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Set Theory

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21 views4 pages

Set Theory

Uploaded by

addiyadav9936
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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 Set theory was given by German mathematician Georg Cantor

between years 1874 and 1897.


 A set is a well defined collection of objects or elements.

Notation of sets :
Notation A = { 1,2,3,4,6,10 }
of Sets Elements
of Set

Some Standard Notations For Some Special Sets


N Natural Numbers
W Whole Numbers
Z/I All Integers
Q Rational Numbers
E Even Integers
O Odd Integers
R Real Numbers

Є Belongs to
Є Does not Belongs to
Representation of Sets

Sets are represented by three methods : -

Representation of Sets

Description Roster form or Set Builder Form or Rule


Method
Method Tabular Form

Description Method :

 A well defined description about set is written.


 Description is usually enclosed in curly brackets { }.

Roster Form or Tabular Form :

 Representation of set, elements of set are separated by commas and


are enclosed within curly brackets { }.

Set Builder Form or Rule Method :


 We write a variable representing any element or members of set, put
vertical ‘ | ‘ or colon ‘ : ’ which stands for words ‘ such that ‘ .
Types Of Sets

Finite Set Infinite Set

Empty Set or Null Set or Void


Equal Set
Set

Equivalent Set

Finite Set :

 A set whose elements can be counted, in which the process of counting


it’s elements comes to an end.

Infinite Set :

 A set which has unlimited number of elements is called an infinite set.

Empty Set or Null Set or Void Set :

 A set having no element is called an empty set or null set or void set.
 It is denoted by Ф or { }.

Equal Set :

 Two sets are said to be equal when they have exactly same elements.

Equivalent Set :
 Two ( finite ) sets are equivalent, if their cardinal numbers are same.
 Equivalent sets are written as A B or A ~ B.

Subset

 If every element of one set is also a member of second set, then the first set
is a subset of second set.
 We use the symbol ⊂ to mean “ is a subset of “.

Super Set

 When set A is the subset of set B, then set B is called the super set of A.
 Symbolically :- B ⊃ A.

Power Set

 The collection of all subsets of set A is called the power set of A.


 It is denoted by P(A).
 The power set of a given set is always non-empty.

Universal Set

 A set that contains all the elements under consideration in a given problem is
called an universal set.
 It is denoted by S or U or 𝛏 ( pxi ).

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