Oracle Java 17 Developer Certification

Collections Arrays, Loops

Records

Modules
Inheritance Exception Handling
Generics
JDBC API
Class, Object Annotations
Interfaces Java Security

Java IO API
Java Concurrency & Multi Threading
Lambda Expressions Java Streams API
Mohamed Youssfi, Enseignant Chercheur ENSET Mohammedia, Université Hassan II de Casablanca Consultant R&D Ingénierie Logicielle
Reuse Parent Class Code through Inheritance
The purpose of inheritance is to reuse generic class behaviors and
state in subclass
• Superclass represents more generic, parent type
• Superclass define common attributes and behaviors
• Subclass represents a more specific, child type and extends the
parent type
• Subclass inherit all attributes and behaviors from their parents
• Subclass may define subtype-specific attributes and behaviors

public class Product {

private int id;
private String name;
public class Food extends Product {
public class Drink extends Product {
private BigDecimal price; private LocalDate bestBefore;
// Other Drink specific methods and variables
private Rating rating;
}
public LocalDate getBestBefore() {
public Rating getRating() { return bestBefore;
return rating; }
} // Other Food specific methods and variables
// Other generic methods and attributes
}
}
 Pattern matching for instanceof
• Pattern matching allows common logic in a program, namely the conational extraction of
components from objects, to be expressed more concisely and safely;
Object obj = new String("Hello");
String result="";

• Before Pattern matching for instanceof

if(obj instanceof String){
1. A test : is obj a string
String s = (String)obj; 2. Declaration of new variable s
result = s.toUpperCase();
} 3. Casting of obj to String into variable s
• Using pattern matching for instanceof
• The phrase String s is the type pattern
if (obj instanceof String s){
result = s.toUpperCase(); • The instanceof operator matches the target obj to
} the type pattern as follows :
• if obj instanceof String, then it is cast to
if (obj instanceof String s){ String and the value is assigned to the variable s
String str = s.toUpperCase();
} else {
// s is out of scope here
}
Records
public class Point { Point class @Override
private final int x; public String toString() {
private final int y; return "Point{" +
public Point(final int x, final int y) { "x=" + x +
this.x = x; ", y=" + y +
this.y = y; '}';
} }
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) { public int x() {
if (this == o) return true; return x;
if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false; }
Point point = (Point) o;
return x == point.x && y == point.y; public int y() {
} return y;
}
@Override }
public int hashCode() {
int result = 31 * x; public record Point(int x, int y){ Point Record
int hash = result +y;
return hash; }
}
public record Point(int x, int y){ Point Record
}
Point p1=new Point(10,20); 10, 20
Point p2=new Point(10,20); Point[x=10, y=20]
System.out.println(p1.x()+", "+p1.y());
330
System.out.println(p1.toString());
System.out.println(p1.hashCode()); 330
System.out.println(p2.hashCode()); true
System.out.println(p1.equals(p2));
Constructors for Record classes
• Example of compact canonical • Example of compact canonical
constructor that validates its implicit constructor that normalizes its
parameters formal parameters
public record Range(int lo, int hi) { public record Rational(int num, int den) {
public Range { public Rational{
if(lo>hi){ int gcd = gcd(num,den);
int tmp = lo; num /= gcd;
lo = hi; den /= gcd;
hi=tmp; }
} private int gcd(int a, int b){
} int gcd = 1;
} for(int i=1; i <= a && i <= b; i++)
{
Range range= range = new Range(20,10); if(a% i==0 && b%i==0) • Equivalent to the conventional constructor
System.out.println(range.toString()); gcd = i;
} public record Rational(int num, int den) {
Range[lo=10, hi=20] return gcd; public Rational(int num, int den){
} int gcd = gcd(num,den);
} num /= gcd;
den /= gcd;
this.num = num;
Rational rational=new Rational(12, 16);
this.den = den;
System.out.println(rational.toString()); }
..
Rational[num=3, den=4] }
Practice for Lesson 6 (6.1)
package labs.pm.data;
import java.math.BigDecimal;

public class Drink extends Product {

public Drink(int id, String name, BigDecimal price, Rating rating) {
super(id, name, price, rating);
} Product p1 = new Product(101, "Tea", BigDecimal.valueOf(1.99));
} Product p2 = new Drink(102, "Coffee", BigDecimal.valueOf(1.88), Rating.THREE_STAR);
Product p3 = new Food(103, "Cake", BigDecimal.valueOf(1.12), Rating.TWO_STAR,
package labs.pm.data; LocalDate.now().plusDays(2));
Product p4 = new Product();
import java.math.BigDecimal; Product p5 = p3.applyRating(Rating.FOUR_STAR);
import java.time.LocalDate;
public class Food extends Product { System.out.println(p1);
private LocalDate bestBefore; System.out.println(p2);
System.out.println(p3);
public LocalDate getBestBefore() { System.out.println(p4);
return bestBefore; System.out.println(p5);
}
public Food(int id, String name, BigDecimal price, Rating rating, LocalDate bestBefore) { labs.pm.data.Product@5caf905d
super(id, name, price, rating); labs.pm.data.Drink@27716f4
this.bestBefore = bestBefore; labs.pm.data.Food@8efb846
} labs.pm.data.Product@2a84aee7
} labs.pm.data.Product@a09ee92
Practice for Lesson 6 (6.2)

@Override In Product Class @Override In Food Class

public String toString() { public String toString() {
return this.getClass().getSimpleName()+"{" + return super.toString()+", { bestBefore="+bestBefore+"}";
"id=" + id +
}
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", price=" + price +
", rating=" + rating.getStars() +
'}';
}

Product p1 = new Product(101, "Tea", BigDecimal.valueOf(1.99));

Product p2 = new Drink(102, "Coffee", BigDecimal.valueOf(1.88), Rating.THREE_STAR);
Product p3 = new Food(103, "Cake", BigDecimal.valueOf(1.12), Rating.TWO_STAR,
LocalDate.now().plusDays(2));
Product p4 = new Product();
Product p5 = p3.applyRating(Rating.FOUR_STAR);

System.out.println(p1);
System.out.println(p2); Product{id=101, name='Tea', price=1.99, rating=☆☆☆☆☆}
System.out.println(p3); Drink{id=102, name='Coffee', price=1.88, rating=★★★☆☆}
System.out.println(p4); Food{id=103, name='Cake', price=1.12, rating=★★☆☆☆}, { bestBefore=2023-09-13}
System.out.println(p5); Product{id=0, name='no name', price=0, rating=☆☆☆☆☆}
Product{id=103, name='Cake', price=1.12, rating=★★★★☆}
Practice for Lesson 6 (6.3)

Product p6 = new Drink(102, "Chocolate", BigDecimal.valueOf(1.88),

Rating.THREE_STAR);
Product p7 = new Food(103, "Chocolate", BigDecimal.valueOf(1.12), Rating.TWO_STAR,
LocalDate.now().plusDays(2));
System.out.println(p6.equals(p7));

false
Product p6 = new Drink(102, "Chocolate", BigDecimal.valueOf(1.88),
Rating.THREE_STAR);
@Override In Product Class Product p7 = new Food(102, "Chocolate", BigDecimal.valueOf(1.88),
public boolean equals(Object o) { Rating.TWO_STAR, LocalDate.now().plusDays(2));
if (this == o) return true; Product p8 = new Food(102, "Chocolate", BigDecimal.valueOf(1.88),
if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false; Rating.TWO_STAR, LocalDate.now().plusDays(2));
Product product = (Product) o; System.out.println(p6.equals(p7));
return id == product.id && Objects.equals(name, product.name); System.out.println(p7.equals(p8));
}
false
true
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return Objects.hash(id, name);
}

false
Practice for Lesson 6 (6.3) : public class Drink extends Product {
//
public abstract class Product { @Override
public abstract Product applyRating(Rating newRating); public Product applyRating(Rating newRating) {
public LocalDate getBestBefore() { return new Drink(getId(), getName(), getPrice(), newRating);
return LocalDate.now(); }
} //
@Override }
public String toString() {
return this.getClass().getSimpleName()+"{" + public class Food extends Product {
id + " " + name + " " + price + @Override
" " + rating.getStars() + public BigDecimal getDiscount() {
" "+getBestBefore()+ LocalTime now = LocalTime.now();
'}’; return (now.isAfter(LocalTime.of(17,30)) && now.isBefore(LocalTime.of(18,30)))
} ? super.getDiscount() : BigDecimal.ZERO;
} }
@Override
public Product applyRating(Rating newRating) {
return new Food(getId(), getName(), getPrice(), newRating, bestBefore );
}
// @Override
// public String toString() {
// return super.toString()+", { bestBefore="+bestBefore+"}";
// }
}
Practice for Lesson 6 (6.3) :

Product p1 = new Drink(102, "Coffee", BigDecimal.valueOf(1.88), Rating.THREE_STAR);

Product p2 = new Food(103, "Cake", BigDecimal.valueOf(1.12), Rating.TWO_STAR, LocalDate.now().plusDays(2));
System.out.println(p1.toString());
System.out.println(p2.toString());
System.out.println("-----------");
Product p3 = p2.applyRating(Rating.FIVE_STAR);
System.out.println(p3.toString());
System.out.println("Discount="+p3.getDiscount());
if(p3 instanceof Food){
System.out.println("Best Before = "+((Food) p3).getBestBefore());
}
System.out.println("Best Before = "+p3.getBestBefore());

Drink{102 Coffee 1.88 ★★★☆☆ 2023-09-11}

Food{103 Cake 1.12 ★★☆☆☆ 2023-09-13}
-----------
Food{103 Cake 1.12 ★★★★★ 2023-09-13}
Discount=0
Best Before = 2023-09-13
Best Before = 2023-09-13
Practice for Lesson 6 (6.4) :
package labs.pm.data;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.time.LocalDate;
public class ProductManager {
public Product createProduct(int id, String name, BigDecimal price, Rating rating, LocalDate bestFefore){
return new Food(id, name, price, rating, bestFefore);
}
public Product createProduct(int id, String name, BigDecimal price, Rating rating){
return new Drink(id, name, price, rating);
}
// Package restriction access
}
Product(int id, String name, BigDecimal price, Rating rating) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
// Package restriction access this.price = price;
Drink(int id, String name, BigDecimal price, Rating rating) { this.rating = rating;
super(id, name, price, rating); }
} /*
Product(int id, String name, BigDecimal price) {
// Package restriction access this(id,name,price, Rating.NOT_RATED);
Food(int id, String name, BigDecimal price, Rating rating, LocalDate }
bestBefore) { Product() {
super(id, name, price, rating); this(0, "no name", BigDecimal.ZERO);
this.bestBefore = bestBefore; }
} */
Practice for Lesson 6 (6.4) :
ProductManager productManager=new ProductManager();
Product p1 = productManager.createProduct(102, "Coffee", BigDecimal.valueOf(1.88),
Rating.THREE_STAR);
Product p2 = productManager.createProduct(103, "Cake", BigDecimal.valueOf(1.12), Rating.TWO_STAR,
LocalDate.now().plusDays(2));
System.out.println(p1.toString());
System.out.println(p2.toString());
System.out.println("-----------");
Product p3 = p2.applyRating(Rating.FIVE_STAR);
System.out.println(p3.toString());
System.out.println("Discount="+p3.getDiscount());
if(p3 instanceof Food){
System.out.println("Best Before = "+((Food) p3).getBestBefore());
}
System.out.println("Best Before = "+p3.getBestBefore());

Drink{102 Coffee 1.88 ★★★☆☆ 2023-09-11}

Food{103 Cake 1.12 ★★☆☆☆ 2023-09-13}
-----------
Food{103 Cake 1.12 ★★★★★ 2023-09-13}
Discount=0
Best Before = 2023-09-13
Best Before = 2023-09-13
Practice for Lesson 6 (6.5) : sealed, permits, dinal

public sealed abstract class Product permits Drink, Food { …. }

public final class Drink extends Product { …. }

public final class Food extends Product { …. }

ProductManager productManager=new ProductManager();

Product p1 = productManager.createProduct(102, "Coffee", BigDecimal.valueOf(1.88), Rating.THREE_STAR);
Product p2 = productManager.createProduct(103, "Cake", BigDecimal.valueOf(1.12), Rating.TWO_STAR, LocalDate.now().plusDays(2));
System.out.println(p1.toString());
System.out.println(p2.toString());
System.out.println("-----------");
Product p3 = p2.applyRating(Rating.FIVE_STAR); Drink{102 Coffee 1.88 ★★★☆☆ 2023-09-11}
System.out.println(p3.toString()); Food{103 Cake 1.12 ★★☆☆☆ 2023-09-13}
System.out.println("Discount="+p3.getDiscount()); -----------
if(p3 instanceof Food){ Food{103 Cake 1.12 ★★★★★ 2023-09-13}
System.out.println("Best Before = "+((Food) p3).getBestBefore()); Discount=0
}
Best Before = 2023-09-13
System.out.println("Best Before = "+p3.getBestBefore());
Best Before = 2023-09-13
Practice for Lesson 6 (6.6) : Sealed classes with Records
package labs.pm.optional;
package labs.pm.optional;
import labs.pm.data.Rating; import labs.pm.data.Rating;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
public record Drink(int id, String name, BigDecimal import java.time.LocalDate;
price, Rating rating) {
public BigDecimal discount(){ public class RecordExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
return BigDecimal.ONE; Drink d1 = new Drink(120, "Coffee", BigDecimal.valueOf(1.99), Rating.FIVE_STAR);
} Drink d2 = new Drink(120, "Coffee", BigDecimal.valueOf(1.99), Rating.FIVE_STAR);
} System.out.println("Drink 1 : "+d1);
System.out.println("Drink 1 : "+d2);
package labs.pm.optional; System.out.println("Is Drink 1 equals to Drink 2 :" + d1.equals(d2));
import labs.pm.data.Rating; System.out.println("Is Drink 1 the same object than the Drink 2 :" + (d1==d2));
import java.math.BigDecimal; Food f1 = new Food(320, "Tea", BigDecimal.valueOf(1.88), Rating.FOUR_STAR,
LocalDate.now());
import java.time.LocalDate;
System.out.println("Food 1 :"+f1);
System.out.println(f1.name()+" has discount of "+f1.discount()+" %");
public record Food(int id, String name, BigDecimal
price, Rating rating,LocalDate bestBefore) { }
public BigDecimal discount(){ }
return BigDecimal.TEN; Drink 1 : Drink[id=120, name=Coffee, price=1.99, rating=FIVE_STAR]
} Drink 1 : Drink[id=120, name=Coffee, price=1.99, rating=FIVE_STAR]
} Is Drink 1 equals to Drink 2 :true
Is Drink 1 the same object than the Drink 2 :false
Food 1 :Food[id=320, name=Tea, price=1.88, rating=FOUR_STAR, bestBefore=2023-09-12]
Tea has discount of 10 %
Practice for Lesson 6 (6.6) : Sealed classes with Records
public sealed class Souvenir implements Product permits CollectableItem {
package labs.pm.optional; private int id;
import java.math.BigDecimal; private String name;
public sealed interface Product permits Drink, Food, Souvenir { private BigDecimal price;
BigDecimal discount(); private Rating rating;
String name(); private String size;
}
public Souvenir(int id, String name, BigDecimal price, Rating rating, String size) {
public record Drink(int id, String name, BigDecimal price, Rating this.id = id; this.name = name; this.price = price; this.rating = rating;
rating) implements Product { this.size = size;
}
@Override
@Override
public BigDecimal discount(){ public BigDecimal discount() {
return BigDecimal.ONE; return BigDecimal.TEN;
} }
} @Override
public String name() {
public record Food(int id, String name, BigDecimal price, Rating return this.name;
rating,LocalDate bestBefore) implements Product { }
}
@Override
public BigDecimal discount(){ public non-sealed class CollectableItem extends Souvenir {
return BigDecimal.TEN; public CollectableItem(int id, String name, BigDecimal price, Rating rating, String size) {
} super(id, name, price, rating, size);
} }
}
Practice for Lesson 6 (6.6) : Sealed classes with Records

public class SealedExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Product p1 = new CollectableItem(11, "Spacial coffee", BigDecimal.valueOf(1.55), Rating.FIVE_STAR,"Big");
System.out.println(p1.name()+" has discount of : "+p1.discount()+ " %");
Product p2 = new Drink(123,"Tea", BigDecimal.valueOf(1.55),Rating.FIVE_STAR);
System.out.println(p2.name()+" has discount of : "+p2.discount()+ " %");
}
}

Spacial coffee has discount of : 10 %

Tea has discount of : 1 %