves the file or directory named XXX to a specified location. For
example, mv examplefile.txt /home/pi/office/ moves examplefile.txt in the current
directory to the /home/pi/office directory. If the file is not in the current directory,
add the path of the file’s location (i.e. cp /home/pi/documents/examplefile.txt

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/home/pi/office/ moves the file from the documents directory to the office
directory). This command can also be used to rename files (but only within the
same directory). For example, mv examplefile.txt newfile.txt renames
examplefile.txt to newfile.txt, and keeps it in the same directory.
 rm example.txt: Deletes the file example.txt.
 rmdir example_directory: Deletes the directory example_directory (only if it is
empty).
 scp [email protected]:/some/path/file.txt: Copies a file over SSH. Can be used to
download a file from a desktop/laptop to the Raspberry Pi.
 touch: Creates a new, empty file in the current directory.

Networking/Internet Commands

 ifconfig: To check the status of the wireless connection you are using (to see if
wlan0 has acquired an IP address).
 iwconfig: To check which network the wireless adapter is using.
 iwlist wlan0 scan: Prints a list of the currently available wireless networks.
 iwlist wlan0 scan | grep ESSID: Use grep along with the name of a field to list
only the fields you need (for example to just list the ESSIDs).
 nmap: Scans your network and lists connected devices, port number, protocol,
state (open or closed) operating system, MAC addresses, and other information.
 ping: Tests connectivity between two devices connected on a network. For
example, ping 10.0.0.32 will send a packet to the device at IP 10.0.0.32 and wait
for a response. It also works with website addresses.
 wget http://www.website.com/example.txt: Downloads the file example.txt from
the web and saves it to the current directory.

System Information Commands

 cat /proc/meminfo: Shows details about your memory.

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 cat /proc/partitions: Shows the size and number of partitions on your SD card or
hard drive.
 cat /proc/version: Shows you which version of the Raspberry Pi you are using.
 df -h: Shows information about the available disk space.
 df /: Shows how much free disk space is available.
 dpkg –get-selections | grep XXX: Shows all of the installed packages that are
related to XXX.
 dpkg –get-selections: Shows all of your installed packages.
 free: Shows how much free memory is available.
 hostname -I: Shows the IP address of your Raspberry Pi.
 lsusb: Lists USB hardware connected to your Raspberry Pi.
 vcgencmd measure_temp: Shows the temperature of the CPU.
 vcgencmd get_mem arm && vcgencmd get_mem gpu: Shows the memory split
between the CPU and GPU.

References

(Use IEEE format as follows. Note: This is auto generated reference, do not try
to type manually. Should be left justified.)
[1] B. A., "Wireless Sensor Networks in Precision Agriculture," June 2005.

[2] C. Ayday and S. Safak, "Application of Wireless Sensor Networks with GIS on
the Soil Moisture Distribution Mapping," January 2009.

[3] Circuitbasics.com, "Useful Raspberry Pi Commands," [Online]. Available:

http://www.circuitbasics.com/useful-raspberry-pi-commands/. [Accessed Aug
2015].

[4] Digi.com, "Documentation for XBee ZB (S2B) Modules," [Online]. Available:

http://ftp1.digi.com/support/documentation/90000976_W.pdf. [Accessed Jun
2015].

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[5] P. Wood, "Raspberry Pi and Custard for Schools," [Online]. Available:

http://www.rs-online.com/designspark/electronics/blog/raspberry-pi-and-custard-
for-schools. [Accessed 02 Sept 2015].

[6] B. Corporation, "Broadcam BCM2835 ARM Peripherals," Feb 2012. [Online].

Available: http://www.farnell.com/datasheets/1521578.pdf. [Accessed 2015 Jun
05].

[7] Raspberrypi.org, "GPIO: RASPBERRY PI MODELS A AND B," [Online].

Available: https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/usage/gpio/. [Accessed Jun
2015].

[8] J. E. K. B. a. S. K. Vongsagon Boonsawat, "XBee Wireless Sensor Networks for

Temperature," 2010.

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GUIDELINES

 Language must be English Language.

 You must use “Times New Roman” font with “Bold” and “Italic” variants
whenever needs (except in exported image/diagrams, screenshot of tables etc.).
 For Cover page (First page of this document) and Title page (Second page of this
document), use the font size and style as indicated in First page and Second page.
 From page number ‘i’ to end of the report, use proper headings and paragraph
styles.
 For HEADING 1, use font size 12, style BOLD, UPPERCASE, Spacing (before:
0, after: 12, Line Spacing: 1.5).
 For HEADING 2, use font size 12, style BOLD, Spacing (before: 0, after: 10,
Line Spacing: 1.5).
 For HEADING 3, use font size 12, style BOLD, Spacing (before: 0, after: 8, Line
Spacing: 1.5).
 For HEADING 4, use font size 12, style BOLD, Spacing (before: 0, after: 6, Line
Spacing: 1.5).
 For HEADING 5, use font size 12, style BOLD, Spacing (before: 0, after: 6, Line
Spacing: 1.5) and so on.
 For Normal Paragraph, use font size 12, Spacing (before: 0, after: 18, Line
Spacing: 1.5).
 You can use font size 11 or 12 for labeling the figure and table.
 All Headings must be Left Justified.
 All normal paragraphs must be left and right justified that is fully justified.
 All the tables and figures must be centered justified.
 Page size must be standard A4 size.
 Page margin must be 1.5” at left and all other of 1”.
 Page number must be 0.5” from the bottom and centered at the bottom of the page
 Prefatory pages (before INTRODUCTION) should be numbered in Arabic
numbers (i, ii, iii…) and body part should be numbered in style (1, 2, 3…)
 You can start the numbering from title page but must not number the cover
page.

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 For extensive table of contents and list of figures, you can use 1 line spacing
instead of 1.5 (For extensive Table of contents and list of figures only,
otherwise use 1.5 line spacing as normal paragraph)
 All the figures, tables, charts, equations etc. used in the reports must be numbered
using insert caption under reference of MS Word.
 Reference must be used in ascending order (It means if you use [1] reference in
page 5 and reference [2] in page 6 then you must not use reference [3] in page 4)
using IEEE format.
 Reference should not be numbered as chapter.

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