LABORATORY INVENTORY AND MONITORING SYSTEM FOR

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND INIFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

(CSIT) DEPARTMENT - COMPUTER LABORATORY

A Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of the
Computer Science and Information Technology Department,
College of Arts and Sciences,
Negros Oriental State University Bais City Campus

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the degree Bachelor of Science in Computer Science

SYLVESTER O. AGUILAR
PETER GIL B. BUSTILLO
BERNARD A. MAPESO
RINARGED K. ORTEGA
RUBEN C. VERBO III

MAY 2024

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 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Project Context
In the modern world filled with constant and overpouring tasks, the use of
technology is one of the effective ways to do things more efficiently, easier, and
faster. In that way, people will eventually finish their jobs with less hassle and
maximize their time, especially in educational operations such as proposal or
agreement, approval, activities, etc. Through this, it could provide efficient and
effective exchange of information, including materials. Technology like the Bar Code
is extremely useful due to its utilization process, mainly when it comes to recording
crucial transactions or agreements compiled as evidence to support a particular
claim or documentation in a particular institution where one can immediately access
and manage tasks at the same time.
In the statement of Panganiban & Bermusa (2020), most working
environment require an inventory system whether manual or computerized. This
process in their workplace is very important to keep track of their activities that
includes raw materials, office supplies, goods and other tangible things. The
inventory system is made use for predictability, demand fluctuations, supply
reliability, price protection, and discounts. Inventory can be made work-in process,
raw materials, and finished goods; to help in inventory, quantity, and proper
formatting as well as in receiving reports promptly and to give a better and exclusive
way for communication.
Through the use of technology, individuals can easily get on track with what
happened during a certain period and how to organize a particular activity afterward
in a sequenced manner, which is one of the difficulties faced by most people in
safeguarding vital information. Providing a service to the people locating and
tracking the one they considered pivot for future references and presenting what
sort of circumstances commenced during a specific time.
The main purpose of this research is to assist the faculties, staff, and students
in utilizing their work as well as to provide immediate and less hassle course of
action when the time for the use of laboratory equipment is urgent. Due to the

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number of frequent equipment demands, it has been observed that there is
difficulty, confusion, and disorganized management in using a particular equipment.
Consequently, the researchers working on this thesis decided to come up with a
solution to aid the above-mentioned problem. The action taken from this point was
to utilize an existing blueprint for the accuracy in organizing the system with an
objective to address the inventory stipulation, including the monitoring of laboratory
equipment.
With this conduction, the researchers explored how paramount it is to
acknowledge the essence of an efficient sequence of order, securing, and managing
the institution's personal property. From this point, the researchers also deducted
the impact of both contained and disordered phenomena; and the degree of human
convenience and perceptions dealt with these occurrences.
The overall aim was to prioritize and give importance to every property that
demonstrated an imperative detail and contributed to the efficacy of learning
attainment. To display the advantages of a categorized label that will aid the possible
negative impact in all aspects of work.

Significance of the Study

This research is important to all people in the institution. This research study
focuses on providing convenience to make the workload and/or activities easier and
faster among the people within Negros Oriental State University-Bais Campus I.
Specifically, this study will benefit the following:
School. The findings of this research study will demonstrate how dedicated
the Negros Oriental State University is in fulfilling one’s duty and providing quality
education as well as effectuating the vision and mission of an institution. This will be
a steppingstone in recognizing the dignified approach in pursuit of excellence.
Furthermore, the research findings can establish a more sustainable learning
environment, proper resources accreditation, and leverage collaborative efforts.
Faculties. This research study will provide a more agile working environment
for the teachers to access and manage equipment effectively, ensuring the resources
are available when needed, and enhancing public reliance in the educational

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premises. Additionally, it promotes accountability and transparency in the handling
of school properties with the intent to prevent mismanagement or misuse.
Students. This study will benefit the students by fast-tracking a particular
equipment inside the school premises, time maximization, and acquiring practical
applications on how to organize things as it supposed to be.
Future Researchers. This study can serve as a basis for future research
endeavors in the field of programming and innovation. Allowing researchers to
enhance their skills and explore.

Objectives of the Project

The objectives of this study is to:
 Assist faculties, and staff in utilizing their work efficiently.
 Provide immediate and less hassle course of action for urgent use of
laboratory items.
 Address difficulty, confusion, and disorganized management in item usage.
 Address inventory secure and monitor laboratory items.

Scope and Limitations

Scope
This system only focuses on the CSIT Laboratory Inventory and Monitoring
System. The system will be operated by Barcode scanner to track and control of that
laboratory equipment. The OIC can access stock information through Barcode
scanner and mobile devices with Barcode scanning capabilities. Support will be
provided to ensure the efficiency of running and maintaining the system.
Limitations
This system’s accuracy depends on the correct placement of Barcodes on
stock items and may be affected by human errors. Any additional feature
enhancement with the system will not be further accommodated.

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 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Related Literature
Block Chain Based Inventory Management by QR Code Using Open CV
Inventory management is a part of the supply chain where inventory and
quantities of stock are tracked in and out of the stockroom. Proper handling of
inventory will lead to successful supply chain management in any organization. QR
codes make this inventory management speedy. This fast information transfer will
also reduce the number of errors in inventory records and also gives accurate results
to make informed decisions during frequent reviews (Lakshmi et al. 2021).

An Innovative Approach to Developing a Multi-Domain Lab Inventory

Management System (LIMS)
Tracking field and laboratory samples and their associated data have long
been a desired tool for resource managers and researchers. Several proprietary
software platforms exist to assist with these tasks. However, their annual licensing
costs, coupled with the often-narrow types of trackable samples (eg, DNA or
chemical analyses only), made using proprietary software untenable. Wyoming Lab
Inventory Management System (WyoLIMS) was developed as an end-to-end system
of software and hardware designed to capture and track data, from the initial sample
collection, through each subsequent analysis, and after research has long since
concluded, regardless of the sample origin or types of laboratory analyses run.
Samples may have many relational types as they can be separated, replicated,
aggregated, and destroyed (Nicholas W Case. 2022).

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Development of an Automated Laboratory Assets Inventory Control with Security
System
This study is the development of an automated laboratory asset with an
inventory system and security features using passive Radio Frequency ID (RFID). The
RFID, in
combination with bar code, is used to log-in and log- out borrowed
equipment during laboratory and non-laboratory classes or even during research
class. With the automated system, the dispensing process is reduced. A real-time
inventory of equipment, as well as utilization reports, is easily generated and
accessed by the authorized personnel. From the manual system with a cycle time
process of 15.45 minutes for dispensing of equipment, the dispensing time was
reduced to 2.92 minutes, and 5.17 minutes of returning of equipment to 4.54
minutes, which are 81.10% and 12.19% improvement respectively. The inventory
report requires a day to prepare generated in a minute. A user-interface survey was
deployed to the students to determine the acceptability of the system. Sixty
respondents had high acceptability in terms of user-interface, perceived usefulness,
and perceived ease of use. The system has been tested for three semesters now in
the Engineering Laboratory (Evelyn Raguindin et al.2019).

Design of Smart Inventory Management System for Construction Sector Based on

IoT and Cloud Computing
Monitoring and managing consumption of raw materials and goods in any
manufacturing industry is considered a vital activity to operational sustainability and
profitability. Given the current state of global competition, manufacturing industries
are almost always on the lookout for an inventory management system that would
help curtail costs and reduce time required to supply raw materials and goods to
carry out production quickly and efficiently. It is, therefore, of paramount
importance that continuous improvements are carried out on existing inventory
management designs to stay relevant (Rajesh Bose et al. 2022).

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A Systematic Review on Android-Based Platform for Smart Inventory System
Effective inventory system can help the prevention of stockouts, effective
management of different locations, as well as the maintenance of accurate records
in a business. Nowadays, digitalization is a critical component of business operations.
Digitalization is the process of implementing new digital technology into all aspects
of a company’s operations, resulting in a significant change in how the business
operates. A systematic mapping has been performed on Android-based for smart
inventory system by using digitalized technology which is barcoding technology. The
mapping is done by conducting a systematic mapping process for analyzing related
research areas on barcode and inventory system (Abdul Rahman et al. 2023).

Foreign Studies
A Robust Stochastic Decision-making Model for Inventory Allocation of Surgical
Supplies to Reduce Logistics Costs in Hospitals: A case study
In a hospital, surgical supplies can be stored in multiple locations, each of
which has limited space and different associated costs. The locations include central
storage, where items are retrieved to build a cart of supplies for each procedure;
sterile storage adjacent to the operating rooms; and within the operating rooms
themselves. In practice, the decision on allocating items to these locations is often
based on the staff’s experience, rather than through optimization methods. In this
research, we have identified the costs associated with each location to determine
where each item should be stored and in what quantities (E. Ahmadi et al. 2019).
The study of Godichaud & Amodeo (2019), EOQ models with stockouts for
disassembly systems. Safety stock determines how much inventory is needed during
the Grace period in meeting the amount of demand. Inventory management can
play a positive role in small firms’ growth. This has brought important messages that
the input markets and the business environment in Vietnam have not yet stimulated
well-economic activities, so they exploit and create additional financial resources
such as borrowing to consolidate their endogenous resources (Park et al., 2020).
"Government support and small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) performance:
the moderating effects of diagnostic and support services.

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Design and Implementation of An Online Inventory Monitoring System
A significant part of Inventory Management is inventory monitoring. In recent
years, many inventory management systems have been created. These frameworks
allow stocks of products and items put away in amasses be taken up. It is important
to track the inventory and that is where control systems for inventory come in. The
inventory information management systems and inventory monitoring systems are
coordinated and sent together at a fixed point at store locations in some of the
current inventory management systems. This kind of strategy does not facilitate
efficient monitoring of stock levels and sales records because a store manager can
possibly monitor the stock when he is on-site, despite the fact that he manages more
than one store most of the time (Sulihat Ibrahim-Imam, 2020).

Local Studies
Development of a Hotel Inventory System through Agile Methodology
This paper presents the daily inventory experience of Hotel ABC, the
problems with their business operations, and the researchers’ solution to their
problems. Due to the fact that Hotel ABC does not have an automated inventory
system, all their data and records are manually stored in Excel sheets or just
handwritten on paper. All inventory processes are generally taken care of by the
accounting department which results in a bottleneck in their operations. Another
issue is the delayed generation of inventory reports. To solve the current problems,
the researchers proposed to make a hotel inventory system. The goal of the
inventory system is to reduce the inaccuracy and loss of data and eliminate the
bottleneck in the daily operations of the hotel. (Alexis Janmarie Diaz et al., 2021).

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Related Studies
The locations include central storage, where items are retrieved to build a
cart of supplies for each procedure; sterile storage adjacent to the operating rooms;
and within
the operating rooms themselves. In practice, the decision on allocating items
to these locations is often based on the staff’s experience, rather than through
optimization methods. In this research, we have identified the costs associated with
each location to determine where each item should be stored and in what quantities
(E. Ahmadi et al., 2019).
According to Faizah Zailani (2020), in line with the technological advances,
this paper proposed smartphones based QR codes to record the presence staff of
Electrical Engineering Department. The proposed system used QR code to identify
individuals working in the department and smartphone as a QR code mobile scanner.
Each staff card of Electrical Engineering Department will be equipped with a unique
QR code. The interface of QR code mobile application scanner designed based on a
real-time scanner using MIT Apps Inventor software. The integration of Google Apps
Script applications and the Android Barco. The developed QR Code Attendance
System is very practical as its portable scanners and database systems are also
accessible online by management. An accurate report based on the staff attendance
also can generated quickly by using Google Sheets. Therefore, the staff attendance
monitoring system will be more effective and easier to control.
Safety stock determines how much inventory is needed during the Grace
period in meeting the amount of demand (Godichaud & Amodeo, 2019). Inventory
management can play a positive role in small firms’ growth. This has brought
important messages that the input markets and the business environment in
Vietnam have not yet stimulated well-economic activities, so they exploit and create
additional financial resources such as borrowing to consolidate their endogenous
resources (Park et al., 2020).
Daily inventory experience of Hotel ABC, the problems with their business
operations, and the researchers’ solution to their problems. Due to the fact that
Hotel ABC does not have an automated inventory system, all their data and records

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are manually stored in Excel sheets or just handwritten on paper. All inventory
processes are generally taken care of by the accounting department which results
into a bottleneck in their operations. Another issue is the delayed generation of
inventory reports. In order to solve the current problems, the researchers proposed
to make a hotel inventory system. The goal of the inventory system is to reduce the
inaccuracy and loss of data and eliminate the bottleneck in the daily operations of
the hotel (Alexis Janmarie Diaz et al., 2021).

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Theoretical Framework of the Study

Figure: UTAUT Model

The UTAUT Model, or Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology,
serves as a comprehensive framework for explaining user perceptions and
acceptance behavior in technology adoption (Venkatesh et al., 2003). According to
this theoretical model, actual technology usage is influenced by behavioral intention,
which is, in turn, determined by the direct impact of four critical constructs:
performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating
conditions. Additionally, the influence of these predictors is moderated by individual
factors such as age, gender, experience, and voluntariness of use (Venkatesh et al.,
2003).

Performance expectancy, a key concept in the UTAUT model, refers to the

belief that using a system will enhance job performance. Rooted in various
technology acceptance theories, including TAM, TAM2, CTAMTPB, MM, MPCU, IDT,
and SCT, it encompasses factors like perceived usefulness, extrinsic motivation, job-

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fit, relative advantage, and outcome expectations. This expectancy is a robust
predictor of usage intention in both voluntary and mandatory settings. Effort
expectancy, denoting the ease of system use, is another UTAUT construct. It
diminishes in significance after prolonged technology use. Social influence gauges
the impact of others' perceptions on system use, especially in mandatory contexts.
Facilitating conditions reflect the belief in organizational and technical support for
system use. Moderating factors such as age, gender, experience, and voluntariness
of use influence the strength of predictors on intention. UTAUT, comparing
prominent technology acceptance theories, demonstrates significant predictive
power, accounting for 70 percent of variance in use intention. The model
underscores the interactive complexities involving personal and demographic factors
in the technology acceptance process.

Applying the UTAUT model to an Inventory Management and Monitoring

System can provide valuable insights into factors influencing user acceptance and
utilization.

Leveraging the UTAUT model can significantly enhance staff acceptance and
utilization of an inventory management and monitoring system. UTAUT highlights
core factors influencing user experience: Performance Expectancy, where staff
believe the system improves tasks. Functionalities like real-time stock levels,
automatic reordering suggestions, and stock analysis address this, leading to
increased efficiency and reduced stockouts. Effort Expectancy emphasizes a user-
friendly system with a clear interface, easy navigation, and intuitive data entry.
Barcode can further streamline tasks and minimize training time.

Social Influence plays a role, where observing colleagues successfully using

the system and receiving positive feedback from managers encourages wider
adoption. Training sessions showcasing best practices can leverage this to promote
benefits. Facilitating Conditions ensure staff trust the system's reliability, data
security, and seamless integration with existing workflows. Reliable data backups,

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clear access control, and compatibility with other business systems are crucial.
UTAUT also considers additional constructs: Habit, where regular use becomes
ingrained in daily routines for optimal efficiency. Technology Anxiety is minimized
through clear instructions, readily available help resources, and user-friendly
interfaces to address concerns of users with varying technical skillsets.

Finally, Perceived Biased Treatment ensures the system is perceived as fair

and unbiased in task automation or data presentation. This fosters staff trust in the
information provided and avoids feelings of being replaced by technology. By
aligning the inventory management and monitoring system with these UTAUT
considerations, institutions can achieve significant benefits: increased staff
productivity, improved inventory accuracy, enhanced decision-making through data-
driven insights, and reduced costs through optimized stock levels. Regular user
feedback and system updates based on usage patterns will ensure continuous
improvement and maximize the system's effectiveness over time.

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Conceptual Framework

Inputs: Process: Output:

 Conducting of  Improved
 Equipment
Intensified System Inventory
Penetration Accuracy
1. Barcode
 Collecting of Data  Streamlined
2. Barcode Scanner
Procurement
 Organizing of Data
 Execution Difficulties  Reduced
 Analyzing of Data Inventory Cost

1. Alignment  Interpreting of Data  Enhanced

Inventory
2. Clarity
 Findings Visibility
3.
 Devices Penetration  Results  Refined
Laboratory
 Conclusion Efficiency
1. Incompatible
 Timely
2. Malfunction

This conceptual framework presents a systematic approach to enhancing

inventory management and laboratory efficiency. It begins with inputs such as
barcode equipment and scanners, while also considering potential execution
difficulties like alignment and clarity, as well as issues with device penetration such
as incompatibility and malfunction. The process involves conducting intensified
system penetration, followed by data collection, organization, analysis, and
interpretation, leading to findings, results, and conclusions. The outputs of this
framework include improved inventory accuracy, streamlined procurement
processes, reduced inventory costs, enhanced visibility of inventory, refined
laboratory efficiency, and timely actions to address identified issues and
opportunities for improvement.

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CHAPTER III
Technicality of the project
The CSIT Laboratory Inventory and Monitoring system is operated by a local
web server development tool, providing access to a web portal through any web
browser on computers or laptops. The project involves various technical terms,
including VS Code: Text Editor. Server-client side: PHP, HTML, CSS. Database: Xampp,
MySQL. Functionality: Web application, PhpMyAdmin. Several of these terms also
represent the technologies employed in the project."

Details of the technologies to be used

This project will be available in any technology, such as mobile phones,
laptops, and computers running the system. Technology tools used in developing the
project are as follows:
VS Code – Visual Studio Code (VS Code) is a versatile code editor used by
both front-end and back-end developers. In the development of the system, we
made use of Visual Studio Code for encoding the source code system to be the
accurate and fast acquisition of data and information.
PHP – is a server-side scripting language primarily used for web development.
PHP is widely used to create dynamic web pages, handle form data, interact with
databases, and perform various server-side tasks.
Xampp – provides a convenient way to set up a local server environment on a
computer, developers will use this as a development tool allowing them to develop
and test web applications without the need for a live internet connection.
MySQL – is an open-source relational database management system and one
of the system development-compatible databases.
HTML – is the standard markup language used to create and design
documents on Web pages. It serves as the backbone of web content, providing the
structure and semantics. HTML uses tags to define elements within a document,
specifying headings, paragraphs, links, images, tables, and other components.
CSS – Cascading Style Sheets, is used for styling and visually formatting HTML
documents. The layout of Web pages is used to define text styles, table sizes, and

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other aspects of Web pages that previously could only be in a page’s HTML. CSS
helps Web developers create a uniform look across several pages of a Web site.
Bootstrap – is a popular front-end framework used for web pages. This is for
designing and building the graphical user interface of the web-based application.
JavaScript – is a versatile programming language primarily used for creating
interactive and dynamic content on websites. It allows developers to create pop-ups,
drop-down menus, animations, and user-friendly interfaces.

How the project work

After granting permission for the requested equipment from the students,
the laboratory staff will now record the borrowed items via a scanner device which
scans the Barcode from the laboratory's equipment printed poster and inputs the
exact quantity of the borrowed item. The scanning and input process is repeated for
any additional items. Once the Barcode scan and quantity input is complete, the
system will provide a form for the staff to fill out the borrower's contact details, such
as name, year course, and contact number. Upon form completion, the system
records all scanned and input data about borrowed items and their respective
borrowers.

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CHAPTER IV
METHODOLOGY, RESULTS AND DESCRIPTION
This chapter presented the methods and procedures on how the thesis
project is to be done. The proponents conducted descriptive qualitative methods to
collect as much data to capture all the procedures.

Environment
Locale
The origins of Negros Oriental State University trace back to 1907 when
Governor Hermenegildo Villanueva proposed industrial arts education at Negros
Oriental Provincial School (NOPS), precursor to Negros Oriental High School (NOHS).
This led to the addition of woodworking to the curriculum. In 1927, the
woodworking class evolved into Negros Oriental Trade School (NOTS), gaining its
own campus in 1932. Closed during WWII, NOTS reopened in 1946, becoming co-
educational in 1950. Renamed East Visayan School of Arts and Trades (EVSAT) in
1956, it expanded its technical curriculum. EVSAT later offered teacher education
and graduate programs. In 1983, it merged with other institutions, including Genaro
Goñi Memorial College in the City of Bais, Siaton Community College in the
Municipality of Siaton, and Mabinay Institute of Technology in the Municipality of
Mabinay, to form Central Visayas Polytechnic College (CVPC). Dr. Marcelo C.
Jalandoon led CVPC through post-Martial Law challenges. Dr. Henry A. Sojor,
appointed in 1991, prioritized academic development. By 2004, CVPC transformed
into Negros Oriental State University (NORSU), integrating the three mentioned
colleges. Presently, Dr. Joel P. Limson leads the university.

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Organizational Chart/Profile

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Operational Feasibility
Evaluating user acceptance, workflow integration, training requirements,
resource allocation, and the system's impact on performance. By conducting this
assessment, they ensure that the proposed system is practical, beneficial, and
conducive to achieving operational objectives.
Fishbone Diagram

Process People

Lost of inventory record.

Inefficient scanning workflows
leading to delays.

LABORATORY
INVENTORY AND
MONITORING
SYSTEM

Insufficient storage conditions.

Equipment malfunction
affecting data accuracy.

Environment
Equipment

FIGURE 3: FISHBONE DIAGRAM

The figure above addressing factors such as staff training, equipment
selection, label quality, and procedural clarity, laboratories can optimize barcode
scanning processes and enhance overall inventory management capabilities.

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Functional Decomposition Diagram

LABORATORY INVENTORY AND MONITORING

SYSTEM FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE AND
INIFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
(CSIT) DEPARTMENT - COMPUTER LABORATORY

LOGIN

ADMIN

INVENTORY
ANALYTICS SCANNER BORROWERS ITEMS TRANSACTIONS
LOGS

ADD
ITEMS BARCODE ID ADD PRODUCT SEARCH PRINT
BORROWER

BORROWER ITEM SEARCH SEARCH RETURN EXCEL

TRANSACTIONS ITEM DETAILS EDIT BARCODE PDF

INVENTORY
BORROWER DELETE ADD QUANTITY SEARCH
LOGS

QUANTITY EDIT

DELETE

Figure 4: Functional Decomposition Diagram

The diagram above shows the Laboratory Inventory and Monitoring System
for Computer Science and Information Technology (CSIT) Department - Computer
Laboratory. The admin/faculty and staff can process the request transactions of the
students.
A Functional Decomposition Diagram (FDD) shows the breakdown structure of
the component of a system that the researchers developed after studying the data
gathered in the feasibility and planning phase would help track the functionality of
the system and to know the features added to the system.

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Technical Feasibility
Implementing a Laboratory Inventory and Monitoring System (LIMS) with
barcode scanners involves acquiring compatible hardware like scanners and
computers, choosing suitable software for integration. This includes designing an
easy-to-use interface and securing data through encryption and authentication.

Compatibility Checking (Hardware/software and other Technologies)

Verifying that the selected barcode scanners are compatible with the chosen
computing devices and that they can communicate effectively. Additionally, the LIMS
software must be capable of integrating seamlessly with both the barcode scanning
hardware and any other required technologies, such as label printers or database
management systems. Conducting thorough compatibility checks during the
planning phase helps prevent technical issues and ensures smooth operation of the
system.

Relevance of Technologies
Choosing hardware and software that fit the lab's needs and goals, like
compatible barcode scanning systems. Considering emerging options, such as cloud-
based solutions or mobile apps, can boost accessibility and scalability. By selecting
the right technologies, labs can ensure the system works efficiently and meets their
requirements effectively.

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Schedule Feasibility
Gantt Chart

Task Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr

Creating Title
(September 16)
Presentation of
Proposed Title
Title Defense
(October 26)
Revision of
Correction
Passing Of
Chapter
1-3
Continuation of
Doing a System
Discussion of the
System
Finalization and
Finish Product of
the System
Chapter IV
Scheduling of
Final Defense
Final Defense

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Economic Feasibility
 Cost Analysis
DEVELOPMENTAL COST
ITEM PRICE
Scanner 750
Printer 8,000
Developmental Labor 2,500
Computer Set 24,000
Total 35,250

 Benefit Analysis
1. Improved Service
2. Easy Data Access
3. Information Security
4. Fast Navigation
5. Storage-wise

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Requirements Modelling
A thorough finding describes the current system and identifies the
requirements for the new system, such as Input, Process, Output, Performance,
Control, and Data and Process Modelling.

Inputs: Process: Output:

 Conducting of  Improved
 Equipment
Intensified System Inventory
Penetration Accuracy
3. Barcode
 Collecting of Data  Streamlined
4. Barcode Scanner
Procurement
 Organizing of Data
 Execution Difficulties  Reduced
 Analyzing of Data Inventory Cost

4. Alignment  Interpreting of Data  Enhanced

Inventory
5. Clarity
 Findings Visibility
6.
 Devices Penetration  Results  Refined
Laboratory
 Conclusion Efficiency
3. Incompatible
 Timely
4. Malfunction

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DATA AND PROCESS MODELLING
Context Diagram

Inventory Status Item Information LABORATORY

INFORMATION
SYSTEM

Admin

Transaction Receipt

Figure 8: Context Diagram

The figure above shows the interactions between a system and other actors
(external factors) with which the system is designed to interface.

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 Data Flow Diagram

Save
Scan Item
Borrower Borrower’s
Barcode
Information
Information Input Item Barcode

Process Item
Print Receipt
Transaction Preferences

Figure 9: Data Flow Diagram

This illustrates how data is processed by a system in terms of inputs and outputs.

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System Flowchart

Figure 10: System Flowchart

This diagram conveys how parts of a system work together, by displaying how data
flows through the system and how decisions affect this process.

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Program Flowchart

START

SYSTEM
INITIALIZATION

BARCODE
SCAN

ITEM
IDENTIFICATION

ITEM
MODIFICATION

STORE AND
ANALYZE

PRINT
RECEIPT

STOP

Figure 11: Program Flowchart

The presentation describes the visualization tool use when creating a new program
to understand a process, workflow or algorithm.

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Object Modelling
Use Case Diagram

LOGIN

ADMIN

ANALYTICS

SCANNER

BORROWERS

ITEMS

TRANSACTIONS

INVENTORY
LOGS

Figure 12: Use Case Diagram

The above visual is a graphical depiction of a user's interactions with the system.

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Class Diagram

Admin

-username: String
Borrower
-password: String

-name: String
+view_analytics()
-number: int
+scanner()
-itemscanned: String
+view_borrowers()
+view_items()
+receipt()
+edit_items()
+view_transactions()
+update_inventorylogs()

Items

-itembarcode: String
Printing
-itemname: String
-itemdescription:
-borrowerinfo:
String
String
-qty: int
-date: Date
-item: String
+ModifyItem()

+print()

Figure 13: Class Diagram

This provides the structure of a system by showing the system’s classes, their
attributes, operations (or methods), and the relationships among objects.

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 Sequence Diagram

SYSTEM
BORROWER APPLICATION RESULT
INTERFACE

Scan Barcode
Get Detail

Modify Item

Submit Item

Print Receipt

Figure 14: Sequence Diagram

Above illustration is a type of interaction diagram because it describes how—and in
what order—a group of objects works together.

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Activity Diagram

LOGIN

False

Login successful? True

ADMIN

PROCEED TO

SCANNER

BORROWERS

ITEM

TRANSACTION

INVENTORY LOGS

Figure 15: Activity Diagram

The diagram represents how the workflow and how objects interact with each other.

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Entity-Relationship Diagram

Figure 16: Entity Diagram

This a type of flowchart that illustrates how “entities” such as people, objects or
concepts relate to each other within a system.

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Data Dictionary
Data Description

An Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) is a visual

representation of how entities, or concepts, relate
to each other in a database or application. ERDs are
Entity-Relationship Diagram also known as entity relationship models. They are
often used by business analysts to understand
business domains, clarify terminology, and connect
business concepts to database structures.
These are the fundamental building blocks of an
ERD, representing real-world objects or concepts
you want to store data about. Examples include
Entities
"Customer" in a sales database or "Product" in an
inventory system. They are depicted as rectangles
in the diagram.
These are the specific characteristics that define an
entity. Each entity has a set of attributes that
capture its properties. For instance, a "Customer"
Attributes
entity might have attributes like "Customer ID,"
"Name," "Address," and "Email." Attributes are
shown as ovals within the entity rectangle.
A key uniquely identifies an entity instance within a
Key
table. There are different types of keys:

Each entity should ideally have a primary key, which

is a minimal set of attributes that uniquely identifies
Primary Key (PK) each entity instance. A table can only have one
primary key. It's often denoted as "PK" within the
ERD.
Alternate Key (AK) An alternate key is another set of one or more
attributes that can also uniquely identify an entity

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 instance. A table can have multiple alternate keys,
offering different ways to find specific data.
This is a key attribute within one table that
references the primary key of another table.
Foreign Key (FK)
Foreign keys establish relationships between tables,
ensuring data consistency.
This describes the association between two entities.
For example, an "Order" entity might have a
Relationship "placed by" relationship with a "Customer" entity.
Relationships are represented as diamonds
connecting entities in the diagram.
Cardinality defines the number of occurrences of
one entity in relation to another entity within a
relationship. There are various cardinalities like:
One-to-One (1:1): One instance of entity A relates
to one instance of entity B (e.g., a student can have
one ID card, and an ID card belongs to one student).
One-to-Many (1:N): One instance of entity A
relates to many instances of entity B (e.g., a
customer can place many orders, but an order
Cardinality
belongs to one customer).
Many-to-One (N:1): Many instances of entity A
relate to one instance of entity B (e.g., many
courses can be taught by one instructor, but an
instructor teaches multiple courses).
Many-to-Many (N:M): Many instances of entity A
relate to many instances of entity B (e.g., a student
can enroll in many courses, and a course can have
many students enrolled).

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Development
Software Specification
Table 4 below shows the specification of software and it’s uses.

Table 4. Software Specification

SOFTWARE USE

VS Code Encodes and debugs the web application

XXAMP Used as the main source of connection to the system

Google Chrome Views and checks the system if it functions properly or not

MySQL Serves as the local database for the web application

HTML Serves as the interface of the web application and used as a

language markup developer
CSS Enhances the web application by adding styles and color

JAVA Script Enhances user interface which provides user instructions

PHP Used as a web application tool. Writes dynamically-

generated pages that automatically connects to MySQL
Bootstrap Designs and develops a responsive web application

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Hardware Specification
Table 5 below shows the specification of software and it’s uses.

Table 5. Hardware Specification

HARDWARE SPECEFICATION

Barcode Scanner Small/Portable

Computer Set/Laptop Operating System at least Windows 10 and above

RAM at least 1 GB of Memory to 2 GB
HDD at least 250 GB
Processor at least i3
Printer Inkjet printing technology
Multifunctioning printer type

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