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Collection Continued - Notes Lyst5117

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11 views8 pages

Collection Continued - Notes Lyst5117

Uploaded by

rakeshmishra5077
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Collections Contd…

We have seen several frameworks like ArrayList, LinkedList, ArrayDeque,


PriorityQueue, TreeSet, HashSet, LinkedHashSet let us see how to access
each one of these

ArrayList and LinkedList

It is clear from previous sessions that values in both these framework have
indexes, so indexes can be accessed using for loop. But let’s be sure about it
by actually seeing the output

Output:
Now let’s see for LinkedList

Output:

But that’s not the case with other frameworks as they don’t have indexes
assigned to the values stored in them. So let’s see how to access them

For each loop

The Java for-each loop or enhanced for loop is introduced since J2SE 5.0. It
provides an alternative approach to traverse the array or collection in Java. It
is mainly used to traverse the array or collection elements. The advantage of
the for-each loop is that it eliminates the possibility of bugs and makes the
code more readable. It is known as the for-each loop because it traverses each
element one by one.

The drawback of the enhanced for loop is that it cannot traverse the elements
in reverse order.

Here, you do not have the option to skip any element because it does not
work on an index basis. Moreover, you cannot traverse the odd or even
elements only.

But, it is recommended to use the Java for-each loop for traversing the
elements of array and collection because it makes the code readable.

Flowchart for foreach loop in java


Syntax:
for(data_type variable : array | collection)
{
//body of for-each loop
}
Note: foreach loop can we used for array as well as collections.

How does it work?

The Java for-each loop traverses the array or


collection until the last element. For each element, it
stores the element in the variable and executes the
body of the for-each loop.

Let’s now see for how many frameworks does this


loop works. We will take one example from each List, Queue, Set.

ArrayList from Lists


ArrayDeque from Queue

TreeSet from Set

Output:
Let us now see the next method to access the values.

Iterator

In Java, Iterator is an interface available in Collection framework in java.util


package. It is a Java Cursor used to iterate a collection of objects.

 It is used to traverse a collection object elements one by one.


 It is available since Java 1.2 Collection Framework.
 It is applicable for all Collection classes. So it is also known as Universal Java
Cursor.
 It supports both READ and REMOVE Operations.
 Compare to Enumeration interface, Iterator method names are simple and
easy to use.

Let us see one example and understand in better way


Output:

Iterator vs ListIterator:

1) Iterator is used for traversing List and Set both.

We can use ListIterator to traverse List only, we


cannot traverse Set using ListIterator.

2) We can traverse in only forward direction using Iterator.

Using ListIterator, we can traverse a List in both the directions (forward and
Backward).

3) We cannot obtain indexes while using Iterator

We can obtain indexes at any point of time while traversing a list using
ListIterator. The methods nextIndex() and previousIndex() are used for this
purpose.

4) We cannot add element to collection while traversing it using Iterator, it


throws ConcurrentModificationException when you try to do it.

We can add element at any point of time while traversing a list using
ListIterator.
5) We cannot replace the existing element value when using Iterator.

By using set(E e) method of ListIterator we can replace the last element


returned by next() or previous() methods.

6) Methods of Iterator:

 hasNext()
 next()
 remove()

Methods of ListIterator:

 add(E e)
 hasNext()
 hasPrevious()
 next()
 nextIndex()
 previous()
 previousIndex()
 remove()
 set(E e)

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