Spring 2021 Lecture 1 & 2
Uploaded by
Hesham chemecologySpring 2021 Lecture 1 & 2
Uploaded by
Hesham chemecologyMohamed Abbas El-Naggar, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor, Chemical Engineering
Department, Alexandria University
Outline
1
• Introduction
2
• Formulation
3
• Graphical Solution
4 • Simplex
• Transportation
5
6
• Assignment
7
• Excel Solver
Grading Policy
• Assignments 13.33%
• Mid-term exam 20%
• Final exam 66.67%
Text and Reference Books
• Hamdy A. Taha, • Fredrik S. Hillier,
“Operations "Introduction to
Research : An Operations
Introduction”, Eighth Research,"
Seventh
Edition, Prentice
Hall, 2007. Edition, McGraw-
Hill, 2001.
Course Content
Topic
Week
Lecture 1 Lecture 2
17th Oct. Introduction & Formulation Formulation Exercises
24th Oct. Compact Formulation Graphical Solution
31th Oct. Graphical Solution Exercises Simplex method
7th Nov. Simplex method Exercises The big-M method (M-
technique)
14th Nov. The Two phase method Exam formulas
12th Dec. Transportation Transportation Exercises
19th Dec. Assignment Model Assignment Model Exercises
26th Dec. Excel solver
9th Jan. Excel Exam
Course Objectives
Students will be aware of the following :
• Linear programming application in
operations management,
• Mathematical and graphical solutions,
• Industrial organization and management
duties.
INTRODUCTION
TO OPERATIONS
RESEARCH
Introduction
Many management decisions involve trying to
make the most effective use of limited
resources
• Machinery,
• labor,
• money,
• time, Operations
• warehouse
space, Research
• raw (O.R)
materials
•.
•.
•. . . etc
What is Operations Research
• OperationsResearch(OR) is the application
of scientific methods in solving problems
facing management and to help to taking
decisions.
• A rose by any other name…
➢Management Science
➢Systems Engineering
➢Industrial Engineering
➢Operations Management
➢Applied Mathematics
Origin of Operations Research
• In England during World War II
• In the end of the war, the ideas advanced in
military operations were adapted to
improve efficiency and productivity in the
civilian sector.
• Today, OR is a dominant decision making
tool.
O.R Basic Problems Classification
• Distribution Problems • Inventory
Management
➢ Transportation ➢ How much to
problem order?
➢ When to order?
➢ Assignment problem
• Waiting Lines
• Network Models
• Computer
➢ Minimum Distance
Simulation
➢ Max flow
• Game Theory
• Project Management
➢ Planning,
scheduling and
controlling projects
Optimization
is everywhere:
• Personal •Company choices
choices –Maximize value to
shareholders
–Best career –Determine optimal mix
choices, of products
–Best use of our –Minimize production
time costs
–Best strategies, –Maximize value of
–Best value for advertising
the dollar –Hire the best workers
LINEAR PROGRAMMING:
FORMULATION
Linear Programming (LP)
• Linear programming is a central topic in
Optimization
• LP is a very powerful tool in modeling
many real world problems and
applications
• “Linear” Programming refers to the model
with linear objective function and linear
constraints
O.R Solution Phases
• Definition of the problem
• Construction of the model(s)
• Solution of the model(s)
O.R Basic Formulation Terminology
• Decision Variable
• What does the model seek to determine? (mathematical
symbols representing levels of activity of an operation)
• Objective Function
• – A linear relationship reflecting the objective of an operation
• – Most frequent objective of business firms is to maximize
profit
• – Most frequent objective of individual operational units (such
as a production or packaging department) is to minimize cost
• Constraint
• What restrictions must be imposed on the variables to satisfy
the limitations of the modeled system? (represented by linear
Model Formulation
Model Formulation: The first step in solving
an LP model is building the mathematical
model according to the following steps:
1. Determine decision variables
2. Determine the objective function
3. Determine the constraints
Flair Furniture Company
◼ The Flair Furniture Company produces inexpensive
tables and chairs
◼ Processes are similar in that both require a certain
amount of hours of carpentry work and in the painting
and varnishing department
◼ Each table takes 4 hours of carpentry and 2 hours of
painting and varnishing
◼ Each chair requires 3 of carpentry and 1 hour of
painting and varnishing
◼ There are 240 hours of carpentry time available and 100
hours of painting and varnishing
◼ Each table yields a profit of $70 and each chair a profit
of $50
◼ The company wants to determine the best
combination of tables and chairs to produce
to reach the maximum profit
21
◼ The decision variables are
• T = number of tables to be produced per
week
• C = number of chairs to be produced per
week
◼ The objective is to
• Maximize profit
◼ The constraints are
1. The hours of carpentry time used cannot
exceed 240 hours per week
2. The hours of painting and varnishing
time used cannot exceed 100 hours per
week
◼ The LP objective function:
• Maximize profit = $70T + $50C
◼ Develop mathematical relationships
for the two constraints
◼ For carpentry, total time used is
• (4 hours per table)(Number of
tables produced)
• + (3 hours per chair)(Number of
chairs produced)
◼ We know that
• Carpentry time used ≤ Carpentry
time available 4T + 3C ≤ 240
(hours of carpentry time)
Holiday Meal Turkey Ranch
Production Quantity
A company makes two products (say, P and Q) using two
machines (say, A and B). Each unit of P that is produced
requires 50 minutes processing time on machine A and
30 minutes processing time on machine B. Each unit of
Q that is produced requires 24 minutes processing time
on machine A and 33 minutes processing time on
machine B. Machine A is going to be available for 40
hours and machine B is available for 35 hours. The
profit per unit of P is $25 and the profit per unit of Q is
$30. Company policy is to determine the production
quantity of each product in such a way as to maximize
the total profit given that the available resources should
not be exceeded
Paint Factory Production
QUESTIONS?
