Page tio.

Date
EE BO| EM WAVES

Quathy Fachor. Cetre Erequency

Bandwtdth
Crcvlt 4theory doeLot tahe into aceOunt the
the dze.o Camponents
OSeL the componenb NOT NE CESSARY

frequencyIncomplete SPACE not încduded

Time av00 in condTderations

1005
(Power)delierad to the Yesistance

0i2NOT' Caried bythe current

AC proLlem CsSShae con carrs ardly ony energg
SWtching 0-frequeda Charmo)
GhCIRCOIT THEORYs INCOMPLETE

lRE Corry pewer foom one place to another

-V
retum pata
GiND
wire (CoaxialA
Cable

2 Conductor ystem to trancter

enery om ne hlale to
anbthe

LYey point O taker a nite

atime to travel.
fdeal
tcoactorn ohen this is VA the input fe no longes VA
’POTENTIAL DIFFERENE
 Page No.
Date

The votage the wire ic a replica a the Dhput se.

CUrrent alkoVolotesthe
Ctine signd)
Varies
(Ktrcho las
tr ìne t thavel fram one point to anothe n a wire

Cine bave

TRANSMIsCION LINE
Uhenthe sie a the dreut’0
we can apply Kircho la
resistance =0but po tential dliterence
cl existe
DOESNT AFFECT
DELAY
ohen Hreauency inckenet ominance o reacances
We Canttatk about the
ndbctance a the whole Thdu chance Capactance
as Kirehot lauw dotod+ hold. per unt y

Smatt

cegment
medim speath ts.
 Page No.
Dale

bath recistances put er-unit length of

togethen strvcture and not
I+dI
wire

V+dV

de ldI ’secon d
der

Using Kircho' laug : odV-L (R+ jwL) de

dI= (G+ Jwc)ax

KIRdHOFSdv Rt fwL)Ie dI - (Gtjuw)v

LAws dx dx

CRajL) d CRtjuL)
(R&jo) (6tjwc)v
d x
|CRtjuL) (htjw)I
Complex,
phosor quantity
T

Chorocterisit9
the Nhe
Conctante lo Hethancmigsiom line
oa (per urnit Jengt)
( :Complex na
d dx
same differential eqguatn)

Ve ebias (Ve
 dependent rter vel.L by
decded
aye
actoY dectdee
it orhen come Nel.s
yelb,
x
uoavelengh
nonecessory
that
B
leyt) nt (per
rodians
/m TL) the CosCorutaut Phose B
BXphaA)
eper Conetant
&Atenuaton
ge.ngLoverted
heat,
decaytng
Ctx).di Traveling
h
ponentiaty
Attenuahan) wtve
fyES TRAVELING ANDCCRRENTG
EXIST
A OS
voLTA
per) (ad
 Page No.
Date

TNo ConduCfe ceperath

Capchagta
ind. cL6 chaneeA
|L,C are nter- dependent Quanttes

t decaying wavepower diero6 2quare a VolItage.

&zl Nepers
91 m
4 Nepers/m 8.68 dBm

propcgaton Conotaxt
R,L,G,C dV =- (R4j WL) I NI are
dx phsor
uartities
tVe dia: Go1NG AwAY FROM THE GENERATGR
Înctantaneaue alue jot
multply agan bg e

V)-V
- xjuat
Cpace compsnect Time coponent
Foward the Fase qHae phaie
Bacabayd travelling
Oave
traveiin uave maving in&x) di with onctant
Noltagelcuntent aia euperposition oe toa appocite traveltng
Lexfsts ac a SiANDING WAVE
mayìn on the ine
eponentollg qreàng
cpamentiaiy decqing
 VoLTAGE CTNbINGWAVE
CNLYne
me genérats
Bath ovea die danNn n the d tyANAellg
ORIGIN?
COND-O

Coefficienth

VCRjw)E
VCTOake NOT INDEPENDENT

R+jwL
I GrtC I

charactenstic nho.dance

Zo’Secondary constante
R,L,G,Cpmany canstoartt
v Z

Vt V
Zo

COND N) impedaneat
locn
the alae a q
he lo

Tmpodance lbclke dkerant som cterent places.

totd gnerter doesnt s0e
R etf
Impedan ce i tro ed
hans mce}on lne.
Aoperdlg n tangl
 Then..

leselessTL

low lage Th, Con be appocximated to be lbcles (R4K LC

C u ) LocCLESS TL APPROXIMATION
V Zo
I
thequencg
yTe \rmpedne
to a reisTor
FWb
P shoutd CorNCrse
ttve powes

Nothy Comingox hai Contumed

back power, NOT abcorbed.
Qhotd be Carried by a FWD
Tals loc power hoo Jene ravedong aVe.
ZeR Fower can be concurne -Z),nggat ve
by the TL ngw vecatonce
UPPLY PoNER
oackod traveurg
PowER BACK wONePoW.
Ie auPplyg
 Page No.
Date

backuoard travellùnq wavebngìng pder back tb

to geneat
where ie
Zo Pntthe WE DO NOT
Now reconant reg, o
Q mech etrctue

ratio a back0ard waVe tofor wond wave how much

aupplied to taat poNe
belng Comunned.

Z:Tead Rockuod wave

raio, VRC = Ve

Ve
Zo
PoUNDARY lpal poiat)
CON DITIONS en
L4DTAMXO oad)
(CONPLEX)

(-ro)
distance auay rom generater : C-ve)
distance towonda tte enerator

’ZL- VCo) Zo
ILO)
ro: reitee coetgh
at loade
 )-1
LtZe
FNTE

E edber eri

Z=0
przigimogincny
0
Pnely imaginory

G-oNo REFLECTIEN
Fthe Ane termiataa
pesa

00n o t h e
Ooveanchd

Teach the teminGhn Z

Tecied back the taveling tave

IF NO REFLECToN I00 INPEDANE IS
MATCHED
The impe dance ceen by he traveltheg aNe k dat e
 Page No.
Date
(respect ve Z)
EWD travelly) ave Cncldent)alooys
Cincdent)losye e an hapednie l
Re on mpedance.Z)
FWD wowempedance. NO CLOSEO
BKWD 10Nepedance. Seen Zo PATH

are acumulating amebhere due to ttaa veny ahont

time wh a hiah frequency 0uce.
|ocaloteg uwclalk& stedeut
exople

harge isn't completing pata but

acumulate
at evey loc", thexe o a rate q chaqe a
charge and the acuhm