P t l

Petroleum G
Geoscience
i
Prof Patrick Corbett Dr Helen Lewis
Dr Andy Gardiner Dr Asghar Shams
Dr Gary Couples Prof Dorrik Stow
Dr Helen Lever Prof Simon Stewart

Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh EH12 4AS Slide 1 www.pet.hw.ac.uk
 Patrick Corbett
• B.Sc.
B S 1977 E Exeter
t
• M.Sc. 1978 UCL
• Ph.D. 1993 Heriot-Watt
• 10 yyrs Unocal
• Research: Integration of
Geoscience and
Engineering, Petrophysics,
Well testing

Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh EH12 4AS Slide 2 www.pet.hw.ac.uk
 Gary Couples
• B.S.
B S 1974 T Texas A&M
• M.A. 1977 Rice Univ
• Ph.D. 1986 Texas A&M
• 13 yyrs Cities
Service/Amoco
• Research:
Geomechanics, Basin
Formation, Overpressure,
F t d Reservoirs
Fractured R i

Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh EH12 4AS Slide 3 www.pet.hw.ac.uk
 Andy Gardiner
• M
M.A.
A 1978 C Cambridge
b id
• Ph.D. 1983 Leeds
• 13 yrs Robertsons
Research
• Research: Reservoir
Geology, Outcrop
A l
Analogues ffor Reservoir
R i
Modelling, Impact of
Geological Heterogeneities
on Fluid Flow

Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh EH12 4AS Slide 4 www.pet.hw.ac.uk
 Helen Lever
• M.Sc. 1999 Canterbury
University, New Zealand
• Ph.D.
Ph D 2003 JJames C Cookk
University, Australia
• Research: Sedimentology and
Stratigraphy, Outcrop Analogues
sstudies,
ud es, u
unconformities
co o es a
and
d their
e
impact on flow in the subsurface

Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh EH12 4AS Slide 5 www.pet.hw.ac.uk
 Helen Lewis

Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh EH12 4AS Slide 6 www.pet.hw.ac.uk
 Dorrik Stow
• 1977: PhD Marine
1977 M i Geology,
G l Dalhousie
D lh i U
University,
i it
Canada
• 1977-1980: Exploration Geologist then Senior
Sedimentologist, British National Oil Corporation
(Britoil), Glasgow
• 1980-1984: Royal Society of Edinburgh Research
Fellow (1982-84); NERC Research Fellow (1980-
82), Edinburgh University
• 1984-1989: Lecturer then Reader, Nottingham
University
• 1989-2008: Professor Ocean & Earth Science,
School of Ocean and Earth Science, National
Oceanography Centre, Southampton University
• 2008-present: ECOSSE Chair & Professor,
Heriot-Watt University;
y; Director of Research,,
Institute of Petroleum Engineering
Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh EH12 4AS Slide 7 www.pet.hw.ac.uk
 Simon Stewart
• Geology
G l BS
BSc (Dundee
(D d U University
i i 1989)
• PhD “Structural Geology and
Paleomagnetism
g of the Cantabrian
thrust belt” (Imperial College 1992)
• Geophysicist – North Sea exploration
(Amerada Hess 1992 – 2000,2000 London)
• Well Planning & Operations Geology
Team Leader (BP 2000 – 2008,
Aberdeen, London, Baku)
• Head of Institute (Heriot-Watt
University 2009-
2009 Present)

Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh EH12 4AS Slide 8 www.pet.hw.ac.uk
 Asghar Shams
• Ph D 2004 HWU
Ph.D. HWU-IPE
IPE

• Research:
- Seismic Reservoir characterization
- Gas injection monitoring
- Senior staff member of 4D seismic
research group (ETLP)
- Leader in seismic processing,
processing
interpretation, rock and fluid physics
team.

Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh EH12 4AS Slide 9 www.pet.hw.ac.uk
 Course Design
• Basic Geoscience Understanding This is why we
– Needed to forge the links between geoscientists include a
and engineers Geoscience
course in this
– For others: to be able to appreciate the Programme
information and concepts used by geoscientists leading to a
andd engineers
i iin achieving
hi i th their
i ttasks
k degree in
Petroleum
Engineering

Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh EH12 4AS Slide 10 www.pet.hw.ac.uk
 What is Geoscience ?

Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh EH12 4AS Slide 11 www.pet.hw.ac.uk
 What is Geoscience ?

• A science?

• An art?

• A language?

Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh EH12 4AS Slide 12 www.pet.hw.ac.uk
 What is Geoscience ?
• A science?
-Geology - earth science
-Geophysics - physics of the globe
-Geoengineering
• An art?
- visual data
- graphic presentation
• A language?
- many new terms

Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh EH12 4AS Slide 13 www.pet.hw.ac.uk
 Selection of Geological Images

What do they mean?

Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh EH12 4AS Slide 14 www.pet.hw.ac.uk
 Ranking Them by Scale

What do they show? >>>>>>

Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh EH12 4AS Slide 15 www.pet.hw.ac.uk
 Ranking Them by Scale

Supra-geologist

Sub-geologist

...the
th geologist
l ist iin his/h
his/her place!
l !
Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh EH12 4AS Slide 16 www.pet.hw.ac.uk
 Geoscience is Important
Because:
• All hydrocarbons are located in rocks (reservoirs) within
their pore/fracture systems
• Initial deposition and later geological events control the
distributions
d st but o s of
o reservoirs
ese o s
• Geological/geophysical maps depict the 3-D geometries
of reservoirs/basins

Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh EH12 4AS Slide 17 www.pet.hw.ac.uk
 Geoscience is Important
Because:
• Geological events determine where, and why,
h d
hydrocarbons
b are generated
t d iin b
basins
i
• Rock properties determine reserves and productivity
(what is possible/ economical)
• Mineral characteristics control fluid motion
• Wells are drilled through rocks, and the well/rock junction
is critical to the engineering/geological interface

Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh EH12 4AS Slide 18 www.pet.hw.ac.uk
 Geoscience Provides
Answers:
• What layers are underground
underground, and how they connect
between wells
• What shapes are the reservoirs (How we can “see”
see below
the surface)
• Why and where discontinuities and fractures occur
• How to represent locations and volumes
• What rock properties to use for simulation
• The reservoir volumes, and their uncertainty
• How the hydrocarbons got there

Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh EH12 4AS Slide 19 www.pet.hw.ac.uk
 Some Images
….in order of scale

Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh EH12 4AS Slide 20 www.pet.hw.ac.uk
 Vertical scale = 0.00001m

Image courtesy of Jim Buckman

Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh EH12 4AS Slide 21 www.pet.hw.ac.uk
 Vertical scale: 0.01m

Heriot-Watt University,
Image courtesy Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh EH12 4AS
of BG Slide 22 www.pet.hw.ac.uk
 Vertical scale: 0.1m

Image courtesy of Cliff Ogle

Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh EH12 4AS Slide 23 www.pet.hw.ac.uk
 Vertical scale: 1m

Image courtesy of BG

Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh EH12 4AS Slide 24 www.pet.hw.ac.uk
 Vertical scale: 2m

Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh EH12 4AS Slide 25 www.pet.hw.ac.uk
 Vertical scale: 3m

Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh EH12 4AS Slide 26 www.pet.hw.ac.uk
 Vertical scale: 300m

Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh EH12 4AS Slide 27 www.pet.hw.ac.uk
 Vertical scale: 300m

Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh EH12 4AS Slide 28 www.pet.hw.ac.uk
 Vertical scale: 2000m

Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh EH12 4AS Slide 29 www.pet.hw.ac.uk
 Vertical scale: 6000m

Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh EH12 4AS Slide 30 www.pet.hw.ac.uk
 In Summary
• Geoscience covers a range
g of scales
– 0.00001 to 10000 metres (and beyond…)
• Geoscience involves many specialisms
• Geoscience links between the scales
• Geoscience impacts every aspect of Petroleum
Engineering
– reserves, hydrocarbon type, well productivity
– well placement, orientation, perforations
– drilling performance, operations

Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh EH12 4AS Slide 31 www.pet.hw.ac.uk
 Geoscience In Petroleum
• Drilling Engineering
– Formation properties, lithologies, prognoses, coring,
casing depths, overpressure
• Reservoir
– Reservoir limits, size, poroperm distribution,
compartmentalisation
• Production
– Well inflow, formation damage, well stimulation

Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh EH12 4AS Slide 32 www.pet.hw.ac.uk
 O Ai
Our Aims
• Provide background understanding about the Earth
and how it works
• Focus on aspects that are important to the
exploration and production activities of the Industry
– NOT trying to create junior geoscientists!
– But seeking to enable non
non-specialists
specialists to interact with and
understand geoscientists, and their information and work
practices

Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh EH12 4AS Slide 33 www.pet.hw.ac.uk
 Geologists Aren’t (All) Bad…

This course has been developed

developed, and is taught
taught, by Geologists who have long-term
long term experience
working with Engineers. We are very aware of what Engineers want and need, and the course
has been designed to help Engineers understand Geoscience sufficiently well to work with “us”.
We hope you enjoy the rest of the course.

Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh EH12 4AS Slide 34 www.pet.hw.ac.uk