FACULTY OF SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS

MODULE MATENA1

O
CALCULUS OF ONE-VARIABLE FUNCTIONS FOR ENGINEERS

CAMPUS APK
ASSESSMENT SICK TEST 2

DATE 24/05/2022 TIME 08:00

EM
ASSESSOR(S) DR C ROBINSON
DR K SEBOGODI

DURATION 90 MINUTES MARKS 50

SURNAME AND INITIALS

STUDENT NUMBER
M

CONTACT NUMBER

NUMBER OF PAGES: 1 + 11 PAGES

INSTRUCTIONS:

1. ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS ON THE PAPER IN PEN.

2. NO CALCULATORS ARE ALLOWED.

3. SHOW ALL CALCULATIONS AND MOTIVATE ALL ANSWERS.

4. IF YOU REQUIRE EXTRA SPACE, CONTINUE ON THE FACING BLANK PAGE AND
INDICATE THIS CLEARLY.

5. YOU ARE NOT ALLOWED TO USE L’HOSPITAL’S RULE.

 MATENA1 SICK TEST 2 – 24 MAY 2022 1/11

Question 1 [10 marks]

For questions 1.1 – 1.10, choose the correct answer, and make a cross (X) in the corresponding
block.
Question a b c d e
1.1 X
1.2 X
1.3 X
1.4 X
1.5 X
1.6 X
1.7 X
1.8 X

O
1.9 X
1.10 X
√
x+1
1.1 Let f be the function defined by f (x) = . Find the domain of f . (1)
x−2
S
(a) (−∞, 2) (2, ∞)
EM S
(b) [−1, 2) (2, ∞)
S
(c) [−1, 2) [2, ∞)
(d) [−1, ∞)
(e) None of the above

1.2 A function f is continuous at a number a if (1)

(a) lim− f (x) = f (a)

x→a

(b) lim+ f (a) = f (x)

x→a

(c) lim f (a) = f (x)

x→a

(d) lim f (x) = f (a)

x→a
M

(e) None of the above.

1.3 The Intermediate Value Theorem states that if f is continuous on the closed interval [a, b]
and d is between f (a) and f (b), f (a) 6= f (b), then there exists a number c in (a, b) such
that: (1)

(a) f (a) = f (b)

(b) f (c) = d
(c) d = 0
(d) f (d) = c
(e) None of the above.
 MATENA1 SICK TEST 2 – 24 MAY 2022 2/11

1.4 The point P (−3, −8) is on the graph of y = f (x). Which point will definitely be on the
graph of y = −f (x − 5)? (1)

(a) (−8, −8)

(b) (−8, 8)
(c) (2, 8)
(d) (8, −8)
(e) None of the above.

x2 − x + k
 
1.5 For what value of k does lim exist? (1)
x→4 x−4

O
(a) −12
(b) −4
(c) 3
(d) 7
(e) None of the above.
EM
1.6 Suppose g(x) = h(x) cos x and h (π) = 2 and h0 (π) = −3. Find g 0 (π). (1)

(a) 3
(b) −3
(c) 2
(d) −2
(e) None of the above.

1.7 Determine lim+ arctan(ln x). (1)

x→0

π
(a)
2
π
M

(b) −
2
(c) ∞
(d) −∞
(e) None of the above.
d
1.8 (ln(sec x)) = (1)
dx
(a) tan x
(b) cos x
(c) sec x tan x
(d) − csc2 x
(e) None of the above.
 MATENA1 SICK TEST 2 – 24 MAY 2022 3/11

1.9 Consider the statements below: (1)

(i) If f is continuous at a then it is differentiable at a.
(ii) There exists a function f and an x-value a such that f is continuous at a but not
differentiable at a.
(iii) If f is differentiable at a then it is continuous at a.
(iv) There exists a function f and an x-value a such that f is differentiable at a but not
continuous at a.
Which two statements are true?

(a) (i) and (ii)

(b) (i) and (iv)

O
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (iii) and (iv)
(e) None of the above combinations are correct.
sin 4x
1.10 lim = (1)
x→0 7x
EM
(a) 0
(b) 1
4
(c)
7
7
(d)
4
(e) The limit does not exist.
Question 2 [3 marks]
√
Use the Squeeze Theorem to evaluate lim+ xesin(π/x) . (3)
x→0
π 
Solution: When x 6= 0 we know that sin is defined, and we also know that
x
M

π 
−1 6 sin 6 1.
x
Hence,
π
e−1 6 esin( x ) 6 e.
√ √
For x > 0 we have x > 0. Therefore, we can multiply everywhere above by x knowing that
the direction of the inequalities will not change. This gives us
√ −1 √ sin( π ) √
xe 6 xe x 6 xe.
Using the Direct Substitution Property we get
√ √
lim+ xe−1 = 0 and lim+ xe = 0.
x→0 x→0

Hence, we can apply the Squeeze Theorem to get

√ π
lim+ xesin( x ) = 0.
x→0
 MATENA1 SICK TEST 2 – 24 MAY 2022 4/11

Question 3 [4 marks]
For what values of b is
x − b

if x ≤ 0
f (x) = b + 1
x 2 + b if x > 0
continuous at every x? (4)

Solution: For x < 0, f will be continuous when b 6= −1 since it is linear. If x > 0, f is continuous
for all b since f (x) = x2 + b is a polynomial function.

For f to be continuous at x = 0, we must have lim− f (x) = lim+ f (x) and then lim f (x) = f (0).
x→0 x→0 x→0
Now,

O
−b x−b −b
f (0) = and lim− f (x) = lim− = ,
b+1 x→0 x→0 b+1 b+1
and
lim+ f (x) = lim+ x2 + b = 02 + b = b


x→0 x→0

−b
We thus need = b or b2 + 2b = 0. Hence, b(b + 2) = 0, and so b = 0 or b = −2. Therefore,
b+1
EM
f will be continuous when b = 0 or b = −2.

Question 4 [4 marks]
Use the Intermediate Value Theorem to show that ex = 2 has a solution. (4)

Solution: Let f (x) = ex . Then we have

f (0) = f (0) = e0 = 1 f (ln 4) = eln 4 = 4

Hence, f (0) 6= f (ln 4) and f (0) = 1 < 2 < 4 = f (ln 4). The function f is continuous everywhere,
so it is continuous on the interval [0, ln 4]. Hence, the Intermediate Value Theorem says that
there is at least one number c ∈ (0, ln 4) such that f (c) = 2. Therefore, the equation ex = 2 has
M

a solution.

Alternative solution: Let g(x) = ex − 2. For x = 0 we have g(0) = e0 − 2 = 1 − 2 = −1. For x = 1

we have g(1) = e1 − 2 = e − 2 > 0 since e ≈ 2.7.

Therefore, we have that g(0) 6= g(1) and g(0) < 0 < g(1). The function g is continuous every-
where since it is the difference between an exponential function (which is continuous everywhere)
and a constant function (which is also continuous everywhere). Hence g is continuous on [0, 1].
By the Intermediate Value Theorem, there must exist c ∈ (0, 1) such that g(c) = 0. That is, there
exists c ∈ (0, 1) such that ec = 2.
 MATENA1 SICK TEST 2 – 24 MAY 2022 5/11

Question 5 [3 marks]
√
x2 + 100 − 10
Evaluate lim . (3)
x→0 x2
Solution:
√ √ √
x2 + 100 − 10 x2 + 100 − 10 x2 + 100 + 10
lim = lim × √
x→0 x2 x→0 x2 x2 + 100 + 10
x2 + 100 − 100
= lim √

x→0 x2 x2 + 100 + 10
x2
= lim √

x→0 x2 x2 + 100 − 10

O
1
= lim √
x→0 2
x + 100 + 10
1
=p
2
(0) + 100 + 10
1
=√
100 + 10
EM 1 1
= =
10 + 10 20

Question 6 [4 marks]
Consider the curve given by y 2 − 2xey = ex . Find an equation of the tangent to the curve at the
point (0, −1). (4)

Solution: Differentiating on both sides with respect to x gives:

d d x
y 2 − 2xey =


(e )
dx dx
d d d x
y 2 − 2 (xey ) =


∴ (e )
dx dx dx
∴ 2yy 0 − 2 (xey y 0 + ey (1)) = ex
M

∴ 2yy 0 − 2xey y 0 − 2ey = ex

Solving for y 0 , we get

2yy 0 − 2xey y 0 − 2ey = ex

∴ y 0 (2y − 2xey ) = ex + 2ey
ex + 2ey
∴ y0 =
2y − 2xey
Hence, the slope of the tangent line is
2
0 −1 1+
m=
e + 2e
= e = −e − 2 ,
2(−1) − 2(0)e −1 −2 2
 
−e − 2
and so the equation of the tangent line is y = x − 1.
2e
 MATENA1 SICK TEST 2 – 24 MAY 2022 6/11

Question 7 [3 marks]
Use the ε, δ definition of a limit to prove that lim (2x + 3) = 5. (3)
x→1

Solution: Let ε > 0. We have to find a δ such that

0 < |x − 1| < δ → |(2x + 3) − 5| < ε.

So we start with |(2x+3)−5| < ε and work backwards with the aim to finish with some statement
about |x − 1|:

|(2x + 3) − 5| < ε
⇐⇒ − ε < 2x + 3 − 5 < ε

O
⇐⇒ − ε < 2x − 2 < ε
⇐⇒ − ε < 2(x − 1) < ε
ε ε
⇐⇒ − < x − 1 <
2 2
ε
⇐⇒ |x − 1| <
2
ε
EM
Our ‘guess’ for δ will be . We must show that our ‘guess’ for δ does indeed work. Suppose that
2
ε
|x − 1| < δ, i.e. that |x − 1| < . Then
2
ε ε
− <x−1<
2 2
⇐⇒ − ε < 2(x − 1) < ε
⇐⇒ − ε < 2x − 2 < ε
⇐⇒ − ε < 2x + 3 − 5 < ε
⇐⇒ |(2x + 3) − 5| < ε

We have shown that

lim (2x + 3) = 5.
x→1
M
 MATENA1 SICK TEST 2 – 24 MAY 2022 7/11

Question 8 [3 marks]
Evaluate (3)
1 1
−
(x + h)2 x2
lim .
h→0 h
Solution:

1 1 x2 − (x + h)2
−
(x + h)2 x2 x2 (x + h)2
lim = lim
h→0 h h→0 h
x − (x + h)2
2

O
= lim
h→0 hx2 (x + h)2

x2 − x2 − 2xh − h2
= lim
h→0 hx2 (x + h)2
−2xh − h2
= lim 2
h→0 hx (x + h)2

−h (2x + h)
EM = lim 2
h→0 hx (x + h)2

− (2x + h)
= lim 2
h→0 x (x + h)2
−2x
= 4
x
−2
= 3
x
M
 MATENA1 SICK TEST 2 – 24 MAY 2022 8/11

Question 9 [4 marks]
Evaluate the following limits:
4 − 3ex
(a) lim (1)
x→−∞ 5ex + 8

Solution:

4 − 3ex 4 − 3(0)
lim x
=
x→−∞ 5e + 8 5(0) + 8
4 1
= =
8 2

O
√ 
(b) lim 2
4x + 3x − 2x . (3)
x→∞
EM Solution:
√ √ √ !
  4x 2 + 3x + 2x
lim 4x2 + 3x − 2x = lim 4x2 + 3x − 2x × √
x→∞ x→∞ 4x2 + 3x + 2x
4x2 + 3x − 4x2
= lim √
x→∞ 4x2 + 3x + 2x
3x
= lim √
x→∞ 4x2 + 3x + 2x
1
√
3x 2
= lim √ × x
x→∞ 4x2 + 3x + 2x 1
√
x2
3
= lim r
x→∞ 4x2 + 3x
M

+2
x2
3
= lim r
x→∞ 3
4+ +2
x
3
=√
4+0+2
3
=
4
 MATENA1 SICK TEST 2 – 24 MAY 2022 9/11

Question 10 [4 marks]
The function below is continuous everywhere. (4)
(
x2 − 2 if x 6 2
f (x) =
x3 − 6 if x > 2

f (x) − f (a)
Use f 0 (a) = lim to determine whether f is differentiable at x = 2.
x→a x−a
Solution: If x < 2, then f (x) = x2 − 2. Hence,

f (x) − f (2) x2 − 2 − (4 − 2)
lim− = lim−

O
x→2 x−2 x→2 x−2
2
x −4
= lim−
x→2 x − 2
(x − 2)(x + 2)
= lim−
x→2 x−2
= lim− (x + 2)
x→2
EM =2+2
=4

If x > 2, then f (x) = x3 − 6. Hence,

f (x) − f (2) x3 − 6 − (4 − 2)
lim+ = lim+
x→2 x−2 x→2 x−2
3
x −8
= lim+
x→2 x − 2
(x − 2)(x2 + 2x + 4)
= lim+
x→2 x−2
2
= lim+ (x + 2x + 4)
x→2
= 4 + 2(2) + 4
= 12
M

f (x) − f (2) f (x) − f (2)

Therefore, since lim− 6= lim+ , the function f is not differentiable at
x→2 x−2 x→2 x−2
x = 2.
 MATENA1 SICK TEST 2 – 24 MAY 2022 10/11

Question 11 [4 marks]
Prove the Quotient Rule of differentiation. That is, prove that if f and g are differentiable then

g(x)f 0 (x) − f (x)g 0 (x)

 
d f (x)
= .
dx g(x) [g(x)]2

(4)

O
EM
M
 MATENA1 SICK TEST 2 – 24 MAY 2022 11/11

Question 12 [2 marks]
If f (x) = ln(x + ln x), find f 0 (1). (2)

Solution: We first calculate the derivative of f :

 
0 1 1
f (x) = 1+
x + ln x x
1 1
= +
x + ln x x (x + ln x)
x+1
=
x (x + ln x)
1+1

O
Hence, f 0 (1) = = 2.
(1) (1 + ln 1)
EM
Question 13 [2 marks]
Differentiate: (2)
√
3
y = cos x tan 2x + x

Solution:
d  1

y0 = cos x tan 2x + x 3
dx
1 2
= 2 cos x sec2 2x + tan 2x (− sin x) + x− 3
M

3
1
= 2 cos x sec2 2x − sin x tan 2x + 2
3x 3