Learn Basic Programs

By Salar Mastoi

[Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. T
IN JAVA, DATA TYPES SPECIFY THE SIZE AND TYPE OF VALUES THAT CAN
BE STORED IN VARIABLES. JAVA HAS TWO CATEGORIES OF DATA TYPES:
PRIMITIVE DATA TYPES AND REFERENCE DATA TYPES.

1. PRIMITIVE DATA TYPES:

- NUMERIC TYPES:
- `BYTE`: 8-BIT SIGNED INTEGER. RANGE: -128 TO 127.
- `SHORT`: 16-BIT SIGNED INTEGER. RANGE: -32,768 TO 32,767.
- `INT`: 32-BIT SIGNED INTEGER. RANGE: -2^31 TO 2^31 - 1.
- `LONG`: 64-BIT SIGNED INTEGER. RANGE: -2^63 TO 2^63 - 1.
- `FLOAT`: 32-BIT FLOATING-POINT. EXAMPLE: 3.14F.
- `DOUBLE`: 64-BIT FLOATING-POINT. EXAMPLE: 3.14.
- **BOOLEAN TYPE**:
- `BOOLEAN`: REPRESENTS TRUE OR FALSE.
- **CHARACTER TYPE**:
- `CHAR`: 16-BIT UNICODE CHARACTER. EXAMPLE: 'A', '\U0041'.
2. **REFERENCE DATA TYPES**:
- **CLASSES**: USER-DEFINED DATA TYPES.
- **INTERFACES**: LIKE CLASSES BUT WITH ONLY METHOD
DECLARATIONS .

- **ARRAYS**: COLLECTIONS OF ELEMENTS OF THE SAME TYPE.

HERE'S AN EXAMPLE DEMONSTRATING THE DECLARATION
AND USAGE OF DIFFERENT DATA TYPES:

PUBLIC CLASS DATATYPESEXAMPLE {

PUBLIC STATIC VOID MAIN(STRING[] ARGS) {
// PRIMITIVE DATA TYPES
BYTE B = 10;
SHORT S = 100;
INT I = 1000;
LONG L = 100000L; // NOTE: L OR L SUFFIX TO
INDICATE LONG

FLOAT F = 3.14F; // NOTE: F OR F SUFFIX TO

INDICATE FLOAT

DOUBLE D = 3.14159;
BOOLEAN BOOL = TRUE;
CHAR C = 'A';
// REFERENCE DATA TYPES
STRING STR = "HELLO, WORLD!";
INT[] ARR = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
PUBLIC CLASS FIRST {
PUBLIC STATIC VOID MAIN(STRING[] ARGS) {
SYSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN("HELLO, WORLD!");
}
}

PUBLIC CLASS SECOND {

PUBLIC STATIC VOID MAIN(STRING[] ARGS) {
SYSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN("BS DATA SCIENCE!");
}
}

PUBLIC CLASS THIRD {

PUBLIC STATIC VOID MAIN(STRING[] ARGS) {
SYSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN("SALAR HERE PROGRAMMER!");
}
}
IMPORT JAVA.UTIL.SCANNER;

PUBLIC CLASS ADDITION {

PUBLIC STATIC VOID MAIN(STRING[] ARGS) {
SCANNER SCANNER = NEW SCANNER(SYSTEM.IN);

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINT("ENTER FIRST NUMBER: ");

INT NUM1 = SCANNER.NEXTINT();

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINT("ENTER SECOND NUMBER: ");

INT NUM2 = SCANNER.NEXTINT();

INT SUM = NUM1 + NUM2;

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN("SUM: " + SUM);

SCANNER.CLOSE();

}
}
IMPORT JAVA.UTIL.SCANNER ;

PUBLIC CLASS NUMBERCHECK {

 PUBLIC STATIC VOID MAIN(STRING[] ARGS) {

SCANNER SCANNER = NEW SCANNER(SYSTEM.IN);

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINT("ENTER A NUMBER: ");

INT NUM = SCANNER.NEXTINT();

IF (NUM % 2 == 0) {

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN(NUM + " IS EVEN.");

} ELSE {

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN(NUM + " IS ODD.");

IF (NUM > 0) {

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN(NUM + " IS POSITIVE.");

} ELSE IF (NUM < 0) {

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN(NUM + " IS NEGATIVE.");

} ELSE {

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN(NUM + " IS NEITHER POSITIVE NOR NEGATIVE.");

SCANNER .CLOSE();

IMPORT JAVA .UTIL .S CANNER ;

PUBLIC CLASS GRADESYSTEM {

 PUBLIC STATIC VOID MAIN (S TRING [] ARGS ) {

S CANNER SCANNER = NEW SCANNER(SYSTEM.IN);

S YSTEM.OUT.PRINT("ENTER MARKS OBTAINED (OUT OF 100): ");

INT MARKS = SCANNER.NEXTINT();

CHAR GRADE = CALCULATE GRADE(MARKS);

S YSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN("GRADE: " + GRADE);

SCANNER .CLOSE ();

PUBLIC STATIC CHAR CALCULATE GRADE ( INT MARKS ) {

CHAR GRADE ;

IF (MARKS >= 90) {

GRADE = 'A';

} ELSE IF (MARKS >= 80) {

GRADE = 'B';

} ELSE IF (MARKS >= 70) {

GRADE = 'C';

} ELSE IF (MARKS >= 60) {

GRADE = 'D';

} ELSE IF (MARKS >= 50) {

GRADE = 'E';

} ELSE {

GRADE = 'F';

RETURN GRADE ;

IMPORT JAVA .UTIL .S CANNER ;

PUBLIC CLASS CALCULATOR {

PUBLIC STATIC VOID MAIN (S TRING [] ARGS ) {

S CANNER SCANNER = NEW SCANNER(SYSTEM.IN);

S YSTEM.OUT.PRINT("ENTER FIRST NUMBER: ");

DOUBLE NUM 1 = SCANNER.NEXTDOUBLE();

S YSTEM.OUT.PRINT("ENTER SECOND NUMBER: ");

DOUBLE NUM 2 = SCANNER.NEXTDOUBLE();

S YSTEM.OUT.PRINT("ENTER OPERATOR (+, -, *, /): ");

CHAR OPERATOR = SCANNER.NEXT().CHARAT(0);

DOUBLE RESULT ;

SWITCH (OPERATOR ) {

CASE '+':

RESULT = NUM1 + NUM2;

BREAK ;

CASE '-':

RESULT = NUM1 - NUM2;

BREAK ;

CASE '*':

RESULT = NUM1 * NUM2;

BREAK ;

CASE '/':

IF (NUM 2 != 0) {

RESULT = NUM1 / NUM2;

 } ELSE {

S YSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN("ERROR: DIVISION BY ZERO!");

RETURN ;

BREAK ;

DEFAULT :

S YSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN("ERROR: INVALID OPERATOR !");

RETURN ;

S YSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN("RESULT: " + RESULT);

SCANNER .CLOSE ();

FOR LOOP PROGRAM - PRINT NUMBERS FROM 1 TO 10:

PUBLIC CLASS F ORLOOP EXAMPLE {

PUBLIC STATIC VOID MAIN (S TRING [] ARGS ) {

FOR (INT I = 1; I <= 10; I++) {

S YSTEM.OUT.PRINT(I + " ");

WHILE LOOP PROGRAM - PRINT NUMBERS FROM 1 TO 100:

PUBLIC CLASS WHILELOOPEXAMPLE {

 PUBLIC STATIC VOID MAIN (S TRING [] ARGS ) {

INT I = 1;

WHILE (I <= 100) {

S YSTEM.OUT.PRINT(I + " ");

I++;

FOR LOOP PROGRAM - PRINT MULTIPLICATION TABLE:

IMPORT JAVA .UTIL .S CANNER ;

PUBLIC CLASS MULTIPLICATION TABLE {

PUBLIC STATIC VOID MAIN (S TRING [] ARGS ) {

S CANNER SCANNER = NEW SCANNER(SYSTEM.IN);

S YSTEM.OUT.PRINT("ENTER A NUMBER: ");

INT NUM = SCANNER.NEXTINT();

S YSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN("MULTIPLICATION TABLE OF " + NUM + ":");

FOR (INT I = 1; I <= 10; I++) {

S YSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN(NUM + " X " + I + " = " + ( NUM * I));

SCANNER .CLOSE ();

IMPORT JAVA.UTIL.SCANNER;

PUBLIC CLASS MULTIPLICATIONTABLE {

 PUBLIC STATIC VOID MAIN(STRING[] ARGS) {
SCANNER SCANNER = NEW SCANNER(SYSTEM.IN);
SYSTEM.OUT.PRINT("ENTER A NUMBER: ");
INT NUM = SCANNER.NEXTINT();

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN("MULTIPLICATION TABLE OF " + NUM

+ ":");

INT I = 1;
WHILE (I <= 10) {
SYSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN(NUM + " X " + I + " = " + (NUM *
I));

I++;

SCANNER.CLOSE();

}
}

IMPORT JAVA.UTIL.SCANNER;

PUBLIC CLASS RANGEPRINTER {

 PUBLIC STATIC VOID MAIN(STRING[] ARGS) {
SCANNER SCANNER = NEW SCANNER(SYSTEM.IN);
S YSTEM.OUT.PRINT("ENTER THE STARTING
NUMBER: ");

INT START = SCANNER.NEXTINT();

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINT("ENTER THE ENDING NUMBER: ");
INT END = SCANNER.NEXTINT();
SYSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN("NUMBERS WITHIN THE RANGE
" + START + " TO " + END + ":");
FOR (INT I = START; I <= END; I++) {
SYSTEM.OUT.PRINT(I + " ");
}

SCANNER.CLOSE();

}
}
IMPORT JAVA .UTIL .S CANNER ;

PUBLIC CLASS DAYSMONTHSSEASONS {

PUBLIC STATIC VOID MAIN (S TRING [] ARGS ) {

S CANNER SCANNER = NEW SCANNER(SYSTEM.IN);

S YSTEM.OUT.PRINT("ENTER A MONTH NUMBER (1-12): ");

INT MONTH = SCANNER.NEXTINT();

S TRING SEASON;

INT DAYS ;

SWITCH (MONTH ) {

CASE 1: CASE 3: CASE 5: CASE 7: CASE 8: CASE 10: CASE 12:

SEASON = "W INTER";

DAYS = 31;

BREAK ;

CASE 4: CASE 6: CASE 9: CASE 11:

SEASON = "SUMMER ";

DAYS = 30;

BREAK ;

CASE 2:

SEASON = "SPRING";

DAYS = 28; // A SSUMING NON-LEAP YEAR FOR SIMPLICITY

BREAK ;

DEFAULT :

S YSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN("INVALID MONTH NUMBER!");

SCANNER .CLOSE ();

RETURN ;

S YSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN("NUMBER OF DAYS IN MONTH " + MONTH + ": " + DAYS);

S YSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN("SEASON: " + SEASON);

SCANNER .CLOSE ();

 }

IMPORT JAVA .UTIL .S CANNER ;

PUBLIC CLASS DAYOFWEEK {

PUBLIC STATIC VOID MAIN (S TRING [] ARGS ) {

S CANNER SCANNER = NEW SCANNER(SYSTEM.IN);

S YSTEM.OUT.PRINT("ENTER A NUMBER CHECK DAY OF THE WEEK (1-7): ");

INT DAY NUMBER = SCANNER.NEXTINT();

S TRING DAY;

SWITCH (DAY NUMBER ) {

CASE 1:

DAY = "M ONDAY";

BREAK ;

CASE 2:

DAY = "TUESDAY";

BREAK ;

CASE 3:

DAY = "W EDNESDAY";

BREAK ;

CASE 4:

DAY = "THURSDAY";

BREAK ;

CASE 5:

DAY = "FRIDAY";

BREAK ;

CASE 6:
 DAY = "SATURDAY";

BREAK ;

CASE 7:

DAY = "SUNDAY";

BREAK ;

DEFAULT :

DAY = "INVALID DAY NUMBER";

S YSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN("ACCORDING YOUR NUMBER " + DAYNUMBER + " IS: " + DAY);

SCANNER .CLOSE ();

IMPORT JAVA .UTIL .S CANNER ;

PUBLIC CLASS MONTHOFYEAR {

PUBLIC STATIC VOID MAIN (S TRING [] ARGS ) {

S CANNER SCANNER = NEW SCANNER(SYSTEM.IN);

S YSTEM.OUT.PRINT("ENTER A NUMBER THE MONTH OF THE YEAR (1-12): ");

INT MONTH NUMBER = SCANNER.NEXTINT();

S TRING GREGORIANMONTH;

S TRING ISLAMICMONTH;

SWITCH (MONTH NUMBER ) {

CASE 1:

GREGORIAN MONTH = "JANUARY";

ISLAMIC MONTH = "M UHARRAM";

 BREAK ;

CASE 2:

GREGORIAN MONTH = "FEBRUARY";

ISLAMIC MONTH = "SAFAR";

BREAK ;

CASE 3:

GREGORIAN MONTH = "M ARCH";

ISLAMIC MONTH = "RABI' AL-AWWAL";

BREAK ;

CASE 4:

GREGORIAN MONTH = "A PRIL";

ISLAMIC MONTH = "RABI' AL-THANI";

BREAK ;

CASE 5:

GREGORIAN MONTH = "M AY";

ISLAMIC MONTH = "JUMADA AL-AWWAL";

BREAK ;

CASE 6:

GREGORIAN MONTH = "JUNE";

ISLAMIC MONTH = "JUMADA AL-THANI";

BREAK ;

CASE 7:

GREGORIAN MONTH = "JULY";

ISLAMIC MONTH = "RAJAB";

BREAK ;

CASE 8:

GREGORIAN MONTH = "A UGUST";

 ISLAMIC MONTH = "SHA'BAN";

BREAK ;

CASE 9:

GREGORIAN MONTH = "SEPTEMBER";

ISLAMIC MONTH = "RAMADAN";

BREAK ;

CASE 10:

GREGORIAN MONTH = "OCTOBER";

ISLAMIC MONTH = "SHAWWAL";

BREAK ;

CASE 11:

GREGORIAN MONTH = "NOVEMBER";

ISLAMIC MONTH = "DHU AL-QI'DAH";

BREAK ;

CASE 12:

GREGORIAN MONTH = "DECEMBER";

ISLAMIC MONTH = "DHU AL-HIJJAH";

BREAK ;

DEFAULT :

GREGORIAN MONTH = "INVALID MONTH NUMBER";

ISLAMIC MONTH = "INVALID MONTH NUMBER";

S YSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN("GREGORIAN MONTH TO THE NUMBER " + MONTHNUMBER + " IS: " +

GREGORIAN MONTH);

S YSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN("ISLAMIC MONTH TO THE NUMBER " + MONTHNUMBER + " IS: " +

ISLAMIC MONTH);

SCANNER .CLOSE ();

}
}