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IN JAVA, DATA TYPES SPECIFY THE SIZE AND TYPE OF VALUES THAT CAN BE
STORED IN VARIABLES . JAVA HAS TWO CATEGORIES OF DATA TYPES :
PRIMITIVE DATA TYPES AND REFERENCE DATA TYPES.

1. **PRIMITIVE DATA TYPES**:

- **NUMERIC TYPES**:
- `BYTE`: 8-BIT SIGNED INTEGER . RANGE: -128 TO 127.
- `SHORT`: 16-BIT SIGNED INTEGER . RANGE: -32,768 TO 32,767.
- `INT`: 32-BIT SIGNED INTEGER . RANGE: -2^31 TO 2^31 - 1.
- `LONG`: 64-BIT SIGNED INTEGER . RANGE: -2^63 TO 2^63 - 1.
- `FLOAT`: 32-BIT FLOATING-POINT. EXAMPLE: 3.14F.
- `DOUBLE`: 64-BIT FLOATING-POINT. EXAMPLE: 3.14.
- **BOOLEAN TYPE**:
- `BOOLEAN`: REPRESENTS TRUE OR FALSE.
- **CHARACTER TYPE**:
- `CHAR`: 16-BIT UNICODE CHARACTER. EXAMPLE: 'A', '\U0041'.
2. **REFERENCE DATA TYPES**:
- **CLASSES**: USER-DEFINED DATA TYPES.
- **INTERFACES**: LIKE CLASSES BUT WITH ONLY METHOD
DECLARATIONS.

- **ARRAYS**: COLLECTIONS OF ELEMENTS OF THE SAME TYPE.

HERE'S AN EXAMPLE DEMONSTRATING THE DECLARATION
AND USAGE OF DIFFERENT DATA TYPES:

PUBLIC CLASS DATATYPESEXAMPLE {

PUBLIC STATIC VOID MAIN(STRING[] ARGS) {

// PRIMITIVE DATA TYPES

BYTE B = 10;

SHORT S = 100;

INT I = 1000;

LONG L = 100000L; // NOTE: L OR L SUFFIX TO

INDICATE LONG

FLOAT F = 3.14F; // NOTE: F OR F SUFFIX TO INDICATE

FLOAT

DOUBLE D = 3.14159;

BOOLEAN BOOL = TRUE;

CHAR C = 'A';

// REFERENCE DATA TYPES

STRING STR = "HELLO, WORLD!";
INT[] ARR = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
PUBLIC CLASS FIRST {

PUBLIC STATIC VOID MAIN(STRING[] ARGS) {

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN("HELLO, WORLD!");
}
}

PUBLIC CLASS SECOND {

PUBLIC STATIC VOID MAIN(STRING[] ARGS) {

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN("BS DATA SCIENCE!");

}
}

PUBLIC CLASS THIRD {

PUBLIC STATIC VOID MAIN(STRING[] ARGS) {

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN("SALAR HERE PROGRAMMER!");

}
}
IMPORT JAVA.UTIL.SCANNER;

PUBLIC CLASS ADDITION {

PUBLIC STATIC VOID MAIN(STRING[] ARGS) {

SCANNER SCANNER = NEW SCANNER(SYSTEM.IN);

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINT("ENTER FIRST NUMBER: ");

INT NUM1 = SCANNER.NEXTINT();

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINT("ENTER SECOND NUMBER: ");

INT NUM2 = SCANNER.NEXTINT();

INT SUM = NUM1 + NUM2;

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN("SUM: " + SUM);

SCANNER.CLOSE();

}
}
IMPORT JAVA .UTIL.SCANNER ;

PUBLIC CLASS NUMBER CHECK {

PUBLIC STATIC VOID MAIN (STRING[] ARGS) {

SCANNER SCANNER = NEW SCANNER(SYSTEM.IN);

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINT("ENTER A NUMBER: ");

INT NUM = SCANNER .NEXTINT();

IF (NUM % 2 == 0) {

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN(NUM + " IS EVEN.");

} ELSE {

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN(NUM + " IS ODD.");

IF (NUM > 0) {

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN(NUM + " IS POSITIVE.");

} ELSE IF (NUM < 0) {

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN(NUM + " IS NEGATIVE.");

} ELSE {

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN(NUM + " IS NEITHER POSITIVE NOR NEGATIVE.");

SCANNER .CLOSE();

}
IMPORT JAVA. UTIL .SCANNER ;

PUBLIC CLASS G RADE SYSTEM {

PUBLIC STATIC VOID MAIN(STRING [] ARGS) {

SCANNER SCANNER = NEW SCANNER(SYSTEM.IN);

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINT("ENTER MARKS OBTAINED (OUT OF 100): ");

INT MARKS = SCANNER . NEXTI NT();

CHAR GRADE = CALCULATE G RADE ( MARKS);

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN("GRADE: " + GRADE);

SCANNER. CLOSE ();

PUBLIC STATIC CHAR CALCULATE G RADE ( INT MARKS) {

CHAR GRADE ;

IF ( MARKS >= 90) {

GRADE = 'A';

} ELSE IF (MARKS >= 80) {

GRADE = 'B';

} ELSE IF (MARKS >= 70) {

GRADE = 'C';

} ELSE IF (MARKS >= 60) {

GRADE = 'D';

} ELSE IF (MARKS >= 50) {

GRADE = 'E';

} ELSE {

GRADE = 'F';

RETURN GRADE ;

}
IMPORT JAVA. UTIL .SCANNER ;

PUBLIC CLASS C ALCULATOR {

PUBLIC STATIC VOID MAIN (STRING [] ARGS) {

SCANNER SCANNER = NEW SCANNER(SYSTEM.IN);

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINT("ENTER FIRST NUMBER : ");

DOUBLE NUM 1 = SCANNER . NEXTDOUBLE ();

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINT("ENTER SECOND NUMBER : ");

DOUBLE NUM 2 = SCANNER . NEXTDOUBLE ();

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINT("ENTER OPERATOR (+, -, *, /): ");

CHAR OPERATOR = SCANNER . NEXT(). CHARAT(0);

DOUBLE RESULT ;

SWITCH ( OPERATOR) {

CASE '+':

RESULT = NUM 1 + NUM 2;

BREAK ;

CASE '-':

RESULT = NUM 1 - NUM 2;

BREAK ;

CASE '*':

RESULT = NUM 1 * NUM 2;

BREAK ;

CASE '/':
 IF ( NUM 2 != 0) {

RESULT = NUM 1 / NUM 2;

} ELSE {

SYSTEM .OUT.PRINTLN("ERROR: DIVISION BY ZERO !");

RETURN;

BREAK ;

DEFAULT :

SYSTEM .OUT.PRINTLN("ERROR: INVALID OPERATOR!");

RETURN;

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN("RESULT: " + RESULT);

SCANNER. CLOSE ();

FOR LOOP PROGRAM - PRINT NUMBERS FROM 1 TO 10:

PUBLIC CLASS FORLOOPEXAMPLE {

PUBLIC STATIC VOID MAIN(STRING [] ARGS) {

FOR ( INT I = 1; I <= 10; I++) {

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINT(I + " ");

}
WHILE LOOP PROGRAM - PRINT NUMBERS FROM 1 TO 100:

PUBLIC CLASS W HILE LOOP EXAMPLE {

PUBLIC STATIC VOID MAIN(STRING [] ARGS) {

INT I = 1;

WHILE ( I <= 100) {

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINT(I + " ");

I++;

FOR LOOP PROGRAM - PRINT MULTIPLICATION TABLE:

IMPORT JAVA. UTIL .SCANNER ;

PUBLIC CLASS MULTIPLICATION T ABLE {

PUBLIC STATIC VOID MAIN(STRING [] ARGS) {

SCANNER SCANNER = NEW SCANNER(SYSTEM.IN);

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINT("ENTER A NUMBER: ");

INT NUM = SCANNER. NEXTI NT();

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN("MULTIPLICATION TABLE OF " + NUM + ":");

FOR ( INT I = 1; I <= 10; I++) {

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN(NUM + " X " + I + " = " + (NUM * I));

SCANNER. CLOSE ();

}
IMPORT JAVA.UTIL.SCANNER;

PUBLIC CLASS MULTIPLICATIONTABLE {

PUBLIC STATIC VOID MAIN(STRING [] ARGS) {

SCANNER SCANNER = NEW SCANNER(SYSTEM.IN);

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINT("ENTER A NUMBER: ");
INT NUM = SCANNER.NEXTINT();

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN("MULTIPLICATION TABLE OF " + NUM +

":");

INT I = 1;

WHILE (I <= 10) {

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN(NUM + " X " + I + " = " + (NUM * I));

I++;

SCANNER.CLOSE();

}
}
IMPORT JAVA.UTIL.SCANNER;

PUBLIC CLASS RANGEPRINTER {

PUBLIC STATIC VOID MAIN(STRING[] ARGS) {

SCANNER SCANNER = NEW SCANNER(SYSTEM.IN);

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINT("ENTER THE STARTING
NUMBER: ");

INT START = SCANNER.NEXTINT();

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINT("ENTER THE ENDING NUMBER: ");

INT END = SCANNER.NEXTINT();

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN("NUMBERS WITHIN THE RANGE "

+ START + " TO " + END + ":");
FOR (INT I = START; I <= END; I++) {

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINT(I + " ");

}

SCANNER.CLOSE();

}
}
IMPORT JAVA. UTIL .SCANNER ;

PUBLIC CLASS D AYSMONTHSS EASONS {

PUBLIC STATIC VOID MAIN(STRING [] ARGS) {

SCANNER SCANNER = NEW SCANNER(SYSTEM.IN);

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINT("ENTER A MONTH NUMBER (1-12): ");

INT MONTH = SCANNER . NEXTI NT();

STRING SEASON ;

INT DAYS;

SWITCH ( MONTH) {

CASE 1: CASE 3: CASE 5: CASE 7: CASE 8: CASE 10: CASE 12:

SEASON = "W INTER ";

DAYS = 31;

BREAK ;

CASE 4: CASE 6: CASE 9: CASE 11:

SEASON = "SUMMER ";

DAYS = 30;

BREAK ;

CASE 2:

SEASON = "SPRING ";

DAYS = 28; // A SSUMING NON -LEAP YEAR FOR SIMPLICITY

BREAK ;

DEFAULT :

SYSTEM .OUT.PRINTLN("INVALID MONTH NUMBER !");

SCANNER. CLOSE ();

RETURN;
 }

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN("NUMBER OF DAYS IN MONTH " + MONTH + ": " + DAYS);

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN("SEASON: " + SEASON);

SCANNER. CLOSE ();

IMPORT JAVA. UTIL .SCANNER ;

PUBLIC CLASS D AYOFWEEK {

PUBLIC STATIC VOID MAIN(STRING [] ARGS) {

SCANNER SCANNER = NEW SCANNER(SYSTEM.IN);

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINT("ENTER A NUMBER CHECK DAY OF THE WEEK (1-7): ");

INT DAYN UMBER = SCANNER . NEXTI NT();

STRING DAY;

SWITCH ( DAYN UMBER ) {

CASE 1:

DAY = "MONDAY ";

BREAK ;

CASE 2:

DAY = "T UESDAY ";

BREAK ;

CASE 3:

DAY = "WEDNESDAY ";

BREAK ;

CASE 4:

DAY = "T HURSDAY ";

BREAK ;
 CASE 5:

DAY = "FRIDAY ";

BREAK ;

CASE 6:

DAY = "S ATURDAY ";

BREAK ;

CASE 7:

DAY = "SUNDAY ";

BREAK ;

DEFAULT :

DAY = "I NVALID DAY NUMBER ";

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN("ACCORDING YOUR NUMBER " + DAYNUMBER + " IS: " + DAY);

SCANNER. CLOSE ();

IMPORT JAVA. UTIL .SCANNER ;

PUBLIC CLASS MONTHO FY EAR {

PUBLIC STATIC VOID MAIN(STRING [] ARGS) {

SCANNER SCANNER = NEW SCANNER(SYSTEM.IN);

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINT("ENTER A NUMBER THE MONTH OF THE YEAR (1-12): ");

INT MONTH N UMBER = SCANNER. NEXTI NT();

STRING GREGORIANMONTH;

STRING ISLAMIC MONTH ;

SWITCH ( MONTHN UMBER ) {

CASE 1:

GREGORIANMONTH = "JANUARY ";

ISLAMIC MONTH = "MUHARRAM ";

BREAK ;

CASE 2:

GREGORIANMONTH = "FEBRUARY ";

ISLAMIC MONTH = "SAFAR ";

BREAK ;

CASE 3:

GREGORIANMONTH = "MARCH ";

ISLAMIC MONTH = "RABI' AL -AWWAL ";

BREAK ;

CASE 4:

GREGORIANMONTH = "A PRIL ";

ISLAMIC MONTH = "RABI' AL -T HANI ";

BREAK ;

CASE 5:

GREGORIANMONTH = "MAY";

ISLAMIC MONTH = "J UMADA AL -AWWAL ";

BREAK ;

CASE 6:

GREGORIANMONTH = "JUNE ";

ISLAMIC MONTH = "J UMADA AL -T HANI";

BREAK ;

CASE 7:

GREGORIANMONTH = "JULY";
 ISLAMIC MONTH = "RAJAB";

BREAK ;

CASE 8:

GREGORIANMONTH = "A UGUST";

ISLAMIC MONTH = "SHA 'BAN";

BREAK ;

CASE 9:

GREGORIANMONTH = "SEPTEMBER";

ISLAMIC MONTH = "RAMADAN";

BREAK ;

CASE 10:

GREGORIANMONTH = "OCTOBER";

ISLAMIC MONTH = "SHAWWAL ";

BREAK ;

CASE 11:

GREGORIANMONTH = "N OVEMBER";

ISLAMIC MONTH = "DHU AL -QI' DAH";

BREAK ;

CASE 12:

GREGORIANMONTH = "DECEMBER";

ISLAMIC MONTH = "DHU AL -HIJJAH";

BREAK ;

DEFAULT :

GREGORIANMONTH = "I NVALID MONTH NUMBER ";

ISLAMIC MONTH = "I NVALID MONTH NUMBER ";

SYSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN("GREGORIAN MONTH TO THE NUMBER " + MONTHNUMBER + " IS: " +

GREGORIANMONTH);
 SYSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN("ISLAMIC MONTH TO THE NUMBER " + MONTHNUMBER + " IS: " +
ISLAMIC MONTH);

SCANNER. CLOSE ();