on the surface of the earth. A landform: natural feature of the earth’s surface. iad Beas of the: Bartht, Mouniains Landers ing (definition, types and thelr mation): ‘mountains - fold, residual and block. Plateaus - intermont and volcanic. and depositional: ria anda ‘each other. This res Examples from the Wo! qe deposits 2 er ree er more plates. The ‘The earth is mad ae of a sel iss ° Shs Ont _ namely Cet Tae imost all the fold mountain ranges peas DS Of the morid have been formed this) way- Bs not travel to the sui face because forces responsible for the formation of fold rived ‘word ‘The intergal heat of the mountains are cal « the ragk and keeps the term ‘orogenic’ is de ‘puilding’.These forces act of the earth and are t meaning ‘mountain. marily involved in plate tectonics. Plains - structural th therefore, ™m at a tangent to the surface pri ternal Processes) Endogenic Forces ( Diastrophic (large scale) Forces a Epeirogenic Orogenic (Continent building) Forces (Mountain building) Forces: Block Mountains, Basins, Fold Mountains, Faults, Plateaus, Landforms Rit valleys, Plains Fig. 5.1: Forces causing formation of landformsLANDFO! There are a large number © surface of the carth Thes of Fold Mo segfhey have been formed lat Fold Mountains. the Old jag suzThey have steep sharp pointed snow areas may remain and form residual mountains. © They may also be formed on plateaus that are dissected by rivers. For example the hills and valleys in the Deccan plateau © In Fig. 5.3 the original highland (plateau) is worn down by the down cutting action of rivers to form residual mountains. precipitous relief can exist, depending on the degree of recent erosion.the tand in between SuBSMt alley. [P@block rises. fObnHs Ck houniall, as which havéliiallenea So caledliifionst. mountains ch haveghilfed sumifiteenavelone Sigg steep, other side very gentle. Blockumountains-are-Often Separated by intervening Basins called graben. If there are two parallel faults, the valley floor may sink and a rift valley may be formed (Fig. 5.5). The most extensive system being the African Rift Valley Examples of block mountains are the ¥osges (Gggmeepenc the BlabiRorestmountainsiin. Salt i endasiene a Sete USA are other examples of block mountains. PLATEAUS Plgeaeiemeepned as ar-arec 500,feetabove the ground WHepian Plateau, Nort Arie BolimanyRerayianvand Mexce Volcanic Plateaus They are formed by equptions that sl6Wiyiquaiceur forming a plateau. The Plateau India, especially the north w an example of lava plateau. Other Souteaiica Ps teau, Soham): Bthiopianepiateau. The Peninsular Thdia has enormous accumulation of rock, The CONHWOT@HtRtaneautthas 20dayerseot java suggestng that <. .. enformed this 0!>* ‘extensive Wheduiating =These plains are Diastrophic forces may Mr portion of land beneath the ocean water or may cause submergence of coastal land under ocean water. The Great Plains of the USA were formed due to uplift of land submerged under water. The Great Plains are 8 by Mississippi-Missouri PI fact that they responsible for the vast |. Gulf Coast is another example of an emerged coastal plain. On the other hand, the Coromandel plains in India are the result of mild subsidence followed by sedimentation. Thus, the forces of structural development as well as deposition were active in the formation of these plains. Depositional Plain: cause upl ing in the east and Rockies in the west, The ‘were submerged under water is the existence of many lakes in (ii) Wind Deposition: Most s 90d plain: the India Northern Plains of India; the like the Mississippi Plains i deltaic plains in Egypt an the foothills of m Piedmont Alluvial Plain: described above are a They The flood pla are found and world into Khadar Pl every year) and Bhangar ( In India rene ains are sandy deserts like the Sahara im Afric and the Thar desert in India. They nave irregular and undulating 81 n by existence of sand dunes Loess plains in China : deserts.lake. The submerged iand is surrounded by an embankment fdyke) and drained Sy pumping water into canals. IMPORTANCE OF LANDFORMS sms on the surface of the earth as of energy of the earth. They are basacalir a resuk of enormous heat generated sade the earth and climate factors operaung the surface of the earth. The earth releases energr through tectonic actimity. earthquakes anc volcanoes These internal forces in addition surface weatherimg and erosional forces ¢ dominant factors in sculprunng of chmate as weil The Hiv she India ji) The mo the abode thus the $ uw ~