Mechanics of Deformable Bodies

Module 13

4.8 Relations among Load, Shear and Moment

Method of Area- change in shear between two points equals the area under the
loading diagram and change in moment between two points equals the area under the
shear diagram.

Change of Shear =V 2−V 1 =( Area) LOAD

Change of Moment=M 2−M 1=( Area) SHEAR

1. Compute the support reactions

2. Draw the shear-diagram (V-diagram) using the area under the loading diagram.
The V-diagram is always one degree higher than the loading diagram.
3. Draw the moment-diagram (M-diagram) using the area under the shear diagram.
The M-diagram is always one degree higher than the shear diagram.

Variation of the Degree of Slope

4.9 Illustrative Problems

Without writing shear and moment equations, sketch shear and moment diagrams
for the following beams, and compute the values at all change of loading points and the
values of maximum shear and maximum moment.
Problem 1)

Figure 4.9.1

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 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies
Module 13

Solution:
Compute the support reactions by static condition of equilibrium
Find for the reaction/support
Σ M D =0 ¿

BV ( 5 )−30 ( 6 )−50 ( 2 )=0

BV =56 kN

Σ M B=0 ¿

DV ( 5 )−50 ( 3 )+ 30 (1 )=0

DV =24 kN
Draw the shear diagram (V-diagram) using the area under the loading diagram. The V-
diagram is always one degree higher than the loading diagram.

Note:
 Downward load creates decreasing shear, whereas upward load creates
increasing shear
Draw the moment diagram (M-diagram) using the area under the shear diagram. The M-
diagram is always one degree higher than the shear diagram.

V −diag.

M −diag.

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 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies
Module 13

Areas under the shear diagram

A1= (−30 kN ) ( 1 m) =−30 kN . m

A2= ( 26 kN ) ( 3 m )=78 kN . m
A3 =(−24 kN )( 2 m )=−48 kN . m
Values of Moment
M A =0
M B =0−30=−30 kN . m
M C =−30+78=48 kN . m
M D =48−48=0
Notes:
 From shear diagram, negative area of shear means decreasing moment
and positive area of shear means increasing moment
 Point of zero shear may correspond to the point where maximum moment
occurs

Draw the elastic curve from the moment-diagram (M-diagram), such that positive moment
will produce concave upward curve, whereas, negative moment produces concave
downward curve of the beam.

Notes:
 The point of zero moment corresponds to the point of inflection

Therefore, maximum shear (V max =30 kN ) and maximum moment (M max =48 kN .m)

Problem 2)

Figure 4.9.2

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 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies
Module 13

Solution:

Compute the support reactions by static condition of equilibrium

Σ M C =0 ¿

AV ( 10 )−100 ( 7.5 ) +30(4)=0

AV =63 kN

Σ M A =0 ¿

C V (10 )−100 ( 2.5 )−30 (14 )=0

C V =67 kN

Draw the shear-diagram (V-diagram) using the area under the loading diagram. The V-
diagram is always one degree higher than the loading diagram.

A1
Load diagram

V −diag.

Area under the load diagram

(
A1= 20
kN
m )
( 5 m )=100 kN

Value of Shear at B
V B=63−100=−37 kN
Note:
 Downward load creates decreasing shear

Draw the moment-diagram (M-diagram) using the area under the loading diagram. The
M-diagram is always one degree higher than the loading diagram.

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 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies
Module 13

V −diag.

M −diag.

Areas under the shear diagram

1
A1= ( 63 )( 3.15 )=99.225 kN . m
2
1
A2= (−37 ) (1.85 )=−34.225 kN . m
2
A3 =(−37 ) ( 5 )=−185 kN .m
A 4=( 30 ) ( 4 )=120 kN .m

Values of Moment

M A =0
M B =0+99.225=99.225 kN . m
M C =99.225−34.225=−120 kN . m
M D =−120+120=0
Note:
 For the 20 curve in the moment diagram, use concave down for decreasing
shear and concave upward for increasing shear.

Draw the elastic curve from the moment-diagram (M-diagram), such that positive moment
will produce concave upward curve, whereas, negative moment produces concave
downward curve of the beam.

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 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies
Module 13

Notes:
 The point of zero moment corresponds to the point of inflection

Therefore, maximum shear (V max =63 kN ) and maximum moment (M max =120 kN . m)

Problem 3)

Figure 4.3.3

Solution:
Compute the support reactions by static condition of equilibrium
Σ F y =0 ¿ ↑

DV −180−200=0

DV =380 lb

Σ M D =0 ¿

M D −180 ( 6 ) −200 ( 2 )=0

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 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies
Module 13
M D =1480 lb. ft
Draw the shear-diagram (V-diagram) using the area under the loading diagram. The V-
diagram is always one degree higher than the loading diagram.

Area under the load diagram

A 1=
[ 1
2 ]
(60)(6) =180 kN

Note:
 In drawing the shear diagram. take the figure below as a guide for
triangular load with increasing or decreasing magnitude of load

Draw the moment-diagram (M-diagram) using the area under the shear diagram. The M-
diagram is always one degree higher than the shear diagram.

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 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies
Module 13

Areas under the shear diagram

1
A1= (−180 ) ( 6 )=−360 lb . ft
3
A2= (−180 ) ( 2 )=−360 lb. ft
A3 =(−380 ) ( 2 )=−760 lb. ft

Values of Moment

M A =0
M B =0−360=−360 lb . ft
M C =−360−360=−720lb . ft
M D =−720−760=−1480 ft .lb
Draw the elastic curve from the moment-diagram (M-diagram), such that positive moment
will produce concave upward curve, whereas, negative moment produces concave
downward curve of the beam.

Problem 4)

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 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies
Module 13

Figure 4.3.4
Solution:
Compute the support reactions by static condition of equilibrium
Find for the reaction/support
Σ M R =0¿
2

R1 ( 12 )−540 ( 6 ) +120 ( 3 ) =0

R1=240 lb

Σ M R =0 ¿
1

R2 ( 12 )−540 ( 6 ) −120 (15 )=0

R2=420 lb

Draw the shear and moment diagrams

Area from Load

Diagram
A1 1
A1= ( 120 )( 9 )
2
x1 A2 ¿ 540 lb
w O=105 lb/ft A2= ( 105 )( 4 )
R1=240
¿ 420 lb

Values of zero
240
shear
2
O
x 1=6 m
A1 120 0
O
x2
A5 A6 x 2=2.86 m
V (lb)
A4 Area from Shear
x1 A2
O Diagram
A3 1 2
A1= ( 240 ) (6 )
3
960 −300 0O ¿ 960 lb
O
3
O
A3 =(−300 ) ( 1 )
3
540 ¿−300 lb
O
1 1
240 A 4= (−300 )
O
2
2
M (lb . ft) O
( 2.86 )
−1201 ¿−428.57
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A5 = (−120 )
2
(1.14)
 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies
Module 13
−188.6

Point of Inflection

Finding for x 1

Similar Δ ’ s
y 120
=
x1 9
40
y= x
3 1

1
V AB=240− xy
2
1 40
0=240− (x 1)( x1 )
2 3
x 1=6 m
Another solution: By squared property of parabola
2 2
x1 9
=
240 540
x 1=6 m

Finding for x 2 (by similar Δ’s)

x2 4
=
300 420
x 2=2.86 m
Get value of the moment at B from the load diagram

ΣM =0 ¿ at x = 9ft
M B =240 ( 9 )−540 (3)

M B =540 lb . ft

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 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies
Module 13

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=45t5B_K-9BE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-FEVzI8oe8&t=757s

Do-it-Yourself
4.10 Practice Activity

Without writing shear and moment equations, sketch shear and moment
diagrams for the beam shown, and compute the values at all change of loading points
and the values of maximum shear and maximum moment.

Figure 4.10

Read the topic “STRESSES IN BEAMS” in preparation for the next module.

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 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies
Module 13

WORKSHEET No. 12

Name: _____________________________________ Course/Year: ___________

Instructor: __________________________________ Rating: ________________

Instruction: Answer the following:

Without writing shear and moment equations, sketch shear and moment
diagrams for the following beams, and compute the values at all change of loading points
and the values of maximum shear and maximum moment.

1.

2.

3.

4.

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 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies
Module 13

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

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 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies
Module 13
10.

Electronic references:
1. https://civilengineering.blog/2020/04/18/types-beam/
2. https://www.bartleby.com/solution-answer/chapter-9-problem-932p-mechanics-of-
materials-mindtap-course-list-9th-edition/9781337093347/a-i-meter-long-simply-
supported-copper-beam-e-117-gpa-carries-uniformly-distributed-load-q-the/
f7e30013-3c2b-11e9-8385-02ee952b546e
3. https://temple.manifoldapp.org/read/structural-analysis/section/5d69c8ec-ec05-
476a-9ddd-6228f190b8a9
4. https://mathalino.com/reviewer/mechanics-and-strength-of-materials/solution-to-
problem-403-shear-and-moment-diagrams
5. https://mathalino.com/tag/reviewer/moment-diagram-parts?page=2
6. https://www.linsgroup.com/MECHANICAL_DESIGN/Beam/beam_formula.htm
7. https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/draw-shear-
moment-diagrams-beam-trapezoidal-distributed-loading-acting-one-half-beam-
q27733527

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 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies
Module 13

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