Types of functions
November 22, 2023
[1]: # Using all() with a list
numbers = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
# Check if all numbers in the list are odd
result = all(x % 2 != 0 for x in numbers)
print(result)
True
[2]: # Using any() with strings
words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
# Check if at least one word in the list starts with 'a'
result = any(word.startswith('a') for word in words)
print(result)
True
[3]: # str()
float_number = 3.14
string_float = str(float_number)
print(string_float)
3.14
[4]: # Using chr() to convert ASCII code to character
ascii_code = 65 # ASCII code for 'A'
character = chr(ascii_code)
print(character)
[9]: # Create a bytearray from a sequence of integers
byte_array = bytearray([65, 66, 67, 68]) # ASCII values for 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D'
# Display the initial bytearray
print("Initial bytearray:", byte_array)
# Modify an element in the bytearray
1
byte_array[1] = 70 # ASCII value for 'F'
# Display the modified bytearray
print("Modified bytearray:", byte_array)
Initial bytearray: bytearray(b'ABCD')
Modified bytearray: bytearray(b'AFCD')
[11]: # Callable()
def my_function():
print("Hello, callable!")
# Check if the object is callable
result = callable(my_function)
# Display the result
print("Is my_function callable?", result)
Is my_function callable? True
[12]: # classmethod()
class MyClass:
class_variable = "I am a class variable"
def __init__(self, instance_variable):
self.instance_variable = instance_variable
@classmethod
def class_method(cls):
print("This is a class method")
print("Accessing class variable:", cls.class_variable)
obj = MyClass("I am an instance variable")
MyClass.class_method()
obj.class_method()
This is a class method
Accessing class variable: I am a class variable
This is a class method
Accessing class variable: I am a class variable
[14]: # complex()
# Creating a complex number with real and imaginary parts
complex_num = complex(2, 3)
# Displaying the complex number
2
print("Complex Number:", complex_num)
# Accessing the real and imaginary parts
real_part = complex_num.real
imaginary_part = complex_num.imag
# Displaying the real and imaginary parts separately
print("Real Part:", real_part)
print("Imaginary Part:", imaginary_part)
Complex Number: (2+3j)
Real Part: 2.0
Imaginary Part: 3.0
[16]: # delattr()
class Car:
def __init__(self, make, model):
self.make = make
self.model = model
# Create an instance of the Car class
my_car = Car("Toyota", "Camry")
# Display attributes before deletion
print("Before Deletion - Make:", my_car.make)
print("Before Deletion - Model:", my_car.model)
# Delete the 'model' attribute using delattr()
delattr(my_car, 'model')
# Display attributes after deletion
# Accessing my_car.model would result in an AttributeError at this point
print("After Deletion - Make:", my_car.make)
# Attempting to access the deleted attribute would raise an AttributeError
# print("After Deletion - Model:", my_car.model) # Uncommenting this line␣
↪would result in an AttributeError
Before Deletion - Make: Toyota
Before Deletion - Model: Camry
After Deletion - Make: Toyota
[17]: # Using filter with a function
def is_even(x):
return x % 2 == 0
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
3
even_numbers = filter(is_even, numbers)
print("Original Numbers:", numbers)
print("Even Numbers:", list(even_numbers))
Original Numbers: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
Even Numbers: [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
[18]: # Creating a frozenset from a list
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
frozen_set1 = frozenset(my_list)
print(frozen_set1)
frozenset({1, 2, 3, 4, 5})
[19]: # Using memoryview with bytes
my_bytes = b"Hello, World!"
# Create a memory view object
mv = memoryview(my_bytes)
# Accessing the underlying buffer using slicing
print(mv[7]) # Output: 87 (ASCII code for 'W')
print(mv[0:5]) # Output: b'Hello'
87
<memory at 0x0000022A5BCB8280>
[20]: # property()
class Circle:
def __init__(self, radius):
self._radius = radius # Use a private attribute _radius
@property
def radius(self):
return self._radius
@property
def diameter(self):
return 2 * self._radius
@property
def area(self):
return 3.14 * self._radius ** 2
# Create an instance of Circle
my_circle = Circle(radius=5)
4
# Access properties
print("Radius:", my_circle.radius)
print("Diameter:", my_circle.diameter)
print("Area:", my_circle.area)
Radius: 5
Diameter: 10
Area: 78.5
[22]: # raw_input()
user_input = input("Enter something: ")
print("You entered:", user_input)
Enter something: python
You entered: python
[23]: # repr()
x = 42
representation = repr(x)
print("Original object:", x)
print("String representation:", representation)
Original object: 42
String representation: 42
[24]: # staticmethod()
class MathOperations:
@staticmethod
def add(x, y):
return x + y
@staticmethod
def multiply(x, y):
return x * y
# Calling static methods on the class
result_sum = MathOperations.add(5, 3)
result_product = MathOperations.multiply(4, 6)
print("Sum:", result_sum)
print("Product:", result_product)
Sum: 8
Product: 24
5
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