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Probabilityppt

Its on probability

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30 views12 pages

Probabilityppt

Its on probability

Uploaded by

prasadrajendra2001
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Probability and Some Examples

Dr. Anuradha Banerjee


Assistant Professor
Dept. of Computer Applications
Kalyani Govt. Engg. College
West Bengal
India
What is Probability?

Probability is the chance that a certain event


will occur.

P = (number of favorable cases) / (total


number of cases)
Example of a fair coin

Whats the probability of getting a head if a fair coin


is tossed once?

Ans : Two possible cases can be there head and tail.


Number of favorable case is 1. So, probability of
getting a head is (1/2).
Example of a fair die

Whats the probability of getting an even number if


a fair die is rolled once?

Ans : Six possible cases can be there (1, 2, 3, 4, 5,


6}. Number of favorable case is 3 {2, 4 and 6}.
So, probability of getting an even number is (3/6)
or (1/2).
Example of Two Coins

Whats the probability of getting two tails if two


coins are tossed simultaneously?

Ans : Four possible cases can be there {HH, HT,


TH, TT}. Number of favorable case is 1 {TT}.
So, probability of getting two tails is (1/4).
Example of Two Coins

Whats the probability of getting similar outcomes if


two coins are tossed?

Ans : Four possible cases can be there {HH, HT,


TH, TT}. Number of favorable case is 2 {HH or
TT}. So, probability of getting similar outcomes
is (2/4) or (1/2).
Some important terms in probability

 Random experiment
 Outcome
 Sample space
 Event
Types of Events

 Impossible event
 Sure event
 Simple or elementary event
 Compound event
 Complementary event
Mutually Exclusive And Exhaustive
Events

Consider the example of rolling a die. We have S = {1,


2, 3, 4, 5, 6} Let us define the three events as A = a
number which is a perfect square B = a prime
number C = a number which is greater than or equal
to 6 Now A = {1, 4}, B = {2, 3, 5}, C = {6} Note
that A ∪ B ∪ C = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} = S. Therefore,
A, B and C are exhaustive events. Also A ∩ B = B ∩
C = C ∩ A = φ Hence, the events are pairwise
disjoint and thus mutually exclusive.
Addition Rule of Probability

If A and B are any two events in a sample space S,


then the probability that at least one of the events
A or B will occur is given by
P (A ∪ B) = P (A) + P (B) – P (A ∩ B)
Addition Rule of Probability For
Mutually Exclusive Events

If A and B are any two mutually exclusive events in


a sample space S, then the probability that at least
one of the events A or B will occur is given by
P (A ∪ B) = P (A) + P (B)
Thank you

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