CLOUD COMPUTING

KCS 713
Er. Ravi Prakash
Professor & Consultant – Data Science
▪ Cloud Computing is everywhere.
▪ Pick up any tech magazine or visit almost any IT website or blog
and you’ll be sure to talk about CC.
▪ The only problem is that not everyone agrees on what it is.
▪ Ask ten different professionals what CC is, and you’ll get ten
different answers. And is CC worth all the hype?
▪ Some people don’t think so. In fact, in 2008 Oracle CEO Larry
Ellison chastised the whole issue of CC, saying that the term was
overused and being applied to everything in the computer
world.

▪ “the computer industry is the only industry that is more fashion-

driven than women’s fashion,” he said.
▪ Computing clouds are changing the whole IT , service industry, and
global economy. Clearly, cloud computing demands ubiquity,
efficiency, security, and trustworthiness.
▪ Cloud computing has become a common practice in business,
government, education, and entertainment leveraging 50 millions
of servers globally installed at thousands of datacenters today.
▪ Private clouds will become widespread in addition to using a few
public clouds, that are under heavy competition among Google,
MS, Amazon, Intel, EMC, IBM, SGI, VMWare, Saleforce.com, etc.
▪ Effective trust management, guaranteed security, user privacy,
data integrity, mobility support, and copyright protection are
crucial to the universal acceptance of cloud as a ubiquitous service.

3
 It is a changed world now…
• Explosive growth in applications: biomedical informatics, space
exploration, business analytics, web 2.0 social networking: YouTube,
Facebook
• Extreme scale content generation: e-science and e-business data deluge
• Extraordinary rate of digital content consumption: digital gluttony: Apple
iPhone, iPad, Amazon Kindle
• Exponential growth in compute capabilities: multi-core, storage,
bandwidth, virtual machines (virtualization)
• Very short cycle of obsolescence in technologies: Windows Vista→
Windows 7; Java versions; C→C#; Phython
• Newer architectures: web services, persistence models, distributed file
systems/repositories (Google, Hadoop), multi-core, wireless and mobile
• Diverse knowledge and skill levels of the workforce
• You simply cannot manage this complex situation with your traditional IT
infrastructure:
Answer: The Cloud Computing?

• Typical requirements and models:

• platform (PaaS),
• software (SaaS),
• infrastructure (IaaS),
• Services-based application programming interface (API)
• A cloud computing environment can provide one or more of these
requirements for a cost
• Pay as you go model of business
• When using a public cloud the model is similar to renting a property
than owning one.
• An organization could also maintain a private cloud and/or use both.
 Enabling Technologies

Cloud applications: data-intensive,

compute-intensive, storage-intensive

Bandwidth
WS
Services interface

Web-services, SOA, WS standards

VM0 VM1 VMn

Storage Virtualization: bare metal, hypervisor. …

Models: S3,
BigTable,
BlobStore, ... Multi-core architectures

64-bit
processor
 What Works

• In essence, Cloud Computing is a construct that allows you to

access applications that actually reside at a location other than your
computer or other Internet-connected device; mostly a distant
datacenter.
• There are many benefits to this. For instance, think about the last
time you bought MS-Word and installed it on your organization’s
computers. Either you ran around with a CD- or DVD-ROM and
installed it on all t he computers, or you set up your software
distribution servers to automatically install the application on your
machines. And every time Microsoft issued a service pack, you had
to go around and install that pack, or you had to set up your
software distribution servers to distribute it. Oh, and don’t forget
the cost of all the licenses.
• The beauty of Cloud Computing, is that another company
hosts your application (or suite of applications, for that
matter).
• This means that they handle all the cost of servers, they
manage the software updates – and depending on how
you craft your contract – you pay less for the service.
• Don’t forget the equipment that you won’t need to buy-
which will result in fewer capital expenditures – thereby
causing the CFO to actually smile when she sees you.
• By having someone else, host the applications, you need
not buy the servers nor pay for the electricity to power
and cool them.
• It’s all convenient for telecommuters and travelling remote
workers, who can simply log in and use their applications
wherever they are.
Your company The service
doesn’t pay provider
for Pays for
hardware and
INTERNET Equipment
maintenance and
maintenance
 What Is Cloud Computing?
• Generally speaking, cloud computing
can be thought of as anything that
involves delivering hosted services
over the Internet.
• According to NIST :
• Cloud computing is a model for
enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-
demand network access to a shared
pool of configurable computing
resources (e.g., networks, servers,
storage, applications, and services)
that can be rapidly provisioned and
released with minimal management
effort or service provider interaction.
Cloud Computing Background
• Features
• Use of internet-based services to support business process
• Rent IT-services on a utility-like basis
• Attributes
• Rapid deployment
• Low startup costs/ capital investments
• Costs based on usage or subscription
• Multi-tenant sharing of services/ resources
• Essential characteristics
• On demand self-service
• Ubiquitous network access
• Location independent resource pooling
• Rapid elasticity
• Measured service
• “Cloud computing is a compilation of existing techniques and technologies,
packaged within a new infrastructure paradigm that offers improved scalability,
elasticity, business agility, faster startup time, reduced management costs, and
just-in-time availability of resources”
What It Provides

• Cloud computing provides shared services as opposed to local

servers or storage resources
• Enables access to information from most web-enabled hardware
• Allows for cost savings – reduced facility, hardware/software
investments, support
 Differences: Cloud Computing & Traditional IT

13
 Benefits of Cloud Computing

Capability From To
Server / Storage 10-20% Cloud accelerates business
Utilization value across a wide variety 70-90%
of domains.
Self service None Unlimited

Test Provisioning Weeks Minutes

Cost
Flexibility

Change Months
Management Days/Hours
Release Weeks
Management STANDARDIZATION
Minutes

Metering/Billing Fixed cost

model VIRTUALIZATION Granular

Standardization Complex AUTOMATION Self-Service

Payback period Years
for new services Legacy Cloud enabled Months
environments enterprise
Essential Characteristics

1. On-demand self-service
A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as
server time and network storage, as needed automatically without
requiring human interaction with each service provider.
2. Broad network access
Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through
standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or
thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, tablets, laptops, and
workstations).
3. Resource pooling
The provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple
consumers. Resources can be dynamically assigned and reassigned
according to customer demand.
Customer generally may not care where the resources are physically
located but should be aware of risks if they are located offshore
4. Rapid elasticity
Capabilities can be expanded or released automatically (i.e.,
more CPU power, or ability to handle additional users). To the
customer this appears seamless, limitless, and responsive to their
changing requirements.
5. Measured service
Customers are charged for the services they use and the amounts
There is a metering concept where customer resource usage can be
monitored, controlled, and reported, providing transparency for both
the provider and consumer of the utilized service.
CLOUD COMPONENTS

Internet

Datacenters

Client computers Distributed Servers

Fig : Three components that make up a Cloud Computing Solution

Each element has a purpose and plays a specific role in
delivering a functional cloud-based application
1. Clients

• Just as in a LAN – could be desktops, laptops, tablet computers,

mobile phones or PDAs – all big drivers for CC because of their
mobility.
• Clients are devices that the end users interact with to manage
their info. On the cloud.
• Clients are of 3 categories:
1. Mobile – these include PDAs or smartphones like a Blackberry,
Windows Mobile Smartphone, or an iPhone.
2. Thin – are computers that do not have hard drives, but rather
let the server do all the work, but then display the
information.
3. Thick – is a regular computer, using a web browser like Firefox
or Internet Explorer to connect to the cloud.
• Thin clients are becoming an increasingly popular
solution, because of their price and effect on the
environment Some benefits to using thin clients are
as follows :.

• Lower hardware costs

• Lower IT costs
• Security
• Data security
• Less power consum,ption
• Ease of repair or replacement
• Less noise
 2. Datacenter

• The datacenter is the collection of servers where the

application to which you subscribe is housed. It could be a
large room in the basement of your building or a room full
of servers on the other side of the world that you access
via the Internet.
• A growing trend in the IT world is virtualizing servers. That is,
software can be installed allowing multiple instances of
virtual servers to be used. In this way, you can have half a
dozen servers running on one physical server.

• Note : The number of virtual servers that can exist on a

physical server depends on the size and speed of the
physical server and what applications will be running on
the virtual server.
3. Distributed Servers

• But the servers don’t all have to be housed in the same

location. Often, servers are in geographically disparate
locations. But to you, the cloud subscriber, these servers acts as
if they’re humming away right next to each other.
• This gives the service provider more flexibility in options and
security. For instance, Amazon has their cloud solution in
servers all over the world. If something were to happen at one
site causing a failure, the service would still be accessed thru
another site.
• Also, if the cloud needs more hardware, they can add servers at
another site and simply make it part of the cloud.
Infrastructure

• Cloud Computing is not a one-size-fits-all affair.

• There are several different ways the infrastructure can be
deployed. The infrastructure will depend on the application and
how the provider has chosen to build the cloud solution. This is
one of the key advantages for using the cloud.
• Your needs might be so massive that the no. of servers reqd. far
exceeds your desire or budget to ruin those in-house.
Alternatively, you may only need a sip of processing power, so
you don’t want to buy and run a dedicated server for the job.
The cloud fits both needs.
Cloud Service Delivery Models
 Service Delivery Models in Cloud Computing
• Cloud computing is a rapidly-growing industry which
allows companies to move beyond on-premise IT
infrastructure and, instead, rely on internet-based
services.
• Cloud-based providers often offer services such as
software, storage, and processing at affordable prices.
• In fact, your company can save up to 30% by
implementing a cloud-based solution.
• Cloud computing is offered in three different service
models which each satisfy a unique set of business
requirements.
• These three models are known as
– Software as a Service (SaaS)
– Platform as a Service (PaaS), and
– Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
 Software/
Application

Platform

Infrastructure
 Delivery Models

While cloud-based software services are maturing,

Cloud platform and infrastructure offering are still in their early stages !
 SaaS: Software as a Service
• Software as a Service, also known as cloud application services,
represents the most commonly utilized option for businesses in the
cloud market.
• SaaS utilizes the internet to deliver applications, which are managed
by a third-party vendor, to its users.
• A majority of SaaS applications run directly through your web
browser, which means they do not require any downloads or
installations on the client side.
• Due to its web delivery model, SaaS eliminates the need to have IT
staff download and install applications on each individual computer.
• Common Examples – Google Apps, Dropbox, Salesforce, Cisco WebEx,
Concur, GoToMeeting, Microsoft Office Online
 SaaS – Characteristics, When to Use
• There are a few ways to help you determine when SaaS is being utilized:
• Managed from a central location
• Hosted on a remote server
• Accessible over the internet
• Users not responsible for hardware or software updates

• SaaS may be the most beneficial option in several situations, including:

• Startups or small companies that need to launch ecommerce quickly and don’t have
time for server issues or software
• Short-term projects that require quick, easy, and affordable collaboration
• Applications that aren’t needed too often, such as tax software
• Applications that need both web and mobile access

• In a SaaS agreement, you have the least control over the cloud
 PaaS: Platform as a Service
• Cloud platform services, provide cloud components to certain software
while being used mainly for applications.
• PaaS delivers a framework for developers that they can build upon and
use to create customized applications.
• All servers, storage, and networking can be managed by the enterprise or
a third-party provider while the developers can maintain management of
the applications.
• The delivery model of PaaS is similar to SaaS, except instead of delivering
the software over the internet, PaaS provides a platform for software
creation.
• This platform is delivered via the web, giving developers the freedom to
concentrate on building the software without having to worry about
operating systems, software updates, storage, or infrastructure.
• Common Examples – AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Windows Azure, Force.com,
Google App Engine, and OpenShift.
The PaaS model provide the underlying h/w technology, such as
one or more servers (or virtual servers), operating systems, DB
solutions, developer tools, and n/w support, for developers to
deploy their own solutions. The h/w and supporting s/w is
managed by the platform provider. Developers need not worry
about performing h/w or OS upgrades. Instead, developers can
focus on their own applications as shown in fig. below.

Server, OS,
Support s/w

Paas
 PaaS – Characteristics, When to Use
• PaaS has many characteristics that define it as a cloud service, including:
• Builds on virtualization technology, so resources can easily be scaled up or down
as your business changes
• Provides a variety of services to assist with the development, testing, and
deployment of apps
• Accessible to numerous users via the same development application
• Integrates web services and databases

• Utilizing PaaS is beneficial, sometimes necessary in several situations :

• PaaS can streamline workflows when multiple developers are working on the
same development project.
• If other vendors must be included, PaaS can provide great speed and flexibility to
the entire process.
• PaaS is particularly beneficial if you need to create customized applications.
• This cloud service also can greatly reduce costs and it can simplify some
challenges that come up if you are rapidly developing or deploying an app.
Case Study : LONGJUMP AS A PAAS

LongJump provide a PaaS solution that includes cloud-based

DBMS support. What makes LongJump unique is its focus on the
entire SDLC. To start an application design, nonprogrammers can
capture business requirements, forms, and data relationships
without coding. The LongJump appln. Dev. Is Java based and
supports key protocols such as SOAP and REST. After the
developer hosts the site, LongJump provides release
management and s/w maintenance support. Developers can try
LongJump free of charge.
 IaaS: Infrastructure as a Service
• Cloud infrastructure services, known as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS),
are made of highly scalable and automated compute resources.
• IaaS is fully self-service for accessing and monitoring computers,
networking, storage, and other services.
• IaaS allows businesses to purchase resources on-demand and as-needed
instead of having to buy hardware outright.
• IaaS delivers cloud computing infrastructure, including servers, network,
operating systems, and storage, through virtualization technology.
• As opposed to SaaS or PaaS, IaaS clients are responsible for managing
aspects such as applications, runtime, OSes, middleware, and data.
• IaaS providers manage the servers, hard drives, networking, virtualization,
and storage.
• Common Examples – DigitalOcean, Rackspace, Amazon Wen Services(AWS),
Microsoft Azure, Cisco Metacloud, and Google Compute Engine(GCE).
 IaaS – Characteristics, When to Use
• Characteristics that define IaaS include:
• Resources are available as a service
• Cost varies depending on consumption
• Services are highly scalable
• Multiple users on a single piece of hardware
• Organization retain complete control of the infrastructure
• Dynamic and flexible

• Just as with SaaS and PaaS, there are specific situations when IaaS is most advantageous:
• Startups and small companies may prefer IaaS to avoid spending time and money on
purchasing and creating hardware and software.
• Companies experiencing rapid growth like the scalability of IaaS, and they can change out
specific hardware and software easily as their needs evolve.
• Anytime you are unsure of a new application’s demands, IaaS offers plenty of flexibility
and scalability.
• A customer or tenant can have greater security control over more resources as one moves
from SaaS to PaaS and again from PaaS to the IaaS service model.
Cloud Providers, Services and Security Measures
Cloud Deployment Models
 Cloud Deployment Models
• A cloud deployment model is defined according to where the
infrastructure for the deployment resides and who has control over
that infrastructure.
• Each cloud deployment model satisfies different organizational
needs, so it’s important that you choose a model that will satisfy
the needs of your organization.
• Perhaps even more important is the fact that each cloud
deployment model has a different value proposition and different
costs associated with it.
• NIST defines four cloud deployment models:
1. Public Clouds
2. Private Clouds
3. Community Clouds, and
4. Hybrid Clouds
 Definition (by Mell and Grance)
• Private cloud - The cloud infrastructure is operated solely for an organization. It
may be managed by the organization or a third party and may exist on premise or
off premise.
• Community cloud - The cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and
supports a specific community that has shared concerns (e.g., mission, security
requirements, policy, and compliance considerations). It may be managed by the
organizations or a third party and may exist on premise or off premise.
• Public cloud - The cloud infrastructure is made available to the general public or a
large industry group and is owned by an organization selling cloud services.
• Hybrid Cloud - The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more clouds
(private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together
by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application
portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load-balancing between clouds).
• A customer or tenant can achieve greater security control over more resources
when moving from a Public cloud to a community cloud and again from a
community cloud to a Private cloud.
• Public cloud- this type of cloud deployment model supports all users who want to
make use of a computing resource, such as hardware (OS, CPU, memory, storage)
or software (application server, database) on a subscription basis. Customers do
not have any control over the location of the infrastructure. The cost is shared by
all users, and are either free or in the form of a license policy like pay per user.
Most common uses of public clouds are for application development and testing,
non-mission-critical tasks such as file-sharing, and e-mail service.

• Private cloud True to its name, a private cloud is typically infrastructure used by a
single organization. Such infrastructure may be managed by the organization itself
to support various user groups, or it could be managed by a service provider that
takes care of it either on-site or off-site. Private clouds are more expensive than
public clouds due to the capital expenditure involved in acquiring and maintaining
them. However, private clouds are better able to address the security and privacy
concerns of organizations today. It can be hosted internally or externally. Private
clouds are great for organizations that have high security demands, high
management demands and uptime requirements.
• Hybrid cloud In a hybrid cloud, an organization makes use of interconnected
private and public cloud infrastructure. Many organizations make use of this
model when they need to scale up their IT infrastructure rapidly, such as when
leveraging public clouds to supplement the capacity available within a private
cloud. For example, if an online retailer needs more computing resources to run
its Web applications during the holiday season it may attain those resources via
public clouds. A hybrid cloud is great for scalability, flexibility and security. An
example of this is an organization can use public cloud to interact with customers,
while keeping their data secured through a private cloud.

• Community cloud This deployment model supports multiple organizations sharing

computing resources that are part of a community; examples include universities
cooperating in certain areas of research, or police departments within a county or
state sharing computing resources. Access to a community cloud environment is
typically restricted to the members of the community. A community cloud is good
for organizations that work on joint ventures that need centralized cloud
computing ability for managing, building and executing their projects. An example
of this is a community cloud at banks, government in a country, or trading firms.
 Public vs. Private Cloud

• With public clouds, the cost is typically low for the end user and
there is no capital expenditure involved.
• Use of private clouds involves capital expenditure, but the
expenditure is still lower than the cost of owning and operating
the infrastructure due to private clouds' greater level of
consolidation and resource pooling.
• Private clouds also offer more security and compliance support
than public clouds.
• As such, some organizations may choose to use private clouds for
their more mission-critical, secure applications and public clouds
for basic tasks such as application development and testing
environments, and e-mail services.
Cloud Deployment Models

A cloud deployment model is defined

according to where the infrastructure for the
deployment resides and who has control
over that infrastructure.

Each deployment model satisfies different

organizational needs, and has a different
value proposition and different costs
associated with it.

• Public clouds
• Private clouds
• Community clouds, and
• Hybrid clouds
Definition of Deployment Models

Private cloud - The cloud infrastructure is

operated solely for an organization. It may be
managed by the organization or a third party
and may exist on premise or off premise.

Community cloud - The cloud infrastructure is

shared by several organizations and supports a
specific community that has shared concerns
(e.g., mission, security requirements, policy,
and compliance considerations).

Public cloud - The cloud infrastructure is made

available to the general public or a large
industry group and is owned by an organization
selling cloud services.
Definition of Deployment Models

Hybrid Cloud - The cloud infrastructure is a

composition of two or more clouds (private,
community, or public) that remain unique
entities but are bound together by
standardized or proprietary technology that
enables data and application portability (e.g.,
cloud bursting for load-balancing between
clouds).

A customer or tenant can achieve greater

security control over more resources when
moving from a Public cloud to a community
cloud and again from a community cloud to a
Private cloud.
Public Cloud
Supports all users who want to make use of a
computing resource, such as hardware (OS, CPU,
memory, storage) or software (application server,
database) on a subscription basis.

Customers do not have any control over the

location of the infrastructure.

The cost is shared by all users, and are either free or

in the form of a license policy like pay per user.

Most common uses of public clouds are for

application development and testing, non-mission-
critical tasks such as file-sharing, and e-mail service.
 Infrastructure used by a single organization.
• Private Cloud

Are more expensive than public clouds due to

the capital expenditure involved in acquiring
and maintaining them.

Are better able to address the security and

privacy concerns of organizations today.

Can be hosted internally or externally.

Are great for organizations that have high

security demands, high management
demands and uptime requirements.
Hybrid Cloud

Organization makes use of interconnected

private and public cloud infrastructure.
Organizations use this model when they need
to scale up their IT infrastructure rapidly, such
as when leveraging public clouds to
supplement the capacity available within a
private cloud.

For example, if an online retailer needs more

computing resources to run its Web applications
during the holiday season it may attain those
resources via public clouds.
Hybrid Cloud

It is great for scalability, flexibility and security.

Example - An organization can use public cloud

to interact with customers, while keeping their
data secured through a private cloud.
Community Cloud

Supports multiple organizations sharing

computing resources that are part of a
community.

Access is typically restricted to the

members of the community.
Community Cloud

A community cloud is good for organizations

that work on joint ventures that need
centralized cloud computing ability for
managing, building and executing their
projects. An example of this is a community
cloud at banks, government in a country, or
trading firms.

Examples include universities cooperating in

certain areas of research, or police
departments within a county or state sharing
computing resources.
 Public vs. Private Cloud

Public Cloud Private Cloud

Supports multiple customers i.e. enterprises Supports only one enterprise

No capital expenditure involved Usage involves capital expenditure

Security depends on Cloud Service Provider Offers high level security and compliance

Has shared servers Has dedicated servers

Cost of usage is typically low for the end user Cost of usage is relatively high

Multi-tenancy i.e. data of many enterprise are stored Single-Tenancy i.e. data of single enterprise is
stored
It is connected to the public internet It only supports private network connectivity

Scalability is very high, and reliability is moderate Scalability is limited, and reliability is very high

AWS and Google AppEngine are examples Microsoft KVM, Red Hat & VMWare are examples
 WEAK LINKS
• So it all sounds great, right? Not so fast.
• As with everything in IT, there are pros and cons.CC is not exempt.
• While an Internet outage or problems with your ISP are rare, you may not able
able to access your applns, and do your work. Not that everyone sits in one
office much anymore, but if you currently have the application on your own local
servers and all those who access it are not remote, you’d be at least somewhat
assured that an Internet outage would not affect your appln.
• But it is not your connection to the Internet that can be prone to outages. What
if the site you’re accessing has problems: It’s happened already. Earlier,
Amazon’s S3 cloud storage service went down for the second time that year. A
lot of applications were hosted by the company and all those services could not
be accessed until techs could fix the problem. Some applns were down for 10
hours.
• Also, there may simply be applications or data that you wanted located on-site.
If you have sensitive or proprietary information, your IT security group may
simply mandate that you not store it on someone else’s machines.
Core Advantages

▪ Cost saving: You pay for what you use

▪ Easy on installation and maintenance
▪ Increased storage
▪ Highly automated
▪ Flexibility
▪ Better mobility
▪ Shared resources
▪ Back up and restoration
 Disadvantages

▪ Data security and privacy

▪ Network connectivity and bandwidth
▪ Service unavailability due to power outage
▪ Dependence on outside agencies
▪ Limited flexibility
▪ Cost
▪ Knowledge and integration
▪ Long term stability of service provider
Application Integration Issues

• You may also find that it’s more difficult to integrate your
applications if they are geographically dispersed.
• That is , it is easier to manage and access your data if it is nearby,
and not under someone else’s control.
• For instance, if you need two applications to exchange
information, it’s easier to do if they both reside in the same
place. If you have one application in-house and it has to contact
another application on the cloud, it becomes far more
complicated, and more prone to failure.
The service models are as follows :
❑ Software as a Service– Use provider’s applications over a
network
Vendor example: Zoho Suite, Aplle’s MobileMe, GoogleDocs
❑ Platform as a Service(PaaS) – Deploy customer-created
applications to a cloud.
Vendor example : Google App Engine, force.com, Microsoft Azure
❑ Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS) – Rent processing , storage,
network capacity, and other fundamental computing resources
Vendor example : Amazon EC2 and S3, Sun Microsystems Cloud
Services, Terremark, Dropbox

The deployment models, which can be either internally or externally

implemented, are summarized as follows :
❑ Private Cloud – Enterprise owned or leased
❑ Community Cloud – Shared infrastructure for specific
community
❑ Public Cloud – Sold to the public, mega-scale infrastructure
❑ Hybrid Composition of two or more clouds
Cloud Computing in Business

Cloud computing is a more modern approach to

handling long-running business needs.

Broadband internet and smart mobile technology

have made cloud computing possible.

There are numerous ways that cloud computing

benefits small businesses. It stores and backs up
company data, it runs software applications, and it
streamlines how information is shared.

If your business relies on Drop box to store files, uses

Slack to facilitate communication within the
company, or taps into sales force to manage
customer relations, you already use some form of
cloud computing.
What is Cloud Computing for Business Owners?

In today's ever-changing business climate, small

business owners must get what they need right
when they need it, whether they're on their
computers, tablets, or mobile phones – or in the
office, out in the field, or on the road.

Cloud computing gives users access to data

wherever they have an internet connection.

Cloud computing is a digital service that allows

users to access important programs and data
stored on a remote server anywhere they have
an internet connection.
What is Cloud Computing Used for?

Cloud storage: These services store and back

up your files for regular access. Files can also
be shared and synced across devices.

Cloud backup: cloud backup is designed to

serve as a failsafe solution if your company
experiences a server crash, cyberattack or
other data loss.
 What is Cloud Computing Used for?

❑ On both individual and corporate level, cloud

computing is likely to change the way we use
operate.
▪ For businesses, the cloud has the potential to transform
operations, as well as cut costs.
▪ The role of cloud computing on a corporate level can be
either for the in house operations, or as a deployment tool
for software or services the company develops for the
public.
▪ Many of us are already familiar with some cloud
computing services, like Google Docs, or even email
services.
▪ With these apps we can accaess documents or mail that is
not stored on our PCs, but is available to use because it is
stored on a cloud, or remote location.
What is Cloud Computing Used for?

Software as a service (SaaS): SaaS solutions

use the web to provide a service, examples-
Office 365, Google Apps, Salesforce.

Cloud hosting: These solutions facilitate

multiple types of information sharing, such as
email services, application hosting, web-
based phone systems and data storage.

A cloud solution can handle numerous business-related tasks, including web

hosting and file storage.
What does Cloud Computing Provides?

Cloud computing provides shared services as

opposed to local servers or storage resources.

Enables access to information from most web-

enabled hardware.

Allows for cost savings – reduced facility,

hardware or software investments, support.

Cloud computing is a popular option for people

and businesses for a number of reasons including
cost savings, increased productivity, speed and
efficiency, performance, and security.
Windows Azure

• Enterprise-level on-demand capacity builder

• Fabric of cycles and storage available on-request for a cost
• You have to use Azure API to work with the infrastructure offered by
Microsoft
• Significant features: web role, worker role , blob storage, table and
drive-storage
Amazon EC2
• Amazon EC2 is one large complex web service.
• EC2 provided an API for instantiating computing instances with any of
the operating systems supported.
• It can facilitate computations through Amazon Machine Images
(AMIs) for various other models.
• Signature features: S3, Cloud Management Console, MapReduce
Cloud, Amazon Machine Image (AMI)
• Excellent distribution, load balancing, cloud monitoring tools
Google App Engine

• This is more a web interface for a development environment that

offers a one stop facility for design, development and deployment
Java and Python-based applications in Java, Go and Python.
• Google offers the same reliability, availability and scalability at par
with Google’s own applications
• Interface is software programming based
• Comprehensive programming platform irrespective of the size (small
or large)
• Signature features: templates and appspot, excellent monitoring and
management console
 If cloud computing is so great,
why isn’t everyone doing it?
• The cloud acts as a big black box, nothing inside the cloud is visible to
the clients
• Clients have no idea or control over what happens inside a cloud
• Even if the cloud provider is honest, it can have malicious system admins
who can tamper with the VMs and violate confidentiality and integrity
• Clouds are still subject to traditional data confidentiality, integrity,
availability, and privacy issues, plus some additional attacks
 SECURITY OVERVIEW
• In the cloud-enabled, highly networked domain of modern
computing, security is one of the most important aspects of
appropriate software industry.
• Security cannot be exactly determined
• It cannot be locked at the end of the development process
• Security must be designed consciously into the application or
service from the beginning, and make it a sensible part of the
entire process from design through implementation, testing
and release.
 Application Security

• It is the users’ responsibility to :

• Save users’ private data from intruders
• Untrusted files and data should be handled with care – software must
properly validate the data if it is accessed from the internet or read files
that have been sent through the internet.
• Safeguard the data that travels – If the software transfers the personal
data over the internet, it must be done so in a secure manner to prevent
the unauthorized access to the data while in transfer.
• Secret key – A hardware device is provided to the user that generates a
secret id bound to the user id.
• Network password - one time password (OTP) is sent to the user by the
application on the user’s email-id or mobile that can be used before
logging in
 Operating System - Security
• Security refers to providing a shield to computer system resources
such as CPU, memory, disk, software programs and most essentially
data / info stored in the computer system
• So a computer system must be secured against unauthorized access,
mischievous acces to a system memory, viruses, worms etc.
• Security can be provided by :
• Authentication(Username/passed ; User punch card /key ; biometrics)
• OTPs (offer additional security along with usual validation).
• Program Threats (Trojan Horse, Logic Bomb, Virus)
• System Threats ( mismanagement of system services and network
connections
Companies are still afraid to use clouds

[Chow09ccsw]
Smarter energy Smarter traffic Smarter oil fields

Smarter water Smarter food supply

management The world
is also
becoming
smarter...
Smarter disease
Smarter supply chain Smarter architecture Smarter healthcare
prevention

73
What is Cloud Computing?
A user experience and a business model
▪ Standardized offerings
▪ Rapidly provisioned
▪ Flexibly priced
▪ Ease of access

An infrastructure management and services

delivery method
▪ Virtualized resources Banking
▪ Managed as a single large resource
▪ Delivering services with elastic scaling

Similar to Banking ATMs and Retail Point of IT

Sale, Cloud is Driven by:
▪Self-Service
▪Economies of Scale Retail
▪Technology Advancement
IT-as-a-Service can be segmented into three layers
Market
Collaboration CRM/ERP/HR
Examples Examples
Business Industry
Processes Applications

Software-as-a-Service
Workload
Focus Will
Web Lead To
2.0 Application Java
Middleware
Runtime Runtime
Specialized
Development
Smart Business
Development on
Database
Slices Tooling the IBM Cloud

Through
Platform-as-a-Service

These
Servers Networking
LayersData Center
Storage
Fabric

Shared virtualized, dynamic provisioning

Infrastructure-as-a-Service
75
Cloud Computing …

Flexible Delivery Model

Public … Private …
• Service provider owned • Client owned and
and managed. Cloud managed.
• Access by subscription. Services • Access limited to
• Delivers select set of client and its partner
standardized business Cloud network.
process, application Computing • Drives efficiency,
and/or infrastructure Model standardization and
services on a flexible best practices while
retaining greater
price per use basis.
customization and
control
.…Standardization, capital .… Customization, efficiency,
preservation, flexibility and availability, resiliency, security
time to deploy and privacy

ORGANIZATION CULTURE GOVERNANCE

....service sourcing and service value

76
4 Emerging Areas of Focus Amongst Cloud Clients

Analytics

Dynamic Infrastructure Enterprise Information

Security

77
Summary

✓Cloud Computing System vs. Traditional IT

Infrastructure
✓Why Cloud Computing
✓Cloud Computing Components
✓Cloud Service Delivery Models
✓Cloud Deployment Models
✓Cloud Security Concerns
✓Real business issues in adoption of cloud
✓Impact of Cloud Computing Technology on Business
 Conclusion

▪ Cloud Computing is in a period of strong growth, but this technology is still

has some issues of security and somewhat it is immature. Government
Technology Research Alliance (GTRA) research showed that the most
common concern about implementing Cloud Computing technology was
security.
▪ The real value of cloud computing is that it makes your library related
software and data available transparently and everywhere including in
latest available smart phone devices.
▪ We are all aware, country like India faced problems like digital divide and
off course very low internet bandwidth. So, benefit of new technology can
be reached to limited area of educational area.
▪ But definitely, over a period of time Cloud Computing will become the
most promising technology in next few years.
This Concludes Today’s
Presentation

Thank you for your attention