Scribd
Upload
15 views20 pages

Icmp Igmp

Uploaded by

mishravivek3500
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
15 views20 pages

Icmp Igmp

Uploaded by

mishravivek3500
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

21-2 ICMP

The IP protocol has no error-reporting or error-


correcting mechanism. The IP protocol also lacks a
mechanism for host and management queries. The
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) has been
designed to compensate for the above two deficiencies.
It is a companion to the IP protocol.
Topics discussed in this section:
Types of Messages
Message Format
Error Reporting and Query
Debugging Tools

21.1
General format of ICMP messages

21.2
Types of Messages

ICMP messages are divided into two broad categories:

Error-reporting messages and


Query messages

Code Field
The code field specifies the reason for the particular message
type

Data Section
The data section in error messages carries information for finding the
original packet that had the error.
In query messages, the data section carries extra information based on the
type of the query.
Note

ICMP always reports error messages to


the original source.

21.4
Figure 21.9 Error-reporting messages

21.5
Note

Important points about ICMP error messages:


❏ No ICMP error message will be generated in
response to a datagram carrying an ICMP error
message.
❏ No ICMP error message will be generated for a
fragmented datagram that is not the first fragment.
❏ No ICMP error message will be generated for a
datagram having a multicast address.
❏ No ICMP error message will be generated for a
datagram having a special address such as
127.0.0.0 or 0.0.0.0.

21.6
Figure 21.10 Contents of data field for the error messages

21.7
Figure 21.11 Redirection concept

21.8
Figure 21.12 Query messages

21.9
Echo Request and Reply
The echo-request and echo-reply messages are designed for diagnostic purposes.

Timestamp Request and Reply


Two machines (hosts or routers) can use the timestamp request and
timestamp reply messages to determine the round-trip time needed for an IP
datagram to travel between them. It can also be used to synchronize the
clocks in two machines

Address-Mask Request and Reply


A host may know its IP address, but it may not know the corresponding
mask.

Router Solicitation and Advertisement


a host that wants to send data to a host on another network needs to
know the address of routers connected to its own network.

checksum
In ICMP the checksum is calculated over the entire message (header and
data).
Figure 21.13 Encapsulation of ICMP query messages

21.11
Q: Explain General format of ICMP messages with diagram.
Q : What is Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) in Computer Networks
21-3 IGMP

The IP protocol can be involved in two types of


communication: unicasting and multicasting. The
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is one
of the necessary, but not sufficient, protocols that is
involved in multicasting. IGMP is a companion to the
IP protocol.
Topics discussed in this section:
Group Management
IGMP Messages and IGMP Operation
Encapsulation
Netstat Utility
21.13
Figure 21.16 IGMP message types

21.14
Figure 21.17 IGMP message format

21.15
Type
This 8-bit field defines the type of message, as shown in Table. The value
of the type is shown in both hexadecimal and binary notation.

Maximum Response Time

This 8-bit field defines the amount of time in which a query must be answered
Checksum This is a 16-bit field carrying the checksum. The checksum is
calculated over the 8-byte message.
Group address
The value of this field is 0 for a general query message. The value defines
the groupid (multicast address of the group) in the special query, the
membership report, and the leave report messages.
Figure 21.18 IGMP operation

21.17
IGMP operation

Joining a Group

Leaving a Group

Monitoring Membership
Delayed Response

21.18
Joining a Group

Note

In IGMP, a membership report is sent


twice, one after the other.

21.19
Monitoring Membership

Note

The general query message does not


define a particular group.

You might also like