Scribd
Upload
12 views

SQL Functions

Uploaded by

vamshikrishnat121
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
12 views

SQL Functions

Uploaded by

vamshikrishnat121
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

SQL functions are powerful tools that allow you to perform various operations on data within

your database. They can be categorized into different types: aggregate functions, scalar
functions, string functions, date functions, and others.

Here are some commonly used SQL functions:

Aggregate Functions

These functions perform a calculation on a set of values and return a single value.

 AVG(): Returns the average value.

sql
Copy code
SELECT AVG(column_name) FROM table_name;

 COUNT(): Returns the number of rows.

sql
Copy code
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table_name;

 MAX(): Returns the maximum value.

sql
Copy code
SELECT MAX(column_name) FROM table_name;

 MIN(): Returns the minimum value.

sql
Copy code
SELECT MIN(column_name) FROM table_name;

 SUM(): Returns the sum of values.

sql
Copy code
SELECT SUM(column_name) FROM table_name;

Scalar Functions

These functions operate on individual values and return a single value for each input value.

 UCASE() / UPPER(): Converts a string to uppercase.

sql
Copy code
SELECT UPPER(column_name) FROM table_name;

 LCASE() / LOWER(): Converts a string to lowercase.

sql
Copy code
SELECT LOWER(column_name) FROM table_name;

 ROUND(): Rounds a number to a specified number of decimal places.

sql
Copy code
SELECT ROUND(column_name, 2) FROM table_name;

 LEN() / LENGTH(): Returns the length of a string.

sql
Copy code
SELECT LENGTH(column_name) FROM table_name;

String Functions

These functions perform operations on string values.

 CONCAT(): Concatenates two or more strings.

sql
Copy code
SELECT CONCAT(string1, string2) FROM table_name;

 SUBSTRING() / SUBSTR(): Extracts a substring from a string.

sql
Copy code
SELECT SUBSTRING(column_name, start, length) FROM table_name;

 TRIM(): Removes leading and trailing spaces from a string.

sql
Copy code
SELECT TRIM(column_name) FROM table_name;

 REPLACE(): Replaces all occurrences of a specified string with another string.

sql
Copy code
SELECT REPLACE(column_name, 'old_string', 'new_string') FROM
table_name;

Date Functions

These functions perform operations on date values.

 NOW(): Returns the current date and time.

sql
Copy code
SELECT NOW();
 CURDATE(): Returns the current date.

sql
Copy code
SELECT CURDATE();

 CURTIME(): Returns the current time.

sql
Copy code
SELECT CURTIME();

 DATE_ADD(): Adds a specified time interval to a date.

sql
Copy code
SELECT DATE_ADD(date_column, INTERVAL 10 DAY) FROM table_name;

 DATEDIFF(): Returns the difference between two dates.

sql
Copy code
SELECT DATEDIFF(date1, date2) FROM table_name;

Other Useful Functions

 COALESCE(): Returns the first non-null value in a list.

sql
Copy code
SELECT COALESCE(column1, column2, 'default_value') FROM table_name;

 IFNULL(): Returns a specified value if the column value is NULL.

sql
Copy code
SELECT IFNULL(column_name, 'default_value') FROM table_name;

These functions can be used in various combinations to perform complex queries and data
manipulations within your SQL database.

4o

You might also like