A LEVEL P1

MARK SCHEME

VECTORS
MARKING SCHEME 1 TOPIC:10 VECTORS

1. (i) Coeff of x3 = 6C3 x 23 B1 B1 B1 for 6C3 B1 for 23

=160 B1 B1 for 160
[3]
(ii) Term in x2 = 6C2 x 22 = 60 B1 B1 for 60 (could be given in (i))
reqd coeff = 1 x (i) – 3 x 60 M1 Needs to consider 2 terms
→ –20 A1 co
[3]

2 (i) ( i + 7j + 2k).(–5i + 5j + 6k) M1 Use of → x1x2 + y1y2 + z1z2

→ –5 + 35 + 12 = 42 M1 Modulus used in dot product
42 =√54 √86 cosθ M1 Everything linked correctly
→ angle AOB = 0.907 A1 Accept if more accuracy given. Must be
radians.
[4] Any combination of OA/AO OB/BO is
ok for the three M1 marks.
If AB used with OA/OB max M1 M1

(ii) BC = ½ (b – a) = – 3i – j + 2k

OC = OB + BC = –5i + 5j + 6k – 3i M1 Could be from OA + AC

– j + 2k = –8i + 4j + 8k A1 Correct only.

Unit Vector = (– 8i + 4j + 8k) ÷ 12 M1A1√ Knowing to divide by length of vector.

[4] (leaving as √ is acceptable for both
marks)

3 OA = 2i + 3j − k OB = 4i − 3j + 2k

(i) OA . OB = 8 − 9 − 2 = −3 M1 Correct use of a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2

OA . OB = √14 X √29 cos AOB M1 M1 Modulus. Correct use of abcos θ
→ AOB = 99o A1 [4] CAO

(ii) AB = b − a = 2i − 6j + 3k B1 CAO
Magnitude of AB = √49 = 7 M1 Use of Pythagoras + division.
1
→ Unit vector = (2i - 6j + 3k) A1√ [3] CAO (use of BA for AB has max 2/3).
7

(iii) AC = −2i + 3j +(p + 1)k B1 CAO - condone a − c here.

4 + 9 + (p + 1)2 = 49 M1 A1√ Correct method for forming an equation
→ p = 5 or −7 A1 [4] CAO
MARKING SCHEME 2 TOPIC:10 VECTORS

 − 2  2
   
4 OP =  3  and OQ =  1 
 1  q
   
 − 2  2
   
(i)  3  .  1  with q = 3, = −4+3+3 =2 M1 Use of a1a2+b1b2+c1c2.
 1  q
   
1 M1 Dot product linked with moduli and cos.
= √14.√14 cosθ = 2 , cosθ =
7 A1 co
[3]
 4 
 
(ii) PQ = q − p =  − 2  M1 Allow for p-q or q-p
 q − 1
 
16 + 4 + (q −1)² = 36 M1 A1 Use of modulus and Pythagoras
→ q = 5 or q = −3 A1 Co (for both)
[4]
 MARKING SCHEME 3 TOPIC:10 VECTORS

 −1   − 2
   
7 (i) AB =  1  and AC =  2  M1 For ±( b−a ) (not b+a)
 − 2  − 4
   
 2 
 
OC = OA + AC =  3  A1 Co
 − 6
 
 2 
  M1 Division by the modulus
Unit vector = 7  3 
1

 − 6
A1√ √for his OC
 
[4]
 4   3  1
     
(ii) m  1  + n 2  =  4
 − 2  − 4 k 
     
→ 4m + 3n = 1 and m + 2n = 4 M1 Forming 2 simultaneous equations
→ m = −2 and n = 3 A1 co
→ k=−8 M1A1 Equation for k in terms of m and n. co
[4]
 MARKING SCHEME 4 TOPIC:10 VECTORS

9 OA = 2i + j + 2k, OB = 3i − 2j + pk
(i) (2i + j + 2k) . (3i − 2j + pk) = 0 M1 For x1x2+y1y2+z1z2 (in (i) or (ii))
→ 6 − 2 + 2p = 0
→ p = −2 A1 co
[2]
(ii) (2i + j + 2k) . (3i − 2j + 6k) nb Part (ii) gains 4 marks if (i) missing.
→ 6 − 2 + 12 allow for ± this A1 co (M1 here if (i) not done)
= 9 × 49 cos θ M1 All connected correctly
→ θ = 40° A1 co
[3]
(iii) AB = i − 3j + (p − 2)k B1 Must be for AB, not BA.
12 + 32 + (p − 2)2 = 3.52 M1 Pythagoras (allow if √ wrong once)
DM1 Method of solution.
→ p = 0.5 or 3.5 A1 co
[4] (use of BA can score the last 3 marks)

10(i) PA = –6i – 8j – 6k B1 Co – column vectors ok

PN = 6i + 2j – 6k B2, 1 One off for each error
[3] (all incorrect sign – just one error)

(ii) PA . PN = –36 – 16 + 36 = –16 M1 Use of x1x2 + y1y2 + z1z2

− 16
cos APN = M1 Modulus worked correctly for either one
136 76 M1 Division of "–16" by "product of moduli"

→ APN = 99° A1 Allow more accuracy

[4]

 2   0   − 2
11 OA =  3 , OB =  − 6 , OC =  5 .
 − 6  8   − 2
     

(i) Scalar product = −18 − 48 M1 Use of x1x2 + y1y2 + z1z2

−66 = abcos θ M1 Linking everything correctly
a= 7 and b= 10 M1 Correct modulus of either a or b.
→ Angle AOB = 160.5º A1 co
[4]

 − 4
 
(ii) AC = c − a =  2  B1 co. allow ±.
 4 
 
Modulus = 6
 − 4  − 20  M1 For modulus and multiplying by “5”
   
Vector = 5 ×  2  or  10  A1 co
 4   20  [3]
   

 2   − 2
(iii)  3− 6p . 5  = 0 B1 For OA + pOB as single vector.
   
 − 6 + 8 p   − 2
1 M1 Scalar product = 0.
→p= A1 Co (beware fortuitous answers)
2 [3]
 MARKING SCHEME 5 TOPIC:10 VECTORS

12 OA = i + 3j + 3k, OC = 3i − j + k.

(i) OB = OA + OC = 4i + 2j + 4k B1 co
1
Unit vector = 6 (4i + 2j + 4k) M1 A1√ Divides by the modulus. √ on OB .
[3]
(ii) AC = OC − OA = 2i − 4j − 2k B1 co
AC . OB = 8 − 8 − 8 = −8 M1 Use of x1 x2 + y1 y2 + z1 z2
OB = 6; AC = 24 M1 Correct method for a modulus.

−8 = 6 × 24 × cos θ M1 Connected correctly provided OB, AC used

θ = 105.8° → 74.2° A1 co (accept acute or obtuse)
[5]
(iii) OA = 19 or OC = 11 B1 Used as a length.
Perimeter = 2(√ + √) M1
→ 15.4 A1 co (accept 15.3)
[3]

13 (i) −8 + 3 + p = 0 M1 Must be scalar.

→ p = 5. A1 co.
[2]
(ii) Vector AB = b − a
= 6i − 2j + (p − 1) k M1 Must be b – a or a − b

36 + 4 + (p – 1)² = 49 M1 A1 Must be sum of 3 squares. A1 √ lost.

→ p = 4 or p = −2 A1 co.
[4]

14 OA = i – 2j + 4k, OB = 3i + 2j + 8k,
OC = –i – 2j + 10k

(i) (±) 2i + 4j + 4k B1 co
(±) 4i + 4j – 2k B1 co

AB.CB = 16 M1 Needs to be scalar.

AB.CB = 36 36 cosθ M1 For product of 2 moduli and cosine
θ = 63.6° M1 A1 All correct.
[6]
(ii) Perimeter = 6 + 6 + 40
or 6 + 6 + 6sin 31.8° × 2 M1 Correct overall method for perimeter.
→ 18.32 A1 co
[2]
MARKING SCHEME 6 TOPIC:10 VECTORS

15 AC = −6i + 10k B1 co (or CA )

BC = −8j +10k B1 co (or CB )

AC.BC = 100 M1 Must be scalar – available for any pair

AC.BC = √136√164 cos ACB M1 For modulus – available for any vector
M1 All linked correctly – for ACB only
Angle ACB = 48.0° A1 co
[6]

10 − a 6
16 (i) = oe M1 or PDE is isos hence PD = 6 (M1)
10 10
a=4 A1 AG
[2]

(ii) BG = –10j – 10i + 4k + 6j B2,1 Any acceptable notation. Loses 1 for

= –10i – 4j + 4k each error.
[2]

(iii) BG.BA = 40 M1 Use of x1 x2 + y1 y2 + z1 z 2

40
cos GBA = M1 Modulus worked correctly for either
132 100 DM1 All ok – must be using ± BG . ± AB .
GBA = 69.6° A1 Must be the acute angle
[4]

17 (i) OA.OB = –6 + 2 + 12 = 8 M1 Use of x1x2 + y1y2 + z1z2

8
cos AOB = M1 Mod worked correctly for either one
14 29 M1 Division of “8” by product of mods
AOB = 66.6° A1
[4]
(ii) 3i – 2j + 4k + p(2i + j – 3k) B1 In any unsimplified form
[1]

(iii) BC = i(3 + 2p) + j(–2 + p) + k(4 – 3p) M1

Their BC .[2i + j – 3k] = 0 M1 Scalar product = 0 used
2(3 + 2p) + (p – 2) – 3(4 – 3p) = 0 A1√ ft from their BC
p = 4/7 0.571 A1 cao
[4]
 MARKING SCHEME 7 TOPIC:10 VECTORS

18 (i) CP = ‒6i + 6j ‒2k B1

CQ = ‒6i + 6j + 3k B1
[2]
(ii) Scalar product = 36 + 36 ‒ 6 M1 Use of x1 x 2 + y1 y 2 + z1 z 2
66 = | CP | | CQ | cos θ M1 Linking everything correctly
| CP | = 76 , | CQ | = 81 M1 Correct magnitude for either
Angle PCQ = 32.7° (or 0.571 rad) A1 cao 147.3° converted to 32.7° gets A0
[4]

19 (i) BA . BC or AB . CB B1 Correct two vectors for angle ABC.

 − 2  6 
    M1 Correct method for one of the sides.
BA =  1  , BC =  − 2 
 2   3 
   
BA . BC = −8 M1 Correct use for any pair of vectors.
= 3 × 7 × cosθ M1 Correct method for moduli.
→ θ = 112.4º or 1.96 radians M1 A1 All linked correctly. co
[6] (67.6º usually gets 4/6)
(ii) OD = OA + AD = OA + BC
M1 Correct method. (allow for d = a + b – c
8
  or for d = a + c – b or for d = b + c – a)
= 1 A1√ for his BC .
A1√
8
  [2]

20 (i) PQ = 3i + 6j – 3k B2,1 Allow B2,1 for either one, B1 for the

B1 other.
RQ = –3i + 8j + 3k [3]

(ii) PQ . RQ = –9 + 48 – 9 = 30 M1 Use of x1x2 + y1y2 + z1z2

= √54 √82 cos RQP M1 Correct use of modulus
M1 All linked correctly
→ RQP = 63.2° A1 co
[4]
 MARKING SCHEME 8 TOPIC:10 VECTORS

x1 x 2 + y1 y 2 + z1 z 2
21 (i) (4i + 7 j − pk ). (8i − j − pk ) = 25 + p 2 M1A1 [2]
(Not 25 + (− p ) )
2

Ft provided equation has no real

(ii) 25 + p 2 = 0 ⇒ no real solutions B1√ [1]
solutions
OA.OB
(iii) cos 60 = used M1 OA.OB must be scalar
OA OB

2 2
Not 65 − p 2
OA = 65 + p or OB = 65 + p M1
65 + (− p )
2
unless follows

25 + p 2 1 his scalar (i ) 1 Scalar product = 25 + p 2 can score

= or = A1√
65 + p 2
2 65 + p 2 2 here if not scored in part (i)

p = ±3.87 or ± 15 A1 [4]

22 OA = 5i + j + 2k , OB = 2i + 7j + pk M1 Use of x1x2 + y1y2 + z1z2

(i) OA. OB = 10 + 7 + 2p DM1 ....=0

= 0 → p = − 8½ A1 co
[3]
(ii) AB = −3i + 6j + 2k B1 co (accept negative)
Modulus = √(9+36+4) M1 For modulus
Magnitude 28 → 28 ×unit vector M1 Scales by ×28 ÷ modulus.
→ −12i + 24j + 8k. A1 Co – could leave as “4 × …”.
[4]

23 (i) Scalar product = 15‒8+3 M1 Use of x1x2 + y1y2 + z1z2

10 = |OA| |OB| cos θ M1 Correct magnitude for either
|OA| = √26, |OB| = √38 M1 Linking everything correctly
Angle BOA = 71.4 or 71.5 A1 cao
or 1.25 radians [4]

(ii) a+½(b–a) or b+½(a–b) or ½(a+b) M1

–2b + their c oe M1
–6i + 5j + 4k A2,1,0
[4]
 MARKING SCHEME 9 TOPIC:10 VECTORS

24 (i) 2 p 2 − 2 p + 2 + 12 p + 6 → 2 p 2 + 10 p + 8 M1 Correct method for scalar product

u.v = 0 B1 Scalar product = 0
( p + 1)( p + 4) = 0 → p = −1 or p = −4 A1 cao Both solutions required
[3]

(ii) u.v = 2 + 0 + 18 = 20 M1 Use of x1 x2 + y1 y2 + z1 z 2

│u│ = 41 or │v│ = 13 M1 Correct method for moduli
20 = 41 × 13 × cosθ oe M1 All connected correctly
θ = 30.0° or 0.523 rads A1 cao
[4]

25 (i) 3i − 4k, 2i + 3j − 6k.

Dot product = 6 + 24 = 30 M1 Uses x1x2 + y1y2 + z1z2
= 25 × 49 cos θ M1 Method for modulus
→ angle = 31º or 0.54(1) radians. M1 A1 Links everything correctly. co
[4]
(ii) OA = (3i − 4k) × (15 ÷ 5)
→ 9i − 12k M1 A1 M mark for ×(15 ÷ 5) or ×(14 ÷ 7)
OB = (2i + 3j − 6k) × (14 ÷ 7) A1 for OA
→ 4i + 6j − 12k. A1 A1 for OB
[3]
(iii) AB = b − a = −5i + 6j M1 Correct use for either AB or BA
→ Magnitude of 61 or 7.81 M1 Complete method for unit vector.
A1 co
→ Unit vector of (−5i + 6j) ÷ 61
[3]

 2  4  1
     
26 OA =  − 1 , OB =  2  , OC =  3  .
 4  − 2  p
     
 2 
 
(i) AB =  3  Modulus = (4 + 9 + 36 )
 − 6 B1 M1 co. Correct method for modulus
 
 2 
1 
Unit Vector =  3 
7  A1 co for his vector AB.
 − 6 [3]
(ii) OB.OC = 4 + 6 − 2 p
=0 → p=5 M1A1 Dot product = 0. co
[2]
 MARKING SCHEME 10 TOPIC:10 VECTORS

B1
27 (i)

M1A1
Unit vector =
[3] Allow M1A1 for or
etc
(ii) M1A1
or equivalent method
= 56 + 0 + 108 = 164 M1
│ │= √132.25 (= 11.5); │ │= √208 M1 Use of
164 = √132.25 √208 M1 Correct method for moduli
cao A1 All connected correctly. Dependent on
[6]
used

28 1  k 
   
OA =  0  OB =  − k 
 2  2k 
   
1  2 
    M1 Use of x1x2 + y1y2 + z1z2
(i)  0  .  − 2  = 10
 2  4 
   
= √5 × √24 cos θ M1 Product of 2 moduli
→ θ = 24.1º M1 A1 All connected correctly. co
[4]

 k −1 
 
(ii) AB =  − k  allow each cpt ±
 2k − 2  M1 Correct for either AB or BA.
 
(k −1) 2 + k 2 + (2k − 2) 2 M1 Sum of 3 squares (doesn't need =1)
A1 Correct quadratic
→ 6k 2 − 10 k + 4 = 0 A1 co
→ k = 1 or ⅔ [4]

29 (i) p = 2 B1
M1 A1 ft for their p
Unit vector or oe [3]

(ii)
M1 A1

M1 A1 ft from their AB
A1 cao
[5]
M1 A1
[2]
(iii) oe
 MARKING SCHEME 11 TOPIC:10 VECTORS

30 (i) OA.OC = –4p2 – q2 + 4p2 + q2 M1 Attempt scalar product. Allow M1 even

=0 A1 for e.g. OA.OB = 2pq – 2pq etc.
[2]

(ii) CA = OA – OC = (±)(1 + 4 p 2 + q 2 ) (i) M1 Ignore CA = OC–OA

CA = 1 + 4 p 2 + q 2 A1 Not (1 + 4 p 2
+ q2 )
2

[2]

(iii) BA = OA – OB = i + 6j + 2k – (2j – 6k) M1 Allow subtn reversed for both M marks

= (±)(i + 4j + 8k)

xi + yj + z k 1 M1A1 M1 independent of 1st M1

→ (i + 4 j + 8k ) [3]
x2 + y2 + z 2 9

31 OA = i − 2j + 2k, OB = 3i + pj + qk
(i) p = −6, q = 6 B1 B1
[2]
(ii) dot product = 0 → 3 − 2 p + 4p = 0 M1 Use of x1x2 + y1y2 + z1z2 = 0
→ p = −1.5 A1
[2]
(iii) AB = b − a = 2i + 3j + 6k B1 not for b – a.
Unit vector = (2i + 3j + 6k) ÷ 7 M1 A1 M1 for division by modulus. on B1.
[3]

32  3  5
   
OA =  3  and OB =  0  .
 − 4  2
   

 2 
 
(i) OC = AB = b − a =  − 3  M1 Knowing how to find OC
 6 
 

Uses OC and OB B1 Using OC.OB or CO.BO

OC.OB = 22 = 7 × √29 cos BOC M1 M1 M1 Use of x1x2 + ... M1 for

modulus

→ Angle BOC = 54.3⁰ (or 0.948 rad) M1 A1 M1 everything linked.

(nb uses BO.OC loses B1 A1)
(nb uses other vectors – max
[6] M1M1)
 MARKING SCHEME 12 TOPIC:10 VECTORS

33 (i) A = 2xr + πr 2 B1
2x + 2πr = 400 (⇒ x = 200 − πr ) B1
A = 400r − πr 2 M1A1 Subst & simplify to AG (www)
[4]
dA
(ii) = 400 − 2πr B1 Differentiate
dr
=0 M1 Set to zero and attempt to find r
200
r= oe A1
π
x = 0 ⇒ no straight sections AG A1
d2 A
= −2π ( < 0 ) Max B1 Dep on − 2π , or use of other valid
dr 2 [5] reason

34 OA = i + 2j and OB = 4i + pk ,

(i) AB = b − a = 3i − 2j + 6k B1 Must be AB = b − a
Unit vector = (3i − 2j + 6k) ÷ 7 M1 A1 Divides by modulus. √ on vector AB.
[3]

(ii) Scalar product = 4 M1 Use of x1x2 + y1y2 + z1z2

= √5 × √(16 + p²) × cos θ M1 M1 For modulus. All linked correctly
including correct use of cosθ=1/5.
→ p = ±8 A1
[4]

35 (i) OD = 4i + 3j B1
CD = 4i + 3j ‒10k B1 for OD – 10k
[2]

(ii) OD.CD = 9 + 16 = 25 M1 Use of x1 x2 + y1y2 + z1z2

│OD│= √25 or │CD│= √125 M1 Correct method for moduli
25 = 25 × 125 × cosθ oe M1 All connected correctly
ODC = 63.4˚ (or 1.11 rads) A1 cao
[4]
 MARKING SCHEME 13 TOPIC:10 VECTORS

36 (i) OA.OB = –3p2 – 4 + p4 soi M1

(p2 + 1)(p2 – 4) = 0 oe e.g. with substitution M1 Put = 0 (soi) and attempt to solve
p = ±2 and no other real solutions A1
[3]
 9   − 3  12 
     
(ii) BA =  4  −  − 1  =  5  M1 Reversed subtraction can score M1M1A0
9  9   0 
     

BA = 12 2 + 5 2 = 13 and division by their 13 M1

12 
1 
Unit vector =  5  cao A1
13  
0 [3]

 − 2  3
   
37 (i) (b − a).(b − c) =  − 1  .  2  M1 AB = b − a once (a – b is ok)
 2   4 M1 Use of x1x2... with AB and CB
   
→ −6 − 2 + 8 = 0 → 90° A1 All correct
[3]
 2 
 
(ii) Unit vector = ⅓  1  M1 Method for unit vector.
 − 2
 
 8 
 
CD = 12 × unit vector = ±  4  M1 Knows to multiply by 12 or ±4BA
 − 8
 
 12 
 
OD = OC + CD =  9  M1 A1 Correct method. co
 − 2 [4]
 

38 (i) Angle BAC needs sides AB,AC or BA,CA

AB.AC = (b − a).(c − a) Ignore their labels:
 4   0
   
   
=  − 2 .  3 = 10 B1 One of AB, BA, AC, CA correct
   
    M1 Use of x₁x₂ + y₁y₂, etc.
 4   4
   

= √36 × √25 cos BAC M1M1 M1 prod of moduli. M1 all linked

→ BAC = cos−1 1 AG A1 If e.g. BA.OC max B1M1M1. If both
3
vectors wrong 0 / 5. If e.g. BA.AC
 1
used → cos–1  − 3  final mark A0
 

[5]
MARKING SCHEME 14 TOPIC:10 VECTORS

1
(ii) sinBAC = 1 − B1 Use of s² + c² = 1 − not decimals
9
1
Area = × 6 × 5 × 8 = 5√8 oe M1 A1 Correct formula for area. Decimals seen A0
2 9
[3]