Keys

3 C: ‘from memory’ means the same as ‘by heart’, i.e. without

Test 1 needing to read the music.
4 A: The crowd will be ‘attracted’ to the area. The sound of the piano
cannot ‘invite’ or ‘welcome’ them.
Reading and Use of English 5 B: The meaning of ‘quiet thoughtful moment’ is ‘time to reflect’.

Part 1 6 A: This is the grammatical phrase ‘get somebody doing something’.

7 B: This is a fixed phrase. None of the others fit with these
Training prepositions.
1 1 from 2 to 3 in 4 for 5 to 6 of 7 on 8 with 8 C: Only one of these has the right meaning here of ‘in different
9 from 10 to circumstances’.
2 1 Why don’t you apply to for the job? 2 I don’t believe of in telling
lies, even to be kind. 3 The match resulted with in a draw. Part 2
4 Mary dealt from with the problem really well. 5 What can you Training
contribute for to the discussion?
1 1 –; the; a; – 2 an; a; –; The; a 3 The; the; the 4 this; a; these
3 5 the; a; –; the; the 6 This; an; a; the; –
verbs followed by nouns verbs followed by infinitive 2 1 lot 2 few 3 the 4 more 5 Every 6 many 7 most 8a
with to 9 none 10 any 11 lots 12 no 13 one 14 a 15 an
16 Both 17 some 18 a 19 an
assist manage
3 1 who / that 2 which / that 3 who(m) 4 where 5 who
support agree
6 which 7 whose 8 which
accept pretend
4 1 Let me introduce you to Barbara, her whose mother you know
imagine struggle quite well.
achieve 2 
The train, that which was five hours late, finally arrived at its
appreciate destination.
4 1D 2B 3D 4A 5C 6C 7A 8B 3 correct
5 4 
My cousin, that who lives in America, is coming to visit me
next month.
make take put hold keep have 5 correct
use of into account pressure your an eye responsibility 6 
I went back to the café which where I thought I’d left my
your responsibility on breath on a word umbrella.
way a risk an end someone the 7 
Rita was the colleague which who/that helped me the most when
the most advantage of to waiting opportunity I started here.
of pressure 8 
There aren’t many people that/who have worked here as long as
an interest on I have.
charge/control
5 at least; at all costs; at risk; at first sight
the on behalf of; on balance; on average; on condition that
opportunity for the sake of; for real
something in any case; in doubt; in a way; in view of; in theory; in due course;
seriously in the first place; in need of; in conclusion
with respect to
6 1 to hold her breath 2 to take into account 3 made their way by heart; by far
4 take anything seriously 5 kept waiting 6 have a word
7 putting pressure on 8 keep an eye on 6 1 in due course 2 for the sake of 3 in need of 4 by heart
5 at least 6 with respect to 7 for real 8 on behalf of
7 1D 2B 3C 4A 5D 6B 7B 8A
7 1d 2e 3g 4a 5c 6f 7h 8b
8 1 fault 2 raise 3 valuable 4 definitely 5 support 6 rise
7 error 8 valued 9 assist 10 absolutely 8 1 Despite 2 as 3 Not 4 Nevertheless 5 no 6 top 7 long
8 not
9 1f 2h 3e 4b 5c 6d 7g 8a
10 1 takes after 2 catch up with 3 fell through 4 get away with
Exam practice
5 came across 6 lived up to 7 give away 8 sort out 1 A
Exam practice 2 9 for: a person can be ‘famous for (doing / having done) something’.
1 D: ‘Typically’ means that train stations and airports are the most 10 came: a three-part phrasal verb frequently used with ‘idea’.
common places to put pianos. 11 of: ‘over the course of’ means ‘for the duration of’ or
2 A: ‘In theory … but …’ is a common expression. The pianos may be ‘throughout’.
played by anybody but in fact it’s capable pianists who tend to use them. 12 one: The ‘it’ rules out answers like ‘some’, ‘many’, etc.

212 Keys
 13 him: The grammar of the verb is ‘provide somebody with Part 4
something’.
14 in: A very common linking phrase.
Training
1 1 play tennis as well as 2 deal less than 3 the most boring film
15 been: The full infinitive is ‘be able to’ and the meaning is
4 speak as confidently
‘managed to’.
2 1 to take 2 to catch 3 walking 4 missing 5 to give 6 to get
16 as: It’s important to know the ‘as … as’ grammatical structure,
and it’s also very common with ‘long’, ‘well’. 3 1a 2b 3b 4a 5b 6a

Part 3 4 1 agreed 2 admitted 3 persuaded 4 denied 5 demanded

6 refused 7 advised
Training 5 1 wishes he lived in a 2 knew his number I would/I’d
1 2 noun 3 adjective 4 adverb 5 adjective 6 adjective 7 adverb 3 wishes she had enough 4 time 5 find the recipe I’ll
2 1 noun; impression 2 adjective; impressed 3 verb; impresses Exam practice
4 noun; impressions 5 adverb; impressively
6 adjective; unimpressive 25 can’t / cannot come out until: only when means ‘not … until’, and
the negative is formed with can’t.
3
26 apologised for making / having made: The grammar of the verb is
noun(s) creation addition mystery enjoyment apologise (to somebody) for doing / having done something. Note
creativity that upset is a verb in the first sentence and an adjective in the
second.
verb(s) create add mystify enjoy
27 be too busy: In this instance, too means ‘not enough’ and that idea
adjective(s) creative added mysterious enjoyable is present in the first sentence.
additional
28 made the/a decision not: With decide you can have: decide (not) to
adverb(s) creatively additionally mysteriously enjoyably do something, or decide against doing something.
29 been sent a number: several is the same as a number of NOT
noun(s) appearance care energy
‘lots of’.
apparition carelessness
30 had more experience: You can say was more experienced or had
verb(s) appear care energise
more experience.
adjective(s) apparent careful energetic
careless Part 5
caring Training
adverb(s) apparently carefully energetically 1b she tried to ignore the thoughts that had been bothering her for
carelessly the last few weeks: Was this place really for her? Should she have
caringly picked somewhere less grand? Her friends had all assured her she’d
have a fabulous time there, but how could they possibly know?
4 1 mysterious 2 careless 3 creatively 4 apparent 1c D
5 additions 6 enjoyable 1d 1 B 2 C 3 A
5 1 beautifully 2 advertisements 3 similarities 4 convincing 2a ending
5 accidentally
2b Key: C
6 1 disorganised 2 misunderstanding 3 impatience A is wrong because too many indicates a problem. There were a lot
4 unrecognisable 5 irresponsible of students there, and most of the seats were already taken when
Exam practice Nora arrived.
B is wrong because the other students didn’t know Nora was going
17 courageous: This adjective fits with heroic. to be there.
18 jewellery/jewelry: Note the spelling change required if you write D is wrong because the other students were happy and talking, but
the British English version. jewels would not be correct, because of not about Nora.
the words items of. You can say pots and jewels but you have to say
pots and items of jewellery. Exam practice
19 fearless: There are two possible adjectives: fearless means 31 A: Tom wonders why such a strange-looking sport should have a
‘without fear’, and fearful means ‘frightened’, which doesn’t regular place in the sporting calendar and be watched worldwide
apply to the Amazons! with such huge interest. B is tempting because of ‘Everyone picks
a side’ but B means that the public have strong opinions that it is
20 birth: at birth means ‘when they were born’. either a good thing or a bad thing.
21 truth: This is the noun form of true. It’s uncountable, so it goes 32 D: As a boy, Tom thought the crews should simply go faster, but
with some. we can infer from this that he was just too young to understand that
22 neighbo(u)ring: There are two adjectives from neighbour – the this would be impossible to do. Tom didn’t at the time have any
other (neighbourly/neighborly) applies to people and means ‘being thought of being in the race himself, nor was he playing a game
helpful and friendly’. imagining to be a coach.
23 evidence: The only other word you could form from this word would 33 B: The whole paragraph is about this, but the words ‘the alarm
be evidently, which is clearly not the correct part of speech here. always tested my resolve’ gives the answer in particular. C is
tempting but Tom does not actually say this – he doesn’t comment
24 unusually: This one needs both a prefix and suffix change. The
on the nature of what he’s eating.
sense of this refers back to their tallness in the first paragraph.

Keys 213
34 A: This comes from heavily-favoured Oxford crew. The 48 A: This is Lord Reith writing criticisms in his diary. It’s not C – the
Cambridge crew seem well prepared but there’s no comment from programme Gander is critical of is one he hasn’t yet seen but has
Tom about this being perfect. The injury was only to their best read a preview of.
rower. 49 C: This is the beginning of C and Gander’s complaint in a
35 C: The Cambridge crew were already upset by the injury, and then newspaper about the broken window programme.
the weather conditions seem to demoralise them further. Oxford 50 D: This is from the announcers could not … .
started fast and then kicked again later. The river conditions did not
suddenly change. 51 D: This is from the first two lines of D.
36 D: This is clearly stated in Head to head … Them or us … This is 52 A: This is in the words of the singer Adele Dixon.
why it matters Tom seems to like the psychological challenge but
doesn’t describe it as complex.
Writing
Part 6 Part 1 (essay)
Training Training
1 1 Nevertheless; them 2 Others; here 3 As a result; his
4 This was because 5 the latter 1 1 I would argue that; It seems to me that 2 whereas; It could
be argued that 3 On the one hand; For example; rather than;
2 1f 2a 3i 4c 5h 6e 7g 8b 9d Additionally 4 despite; In my opinion 5 In my view; On the
other hand; In conclusion
Exam practice
2 Whether or not you think the internet has changed our lives including
1 1 It’s an introduction to a book, and it’s about the approach the
something about the benefits of the internet and how it has affected
writer has taken in the book when writing about his research into
personal relationships. You also have to write about an idea of your own.
polar bears.
3 Students’ own ideas
2 Suggested answers
4 1d 2c 3e 4a 5b
1 the polar bear symbolising the Arctic
5 I agree; On the one hand; it could be argued that; Additionally;
2 the Arctic being the polar bear’s natural home
It seems to me that; In my view; I would argue that; rather than;
3 the polar bear and the ocean In my opinion; In conclusion
4 the background to the writer’s research 6 1 Studying abroad to learn English 2 how you can learn English
5 
the polar bear as an important part of the polar marine abroad; where you can stay while you’re doing it, and an idea of
ecosystem your own
6 how the polar bear conserves energy 7 Students’ own ideas
7 the polar bear as a unique individual 8 1 Yes, each paragraph has a different purpose 2 I think; I would
argue that; despite; In my opinion; I seems to me; To conclude
2 37 G: In G, it is simply where it belongs links backwards to the main 3 Paragraph 2 4 Paragraph 3 5 Paragraph 4 (importance of
idea of the first paragraph. After 37, G links forwards to the idea of experiencing culture) 6 Paragraph 5
home for a polar bear.
38 A: links backwards to the idea of marine mammal and forwards Exam practice (essay)
to the idea of confusion between the animal’s status in different 1 1 your English teacher 2 giving opinions and reasons; you can also
North American countries. include examples of your own experience from your childhood
39 E: This sentence is the only one that says what the writer is trying 3 You could add something about your own childhood or experience.
to do in his book as a whole. Alternatively, you could mention the importance of a healthy lifestyle.
40 F: There is a clear link between other species in F and the arctic Or you could say how time outdoors helps people become interested
seal after the gap. in sports, which is good for health and developing relationships.
41 D: The idea of next meal in D, fits backwards with obtaining 2
energy and forwards with success as predators. Sample answer
42 C: The idea of inquisitive in C links very strongly forwards to the Childhood for many people was a time of adventure. They spent
polar bear behaviour described. a lot of time out in the fresh air, running around, climbing trees
and playing games. But it’s known that these days, children don’t
Part 7 spend as much time outside, and some people are concerned that
Training this is becoming a problem.
1 1c 2e 3d 4a 5b It’s true that when children are outside, they do lots of physical
activity like sports, and this is good for their health. It helps their
2 1 determined 2 convinced 3 ashamed 4 disappointed
muscles get stronger, and it can also help them make friends. On
5 delighted 6 astonished 7 relieved 8 amused
the other hand, children often fall and hurt themselves. It’s also
Exam practice true that the ‘fresh air’ probably isn’t very fresh at all because of
43 C: This is at the end of c: He did concede later … . traffic pollution.
Personally, I don’t think that schoolteachers and parents should
44 B: This is Baird’s quote about people not going to places of
be too worried if children are spending more time indoors. Many
entertainment.
children and teenagers spend a lot of time looking at screens, but
45 A: The first broadcast … No recording exists … this has a lot of benefits. It’s also wrong to assume that time spent
46 E: This is in the last sentence of E. outdoors is healthy and that time spent indoors is unhealthy. Over
time, lifestyles change, and we need to accept that this is true.
47 B: This is the reference to the BBC trialling a new TV service.

214 Keys
 Notes
But does that mean that everyone should be taught music?
• A successful answer which fully addresses the question No, not necessarily. I think everyone should have the choice.
• Both content points and the writer’s own idea (changing Learning music involves a lot of time. Plus, paying for lessons
lifestyles) are discussed and buying an instrument can be expensive, and for some people,
• Clearly doesn’t agree with the statement, and gives reasons for that can be a waste of money.
this view For me, music is a passion, and I’m glad that I can play an
• Uses a range of phrases to begin sentences: ‘But it’s known that’; instrument, as it helps me appreciate when I hear other people
‘On the other hand’; ‘It’s true that’; ‘Over time,’ play music. But other people aren’t musical, and I don’t believe
• No grammar mistakes; verbs formed correctly (although almost that music should be imposed on them.
all verbs are in the present simple tense)
• Some repetition: ‘true’ is used three times Notes
Part 2 (article) • A clear answer
• All questions answered (though not in the same order)
Training • The writer addresses the question from their own perspective;
1 angry – furious   big – enormous   hot – boiling   also talks about music education generally
interested – fascinated   good – awful   • The writer’s main point (‘I don’t believe that music should be
frightened – terrified   cold – freezing   small – tiny imposed’) is well expressed
happy – delighted   bad – fantastic • More varied sentence structures would be better: the first three
2 1 awful 2 enormous 3 fantastic 4 delighted 5 tiny sentences all start with ‘I
6 freezing 7 boiling 8 fascinated 9 terrified 10 furious • Some appropriate vocabulary related to music: ‘band member’;
3 1d 2b 3a 4c ‘perform’; ‘rehearse’.
4 and 5 1 a: mean a lot, stay in touch, feeling down Part 2 (review)
2 a: use of rhetorical questions, giving examples, exclamation
marks.
Training
3 b: exclamation marks – even if we can’t sing in tune!; luckily for 1 General: I found/felt that …; I have used it for …; In my opinion …;
me they all feel the same way! One thing to consider is …
rhetorical questions – Have you ever wondered …?; How many Negative: I felt let down by …; On the downside, this device …;
friends have you met …? I was disappointed by …; Unfortunately, one of the minuses is …
6 1 Homes of the future; 2 Describe in what ways homes will be Positive: One of the positive features of this device is …; I was
different and what ways they will be the same. extremely impressed by …; The big advantage of this device is …;
7 1 Science fiction or reality? 2 Devices control the house I’m really delighted by …
3 The same as usual 2 1 One thing to consider is the battery life of the mobile phone.
8 1 Fine: 189 words (with headings) 2 In my opinion, there are lots of similar mobile phones on the
2 Yes, three paragraphs. The first paragraph introduces and market at the moment.
contextualises the exam question; paragraph 2 provides advantages; 3 I’m really delighted by the special filters included on the camera.
paragraph 3 explains that the writer doesn’t think things will change 4 One of its positive features is that it’s very light.
3 Yes, it has an informal tone similar to a magazine article. 5 I felt let down by / I was disappointed by the headphones; they
4 Yes, paragraph 2 describes the differences in the future and were very uncomfortable.
paragraph 3 describes what will be same. 6 Unfortunately, one of the minuses is its short battery life.
5 Rhetorical questions: Science fiction or reality?; Will robots take 3 1 The writer has organised them into clear paragraphs and used
over?; Will we build houses using different materials? Informal headings for each paragraph. 2 The writer used an asterisk (*)
language: click of your fingers; super-clean to indicate these. 3 five paragraphs. 4 Yes, they mention a
Exam practice recent gadget, give information about the features and make a
recommendation. 5 The writer has included some useful language
1 1 to interest the people who have requested articles for the website, to include in the review.
and to make them want to publish your article there 2 three
3 There are many ways to make your answer interesting. For 4 Students’ own answers
example, you could express a strong opinion (either in favour of or 5 1 visited, a new restaurant, your areas, your opinion, describe, food,
against learning music) throughout your article. You could begin staff, recommend to other people 2 eating at a restaurant
with an anecdote, or with a question for the reader. 3 describe the food, staff, prices 4 a recommendation
2 6 No, the writer felt that the service and food was very poor.
Sample answer
Music in education 7 1 I was given excuses ranging from being too busy, or running out
of food. I had to wait for an hour for my burger. When it did arrive,
I’m a huge fan of music, and always have been. I’m in a band
the burger was too well done and the chips were cold. I complained
(I play the guitar), and for a time I was also in my college to the waiter but he said nothing. 2 restaurant: modern, large
orchestra (I used to play the flute too, and we rehearsed every (windows), relaxed; menu: extensive, reasonably priced; food:
day). I’ve benefitted a lot from being musical – performing at awful, overcooked, cold. 3 Contrast links: although, but; Other
concerts has helped me to be more confident. Music has always linking expressions: Also, as well as, overall, as 4 I was impressed
been an important part of my social life, as my band members are by …, On the downside …, I felt that …,
also my closest friends.

Keys 215
Exam practice (review) 2 1 I am writing in response to the job vacancy advertised in the local
newspaper. 2 I would be grateful if you could explain where you
1 1 This is up to you. Many reviews contain both positive and plan to build the new car park? 3 It was advisable to postpone
negative comments. 2 The review needs to be well planned and the plans until next year. 4 You should consider about the impact
well written. It doesn’t matter what film you have written about, or on the environment. 5 I would like to put forward our new
whether anyone has seen or heard of the film. You can make up the initiative. 6 It would be advisable to remember the local residents
film if you wish! in your plans.
2 3 1 scholarships are being offered to overseas students
Sample answer
2 fees, accommodation and food 3 write an email explaining why
I recently watched Kenneth Branagh’s film version of
they should get a scholarship
Shakespeare’s great tragedy Hamlet. Many of the central
characters are related to Hamlet, such as his mother the queen, 4 Yes 2 In the first paragraph 3 No, so he uses Dear Sir/Madam
his stepfather Claudius, and his father, the old king Hamlet. 4 Yes 5 Yes 6 Dear Sir/Madam; Yours faithfully 7 Yes
8 I am writing in response to; I would be grateful; consider
The film is beautifully shot and brilliantly acted. It is very
faithful to Shakespeare’s original text, meaning that it is four Exam practice (email)
hours long, which may be excessive for some people. 1 1 to ask for your help with a college research project about parks
It’s probably fair to say that most families are loving groups 2 Your email will just focus on parks in your country. 3 a) What
of people, who support each other. Tragically, Hamlet’s family problems do parks face in your country? b) What can be done to
is different. Hamlet suspects that his father was murdered by improve and maintain them? c) Who should be responsible for
Claudius. This suspicion drives Hamlet wild, as he is torn this work?
between his love for his mother and hatred of his stepfather. 2
I don’t want to reveal what happens in the end, but the film Sample answer
is certainly worth watching. After seeing Hamlet, it made me Hi Steve,
realise how lucky I am to have the family that I have! Poor What a surprise to hear from you after all this time! It sounds as
Hamlet wasn’t so fortunate. though you’re busy with your course, and of course I’m glad to
answer your questions.
Notes Basically, the parks in my country are in poor condition on the
whole. New plants and trees are rarely planted, and the grass isn’t
• A successful answer, with some advanced vocabulary used well: cut very often. It’s such a shame, because most parks are used
‘central character’; ‘faithful to’; ‘excessive’; ‘torn’ quite a lot, especially by families at weekends, and people play a
• Appropriate focus on Hamlet’s family in the answer lot of football there.
• Good balance between summarising the story and explaining the According to the law (as far as I know), the government owns the
role of the family members
parks and is responsible for the maintenance. But the thing is that
• Gives a personal reaction to the film there isn’t really enough money to pay for all the schools, roads
• No title – although it’s not compulsory, a well-chosen title would and hospitals, as well as keeping the parks in good condition.
have been a good idea
What I’d like to see is community action, and people offering to
• Correct length
clear up the parks in their own time, plant trees and that sort of
• Sensible division into four paragraphs thing. Oh well, maybe one day!
• No errors of grammar, vocabulary, spelling or punctuation
Anyway, good luck with your research, and stay in touch.
Part 2 (email) Say ‘hi’ to your family from me.
Training All the best,
Diana
1 I couldn’t believe it! I
I could not believe it. F
I would be grateful if you could explain … F Notes
I want to tell you … I • A friendly email, with appropriate opening and closing; the first
I would like to put forward … F and last paragraphs are basically ‘chat’ with Steve
I’m writing about … I • All the information Steve has asked for has been provided
It would be advisable to … F • Paragraphs are used appropriately
Can you tell me about …? I • No language errors
to think about I • Correct length
to consider … F • Some good vocabulary is included: ‘trees are rarely planted’,
Hi David! I ‘grass isn’t cut, ‘responsible for the maintenance’.
Dear Mr Simpson F
Please try to … I Listening
Approx.: I Part 1
approximately F
It’s a good idea … I Training
It was advisable to F 1a 1 A conversation 2 Two friends 3 They are talking about a
I am writing in response to … F nature walk they both went on.
1b C

216 Keys
2 The underlined section matches the key – C. They were both Exam practice
impressed by the rare birds they saw.
24 C 25 B 26 A 27 A 28 B 29 A 30 C
A isn’t correct. The man says he thought they would see a few other
interesting animals and birds, but the woman points out that the bad
weather didn’t help. For example, she … wasn’t really expecting to
see any butterflies, for that reason.
Speaking
B isn’t correct because, although the man is tired after the walk, the Part 1
woman says the guide did warn us it’d be seven or eight kilometres. Training
3 B The man thinks the later opening times aren’t helpful to him, as 1 To add extra information: and, as well, too
he’s playing football when the store is open later.
To give a reason: because, the reason for this is
4 A They both like the fashions. The woman says that the range To give an example: for example, for instance, like, such as
they had was cool, all the latest stuff, and the man says there were To give your opinion: I think, I would say that
definitely clothes I wanted.
To ask the examiner to repeat: Could you repeat that, please? Sorry,
C They both agree about the staff. The woman says they were keen can you say that again?
to help, and the man says the girl serving tried to find things in
my size. 2 1 also 2 because, For 3 such, too 4 would 5 think 6 reason

Exam practice 3 Ana asks examiner to repeat: In what ways do you think you will
use English in the future?
1C 2B 3A 4C 5C 6A 7A 8B
Part 2
Part 2
Training
Training
1 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10
1 a noun
2 2 Well, both photos show people doing exercise.
3 horse – The cue for the answer is the one (painting) I was really
keen to find. The distractors are rainbow and castle. 3 In the first photo, the people are doing an exercise class, while in
the second photo a group of people are playing basketball together.
5 entertaining 5 The people in the gym don’t seem to know each other, because
6 The cue was and in fact the whole thing turned out to be and the they aren’t talking to each other. On the other hand, I think the
distractors were dull, detailed and uninteresting. people playing basketball are probably friends, because it looks
like an informal game.
Exam practice 6 The exercise class looks quite serious, whereas the basketball
9 cousin 10 neighbour/neighbor 11 deserted 12 water (bottle) game looks very relaxed. … Another difference is that the
13 (beautiful) mountains 14 canoe 15 parrots 16 (strong) wind(s) basketball is outside, which I think makes it more fun.
17 (swollen) ankles 18 empty 8 The people in the gym don’t look as happy as the people playing
basketball. They aren’t smiling, and the woman on the right looks
Part 3 a bit bored. I think the people playing basketball are probably
Training enjoying themselves more.
9 I think people go to exercise classes because they want to get fit,
1 1 Starlight tends to go for giving you money off the big fashion
and maybe it fits in with their busy lives. I think the people in the
shows and things like that, 2 The distractors are B, D and F. 3
second photo do this because it’s an enjoyable way to meet their
G The distractors are: A – things like word games, C – looking at the friends and have fun.
adverts is a good way to relax, and H – local events they’ve been to,
10 I’d rather do exercise in a fun way, like this, because I think just
although they’re not what attracts me to this mag (G)
doing exercise in a gym is a bit boring.
Exam practice 3 1 Both 2 other 3 whereas 4 as 5 more 6 difference
19 F 20 B 21 G 22 A 23 C 4 1 rather 2 enjoy 3 prefer 4 more 5 not
Part 4 5 2, 3, 4

Training 6 1c 2 b, f 3 d, g, h 4 a, e

2 B – Alice says that she was really glad when she started operating 7 Students’ own answers
on the internet, which has just been so much better than running her 8 b
shop, as she’s saved time and money. 9 Students’ own answers
A – isn’t correct – she used to chat to customers, but she doesn’t say
she misses it. 10 Students’ own answers
C – She may be proud of the service, but it isn’t unique – she says Part 3
that other florists will do the same thing.
3 A – Alice says she has to be extremely sympathetic to my customers’
Training
needs. 1 1 The topic is improving a town for teenagers. 2 You should
B is wrong because although she has to be creative, she says that discuss all the ideas. 3 No, you shouldn’t try to reach agreement
customers do understand and appreciate that. until the examiner asks you to.
C is wrong because it’s not the job that is stressful for Alice. She’s 2 1c 2a 3d 4b
trying to make her customers’ situations less stressful, by trying to 3 1 sounds 2 see 3 idea 4 right 5 think 6 true 7 agree
take some of the pressure off. 8 completely
4 They agree that a sports centre would bring the most benefit.

Keys 217
Part 4 9 Correct
10 Lucy’s doing a college project on the history of film.
Training
2 1 are 2 had 3 have 4 is / was 5 been 6 was
1 1T 2T 3F 4F
3 1 enough 2 than 3 whichever 4 through 5 Whose 6 whether
2 1B 2B 3H 4H
4 1 in time 2 As soon as / Once 3 until 4 yet
3 1 say 2 think 3 opinion 4 view 5 opinion 6 think
5 In the meantime 6 already 7 By the time 8 since
7 views 8 feel
5 1 By the time 2 already 3 in the meantime 4 until 5 since
4 1b 2e 3a 4c 5d
6 As soon as 7 once 8 yet
5 Students’ own answers
Exam practice
1 C
Test 2 2 9 of: the truth of the matter is a very common and useful phrase.
10 being: being here is a gerund – a word ending in -ing that is made
from a verb and used like a noun.
Reading and Use of English 11 this / that: this category refers back to people who can write
equally well with either hand.
Part 1 12 comes: as with many fixed phrases, there is only one possible
answer.
Training 13 an: Grammatically, this clause requires an article.
1 1 arose 2 occurs 3 happened 4 appearing 5 risk 6 danger 14 to: You train somebody to do something, for example a coach
7 uncertainty 8 threats 9 guide 10 control 11 directed trains a runner to become faster.
12 conducted 13 idea 14 attitude 15 view 16 Opinions 15 same: Another very useful fixed phrase: the same can be said of
2 1 drew 2 bear 3 delivered 4 crossed 5 raised 6 play 16 less: The context should rule out more – so this gap shows you
7 Leave 8 put the importance of reading the text carefully.
3 1D 2B 3B 4D 5A 6C 7A 8B Part 3
Exam practice Training
1 D: This is a very useful fixed phrase to remember: an extremely 1 1 -y, bravery 2 -ible, visible 3 -ship, relationship
popular destination for/with + a group of people. 4 -or, operator 5 -ism, criticism 6 -ish, foolish 7 -er, supplier
2 C: This is a collocation, but the meaning might also help you a little: 8 -ist, motorist
‘closely guarded’ suggests you keep a secret close to yourself. 2 1 foolish 2 operator(s) 3 relationship 4 bravery
3 A: The grammar of the verb is praise something for (its) + some 5 motorists 6 invisible 7 suppliers 8 criticism(s)
quality it has (or praise somebody for (doing) something). 3
4 B: This is the right word in the situation – it is one of the many uses
of achieve. adjective noun verb adverb
5 D: cater for + (the tastes of) is a common expression. free freedom free freely
6 C: This is a useful collocation – something has a (very/highly) hot heat heat hotly
distinct flavour. strong strength strengthen strongly
7 D: You can say: The café is hard to reach / find or The café is hard to wide width widen widely
get to.
long length lengthen
8 A: A very useful fixed phrase, but the meaning might also help you anxious anxiety anxiously
a little – if it’s hard to get to, it suggests visitors have had to put in
some effort to do so. deep depth deepen deeply

Part 2 4 1 strength 2 anxiety 3 widened 4 freely 5 depth

6 heating 7 lengthen
Training Exam practice
1 1 Could you send me some more information about the place where
you’re living? 1 A

2 That was a strange thing to say! 2 1 a verb 2 a noun, (t)ion 3 there’s a spelling change, the final e
is lost
3 There aren’t any biscuits left.
3 17 pleasure(s): This is the noun in this word formation family;
4 Correct simple pleasure is a well-known collocation.
5 There’s an interesting course I’d like to do in the evenings. 18 entertaining: This is a common adjective to describe books, often
occurring with highly.
6 My two sisters all both like coffee ice cream.
19 desperate: Note the spelling changes. Also, desperate as an
7 Where’s the best place to have coffee in this area? adjective can be quite positive, as in: I’m desperate to see you after
8 A lLot of people at the meeting said they rarely used public all this time, whereas despair is very negative.
transport./Lots of people at the meeting said they rarely used public 20 excitement: This is the noun from excite, the adjective being
transport. exciting.

218 Keys
 21 careful: The other adjectives from care are careless, caring and 2a A
carefree. 2b Suggested answer
22 reference: A reference guide / book / manual is one that you refer  Looking for thrills and wishing to escape from everyday routine
to when you need some information. are the grammatical subjects of the verb excuses, so they cannot be
23 something: The following it rules out somebody or someone as the object of the verb, too. People deliberately putting themselves
an answer. in danger is not an outcome (result). Rescuers being put at risk
24 explanation: Note the loss of the i from explain. is a result, and the writer is saying there is no excuse for this
happening, so this refers to option A.
Part 4
Training Exam practice
1 1T 2F 3F 4F
1 1 had done 2 should have checked 3 had 4 hadn’t 5 might
have had 6 must have thought 7 I’d been 8 could have got 2 31 B: This comes from This is not always the case. Usually he’s
brain dead after long plane journeys. He isn’t late or apologetic,
2 1 has shown Anna 2 had ever seen 3 is preparing
although these are tempting ideas in the circumstances.
4 couldn’t have 5 were given 6 must have been told
7 actually seen leaving 8 the staff uniforms kept 32 D: This comes from career depends on profitable live shows and
also in Porter’s quote beginning to be the most streamed artist … .
3 1d 2h 3g 4f 5b 6a 7e 8c If you try to work out the answer just from your knowledge of slim
4 1 pointed out 2 coming down with 3 call off 4 face up to then you might be tempted by B or C.
5 hit it off 6 give in 7 run out of 8 came up with 33 A: This comes from sort of half off-duty, half on, as well as the rest
of the paragraph. Porter hasn’t had a marketing image created for him
5 1 to have 2 knew 3 taking 4 have been 5 to go 6 to
and the use of the cap suggests he plans his own individual image.
7 getting 8 having
34 C: This comes from lines 4–5 in the paragraph. Porter did keep
Exam practice up his singing. No comment is made about the jobs he tried.
25 prevented Lizzie (from) training for: The grammar of the verb is 35 D: This is the point of the paragraph but in particular the words:
prevent somebody from doing something. Some people have settled in their discontent. C is particularly
tempting but this is not the point that Porter is making.
26 to leave most / much: If you only eat a little of something, you
36 B: This is the main point being made by Porter. D is particularly
leave most of it.
tempting but in a way the opposite is true – he uses car travel as
27 haven’t / have not done as much: less in this context means ‘not as work time.
much as’.
Part 6
28 had become a mother: The word become is prompting you to come
up with mother, and there’s no need to say for the first time as this Training
would take the answer to well over five words. 1 1D 2A 3C
29 keep it to: Don’t shout it out and keep it to yourself are both useful 2
expressions, and different ways of saying the same thing.
A great deal of research has been done on memory. There are
30 change your mind about (wanting): Changing your mind is the apparently many reasons why we remember certain things but forget
same as deciding not to do something or deciding not to have others. 1… One of the conclusions they have come to is that much of
something. this happens while we are asleep.
Part 5 The quality and duration of our sleep appears to affect whether or not
our brains can successfully convert experiences and knowledge we
Training have acquired whilst awake into long-term memories. To do this, our
1a C brains rely on regular periods of sleep every day. 2… That is one of the
1b The value of research into risk taking and the people who take part in reasons why sleep has become such an important area of research.
extreme sports has been questioned by some. Given the limited funds In the future, sleep experts may finally understand all the connections
available, is it really worth spending time and money investigating between sleep and memory. 3…
this particular aspect of human nature? I think this is a fair question,
and it also seems to me that extreme sports tend to attract those with A This means that interruptions to these patterns matter.
less concern than most not only for their own safety, but also for that B As a result, interest in sleep research has increased significantly.
of others; when things go wrong, rescuers are frequently put at risk
because someone else was deliberately putting themselves in danger. C Until they do, much of what happens after we have closed our eyes
Thrill-seeking and a wish to escape from everyday routine hardly at night will remain a mystery.
excuses an outcome such as this. Even relatively well-established D Scientists are also interested in how we process what we have seen
sports such as snowboarding and paragliding entail a level of risk- or has happened to us.
taking that many would consider unacceptable. E So our memories are formed in ways that are still not fully explained.
1c A: The value of research into risk taking and the people who take
part in extreme sports has been questioned by some. Given the In paragraph 1, they in the text refers to scientists in option D.
limited funds available, is it really worth spending time and money In option A, these patterns refers to regular periods of sleep
investigating this particular aspect of human nature? I think this is a every day.
fair question
In paragraph 2, That refers to interruptions to these patterns matter.

B: Thrill-seeking and a wish to escape from everyday routine
In option C, They refers to sleep experts; also link from In the

D: relatively well-established sports such as snowboarding and future and Until they do.
paragliding

Keys 219
Exam practice 51 E: From the first lines of E where the writer stops to help Gobi
across the river.
1 1 Yes, the text has an ‘I’ voice (and this comes into one of the items).
52 A: This is referring to the ‘self-sufficiency’ regarding food and
2 Caroline Schefuele, co-president of a jewellery company
equipment.
3 The name Caroline gives to the original diamond she bought.
4 a collection of jewels cut from the diamond
2 37 F: The information in F refers to the diamond rather than the Writing
finished jewellery, and the it in F refers to something that’s been
found.
Part 1 (essay)
38 D: In D, the only question was, what to do with ….. links very Training
strongly with There were various possibilities after the gap. 1 Introductions: I would argue that …; The question of …;
39 A: The computer modelling in A is how Scheufele managed to First of all …
figure out the best possible combination. Contrasting linkers: However; Although; in contrast to;
40 G: This speaks of the impact of the jewels and after the gap we Nevertheless; Whereas …; in spite of
have the writer’s reaction to what she sees. Conclusions: Lastly …; To sum up, there are arguments …; I have
41 E: This gives an example of the collection’s versatility and how it come to the conclusion that …; In conclusion (I believe that) …
can be worn differently for different occasions.
2 1 in contrast to 2 Nevertheless 3 The question of
42 C: This fits strongly in both directions. This after the gap refers
4 In conclusion 5 in spite of
to the fact that almost everybody in the workshop worked on the
jewellery. 3 Suggested answers
Paragraph 1: introducing the topic - First of all, young people love
Part 7 gadgets and technology, whereas they see science as uninteresting.
Training Paragraph 2: write about television programmes - One way to make
science more attractive is to have television programmes presented
1 1g 2f 3e 4b 5d 6c 7h 8a
by celebrities, with subjects which are relevant to young people.
2a 1 A 2B 3 neither A nor B 4A Paragraph 3: write about interactive museums - Another idea would
2b A be to set up interactive science museums in every town, where
Question 1: local councils frequently say these have been approved parents could take their children.
following extensive consultation amongst the local residents. However, Paragraph 4: Explaining how to make science more attractive - Of
in the case of policies designed to reduce the impact of traffic in cities, course, it would help if scientists were better paid and young people
this is frequently not the case. were made aware of the range of jobs available.
Paragraph 5: conclusion - In conclusion, it is vital that more young
Question 4: It would be in the interests of all concerned if the views
people are attracted to science, since society’s future depends on
of residents were adequately researched, preferably by an agency
scientific progress.
approved by those on all sides of the debate.
4 1 The writer’s opinion is that (young people) see science as
B
uninteresting and that the number of young people following a
Question 3: This idea was excellent, and aimed to encourage car career in science has dropped. – paragraph 1
sharing and increased use of public transport.
2 Television programmes – paragraph 2; Interactive museums –
Question 2: Unfortunately, because of local opposition, this initiative paragraph 3
had to be abandoned. In my view, the council should not have backed
3 The author also discusses scientists’ salaries and job availability in
down. If they had kept the policy in place for longer than a couple
the science sector in paragraph 4.
of weeks, residents, including drivers, would have had the chance to
experience the benefits, and would, I believe, have ended up in favour 4 Television programmes = making science programmes with
of the scheme. celebrities, with subjects relevant to young people; children identify
with well-known people
Exam practice Interactive museums = better to teach children about science through
1 1 The same person – the runner is writing about his own hands-on experiments rather than teach them in a classroom
experiences. Science jobs and salaries = young people are put off a scientific
career because they think it means working in a badly paid job in a
2 Initially he is indifferent to the dog, but by the end he feels
boring laboratory.
sympathy / a sense of responsibility.
5 First of all; whereas; I would argue …; In conclusion….,
2 43 C: from the last line of this section. in spite of
44 E: I put her in my arms, warily, in case she bit me.
45 D: This is from the second and third lines of D. Exam practice (essay)
46 A: This is the writer’s reaction to seeing other racers feed the dog 1 1 This is up to you. You are free to agree, disagree, or partly agree,
and also in There’s no way I’m feeding it. as long as you provide convincing reasons for your opinion.
47 B: Normally my wife runs alongside me and we’re quite sociable, 2 You could refer to the changes in a town you know, and use this as
but when it’s just me I concentrate more on the race. evidence for your opinion.
48 E: But flushed with happiness, towards the finish we raced past 2
the others. Sample answer
49 C: This refers to his worries about the dog getting squashed. The last few years have seen the centre of Lansford, where I live,
50 D: This is the second half of D, when the writer sits and reflects change dramatically. When I was growing up, the town centre
on the dog’s incredible loyalty. was thriving, with a number of shops and restaurants which
always seemed to be busy. Nowadays though, several of these

220 Keys
 once successful businesses have had to close, and many of the Available facilities
streets in town contain boarded up buildings, especially where There are a number of good quality gyms in the area, which are
clothes shops used to be. modern and have a good range of equipment. There are also two
I suspect that the boom in online shopping may be to blame. swimming pools which are open every day of the year, apart from
When people can order products from their own home, there’s no public holidays. We are also fortunate to have several football
need to drive into town and look for a place to park. As a result, pitches, which are very popular.
physical shops on the high streets are suffering. Problem areas
However, it’s hard to say whether this is definitely true. Trends It was reported that in recent years most gyms have increased their
in shops and shopping have always evolved, and this was the membership fees by 20%. It would appear that the swimming pools
case long before the internet arrived in the late 20th century. are often dirty and crowded, especially in the summer months.
So perhaps it’s a bit unfair to blame the internet. Time will tell According to three school principals, the football pitches are in poor
whether our town centres will recover. condition and the floodlights are hopeless.
Conclusion
Notes
In conclusion, the two main areas of concern among the people
• Agrees with the statement and gives reasons interviewed were the rising prices and the poor condition of some
• Also expresses doubt, saying that certainty about the cause isn’t of the facilities. I would strongly recommend that the council
possible repair the facilities and subsidise the gym membership fees. This
• A range of tenses will allow more people in the area to enjoy themselves and get fit
• No language errors as well.
• Appropriate length
• Ends by mentioning the future of town centres Exam practice
Part 2 (report) 1 1 You need to describe three aspects of a new building or
construction project: 1) its strengths; 2) its weaknesses; 3) its likely
Training future impact on the area. 2 It should be in reasonably formal
1 1 Conclusions 2 Description and findings 3 Introduction language, and the same register used throughout.
4 Recommendations and suggestions 2
Sample answer
2 1 The main aim / purpose of this report is to give …
2 It has been suggested that / It would appear that most … A report on Zatira’s new road system
3 I would recommend / I would suggest that the council … Zatira’s new road system
4 In conclusion, the council … For many years, the town of Zatira suffered from high levels of
5 The council may lose the next election, according to a recent poll. road congestion and pollution. For this reason, the town council
took the decision to build a ring road, so that long-distance
3 Key words: teacher, asked you, write, report, sports, local area, the traffic could pass around the outside of Zatira instead of going
views of visitors/local people, recommendation
through it.
4 1 After a class discussion, the writer has to write a report. Construction lasted five years, and work was finally completed in
2 Your English teacher 3 Either formal or neutral 2017. As soon as the new ring road opened, there was less traffic
4 Include the views of visitors and local people; make a coming through the centre of the town. Air quality was also said
recommendation.
to improve slightly, and many people were very pleased about the
5 1D 2C 3B 4A road, as they will be able to travel more quickly.
6 1 I wanted to write a report; People were saying that; are rubbish; How I have been affected
Why don’t …? However, for me personally, it is not so simple. My flat is on the
2 equipement = equipment; swiming = swimming; fasilities = outskirts of Zatira, and from my flat, you can hear the sound of
facilities; counsil = council the traffic. On hot days, when the windows are open, it gets really
3 local residents was asked for their views = were asked; to quite noisy. For people living nearer to the road, the situation
enjoying themselves = to enjoy themselves. is worse. I think they should have considered building a wall
4 Paragraph 1: … facilities As part of… → … facilities. As part of alongside the road to deal with the noise issue. Hopefully, this
(missing full stop); Paragraph 2: We, are also fortunate → We are will be added soon.
also fortunate (comma not required); Paragraph 4: … themselves
and get fit as well? → themselves and get fit as well. (a full stop is
required instead of a question mark). Notes
5 Paragraph 1 – It was very interesting to do the survey. • An effective answer, outlining strengths and weaknesses of the
Paragraph 2 – at lunchtime with school children and office road system
workers in the evening Paragraph 3 – I don’t like using them. • Clear title and effective use of headings, making the structure
clear (first description of the project, then evaluation of its
Sample text success)
Introduction • Appropriate division into paragraphs
I wanted to write a report to give an overview of the town’s sporting • No language errors
facilities. As part of the survey, both tourists and local residents • Good range of grammatical structures: ‘so that’; ‘was said to’;
were asked for their views. ‘should have’; ‘will be added’)

Keys 221
Part 2 (letter) Part 2 (article)
Training Training
1 1 Giving news 2 Requests 3 Making suggestions and 1
recommendations 4 Apologies 5 Thanking someone Involving the reader: Have you thought about …?; Are you one of those
2 1 Your English-speaking friend, Joan. people who …?; Just imagine …; How would you feel if …?
2 Joan wants to know about the birthday party you organised for Adding interest: I was absolutely terrified when I …; More importantly,
your brother. it was something …; Unsurprisingly, I ended up …; It was the most
3 What kind of party did you organise? Who did you invite? How did amazing experience I have ever had.
it go? Developing your points: Another advantage of …; On top of that, …;
3 1A 2F 3G 4E 5C 6B 7D You also have to …

4 1 Yes, it has four paragraphs with a clear structure in each. Making suggestions: Go online and find out about …; Give it a try!;
Take my advice and …
2 Yes. She organised the birthday party at a club (para 2); She
invited her brother’s work friends (para 2); It was fantastic (para 2) 2 1 Unsurprisingly, I ended up arriving two hours late.
and we had a great time (para 3) 2 I was absolutely terrified when I did my first bungee jump.
3 To tell Joan about the party (para 1). 3 On top of that, I had left my passport at the hotel.
4 She uses the phrase: Hope to hear all your news soon. (Para 4) 4 Take my advice and stay at one of the recommended hotels
5 Have you thought about going on a round-the-world trip?
5 Hi Joan, How’s it going?; It’s good to hear from you.
(contractions); I picked my brother up; His face turned bright red 3 1 A very special holiday you’ve been on.
(exclamations); Anyway, I’ve got to run; Lots of love 2 The readers of a travel magazine.
3 Write about where you went and what you did on holiday.
Exam practice 4 The instructions don’t say but it’s a good idea to include a title.
1 1 They are English-speaking friends who are coming to stay in your 4 1 Imperatives: Live the dream! Give it a try! Rhetorical questions:
home while you are away. You may wish to invent some details Have you ever thought about the perfect holiday? Why worry about
about them to include in your essay (e.g. where they live normally, that though?
etc.). 2 You could say that you will be visiting your own family 2 Have you ever…? (para 1); If you’re looking to (para 4); Give it a
during the friends’ visit, or that you are on holiday. 3 You could try! (para 4)
write about any appropriate jobs you would like your friends to do
3 I quickly got used to the food, humidity and even tried some of
for you, such as watering your plants, taking the rubbish out, etc.
my Japanese, although it’s not very good! (para 2); Japan was very
2 clean (para 3); everyone was really friendly, (para 3); hotels were
Sample answer superb (para 3); I took the bullet train (para 3); slept on a matted
Dear Jon and Patsy, floor (para 3); bought a Kimono (para 3); did a sushi making class
Welcome to my flat! I’ve left some food in the fridge for you, so (para 3)
do help yourselves, as I’m sure you’re hungry after the journey. 4 Final paragraph: If you’re looking to spend amazing time while
Hope your flight wasn’t delayed. completely changing your outlook,
It’s such a shame that I’m not able to be there to welcome you 5 Using a title with impact: Fabulous Japan – Live the dream!; Start
and show you round the city myself. Unfortunately, I’d already the article with a rhetorical question to address the reader directly:
bought my ticket to the conference before I knew you were Have you ever thought about the perfect holiday?
coming. Anyway, I’ll be back in four days, so will see you then. 5 1 Yes, it has four paragraphs with a clear structure. Paragraph 1:
In the meantime, can I ask a favour? The rubbish is collected gives the introductory information about the holiday; Paragraph 2:
every Thursday morning. So, on Wednesday night, would you be explains more about the holiday; Paragraph 3: gives examples of
able to take the bins out for me, and leave them by the entrance impressions and activities; Paragraph 4: conclusion and suggestion
to the building? You’ll see everyone else’s, so it’ll be obvious 2 Yes, the writer explains that it was a special holiday
where. There’s also a green box for the recycling. It lives under (Paragraphs 1 & 4), where he went (Paragraph 1) and what he
did (Paragraphs 2 &3).
the kitchen sink, and needs to go out too. Thanks a lot!
3 Yes, the writer uses an informal style and tone throughout, with
Anyway, I hope you’ll make yourselves at home. Look forward
personalised examples, rhetorical questions, exclamation marks,
to seeing you soon. phrases to make the article more interesting.
All the best, 4 Have you ever thought about …? (Para 1); Just imagine (Para
Andrzej 1); It was the most amazing experience I have ever had. (Para 1);
Unsurprisingly, I ended up (Para 3); Give it a try! (Para 4)
Notes Exam practice
• A helpful and welcoming letter 1 1 describe a skill that you have learned; describe the challenges
• Friendly beginning and ending you faced while learning it; explain the benefits of having this skill;
• Suitable chatty informal style, including appropriate ellipsis: give advice for others learning the same skill 2 You can choose
‘Hope your flight wasn’t delayed’ instead of ‘I hope your flight something that you can or cannot do. Suggested examples: driving
wasn’t delayed’ a car; speaking a foreign language; playing the piano, etc. 3 This
• No language errors depends on the skill, but you need to demonstrate that you can use
• Appropriate division into paragraphs vocabulary which is appropriate for the level and topic. For example,
• Request for help is made politely if your skill was driving, the following phrases might be useful:
change gear smoothly, get used to reversing, gives me greater
• Clear explanation of what the guests need to do independence, don’t underestimate the time needed to learn

222 Keys
2 drivers 4 female doctor on the radio talking about colds
Sample answer 5 a woman and a man talking about a musical they have seen
One lesson I’m glad I learned 6 a woman talking about horse riding and the benefits it gives her
My father taught me lots of useful things when I was a kid. But 7 two speakers; a man complaining in a shop and a shop assistant
one of the most useful was carpentry. replying to his complaint 8 a woman talking about a chef
Making his own furniture was always a favourite hobby of my 2 1 the statue 2 something the speaker is sad about 3 an opinion
dad’s. He’d always prefer to build something himself rather than both speakers agree on 4 a doctor explaining something that many
just get something ready-made from a shop. And so when I was of her patients don’t know about 5 what the woman likes about the
about 9, he decided that I was old enough to learn. musical 6 how the woman has benefitted from going riding
7 what the shop assistant agrees to do in answer to the customer’s
He had some small tools which he showed me how to use. And
complaint 8 explaining what she knows about Peter Tinney
before long, I was making things myself. Most of it was pretty
basic. For example, I remember making a wooden box to keep 3 1B 2A 3C 4C 5A 6A 7B 8C
my toys in. This helped me keep my room tidy, as I wanted to put Part 2
things back in the box I was so proud of!
It wasn’t all easy though. I cut myself a couple of times. And I Training
always found it hard to saw in a really straight line. But the thing 1 The answer could be a part of the body, for example.
you have to remember is that with practice, you get better, and 2 The key is skin – it’s common practice to do this = many people do it.
jobs get easier.
3 energy and performance are distractors, but only some athletes not
many people, use honey to improve these.
Notes
4 Students’ own answers
• Answers all parts of the question: skill = carpentry;
challenges = not hurting himself, and cutting in a straight line; 5 The key is flavour. The main distractors are price, colour and quality.
benefits = being proud of what you’ve made; advice = practise
• Opening sentence creates interest, but the reader must read on to
Exam practice
find out what the skill is 2 1 a talk 2 filming a wildlife documentary in Gabon 3 a man
• No language errors 4 9 noun 10 noun 11 adjective 12 noun; probably a person 13 noun;
• Appropriate vocabulary related to topic: ‘hobby’; ‘tools’; ‘saw’ form of transport 14 probably a noun; something they can only
get at the beach 15 verb 16 plural noun 17 adjective for describing
• Each paragraph develops the idea from the topic sentence (first
people 18 noun, probably a kind of animal
sentence of paragraph)
• The right length 2 9 advert/advertisement 10 guidebook 11 work
12 biologist 13 helicopter 14 salt 15 surfing 16 leopard(s)
17 welcoming 18 tourism
Listening
Part 3
Part 1
Training
Training
2 1 ‘And luckily I’d done some research on the company beforehand
1 It’s a tour guide, talking to a group of visitors about a city. so I knew who the boss was, and who her team were. Sounds really
2 The key is B – you can decide whether you agree with me, and let obvious, but that’s pretty important I’d say,’
me know! 2 The key is G – Learn all you can about your employers.
3&4 4 The speaker also refers to B, D and H. However, B is wrong because
Guide Now everyone, we’re currently standing in what’s probably although he made friends with colleagues, he doesn’t give this is a
(C) the most beautiful square in the whole city – in my view, of piece of advice. D is wrong because he just happened to be wearing
course! Anyway, there are certainly plenty of other nice (A) places the right clothes – he doesn’t advise others
for you to explore and compare it with, so maybe you can decide at H is wrong because he only mentions that he couldn’t sleep the
the end of your stay whether you agree with me, and let me know! night before.
(B) Anyway, I’m going to give each of you a map, so you’ll be able
to follow exactly where we are as we walk round the main sights 5 1 Speaker 2 says no-one expects you to know it all on the first
together, and then have some time on your own to have a look day – useful to bear that in mind, I’d say. 2 Don’t pretend to know
around at the places that appeal to you. everything. 3 The key is E, but she also refers to options A and C.
A is wrong because although he mentions that there are other nice A is incorrect because although her colleagues told her to ask
places to explore, he doesn’t say what they are. for help, this wasn’t her advice – and she admits that this doesn’t
C is wrong because they’re already in what is probably one of his happen in every company.
favourite places – he hasn’t had to persuade them to go there. C is incorrect because although she did her best not to be late for
work, setting off an hour early, she admits this is a bit silly.
5 Why is she phoning?
6 The key is B. She’s explaining that the concert tickets are
Exam practice
more expensive than they’d been told, so she’s correcting some 1 1 part-time courses 2 A: if anyone got promoted because of doing
information. A is wrong – she’s asking for ideas, not giving a course B: if anyone changed their priorities following the course
suggestions. And C is wrong – they weren’t really our first choice of C: if anyone used it as a way to use their spare time D: if anyone
band to see, so she’s not disappointed. met similar thinking people during the course E: if it helped anyone
to wind down after work F: if it gave anyone the opportunity to be
Exam practice creative G: if anyone got a qualification H: if it persuaded anyone to
1 1 two speakers talking about a statue 2 a male music teacher do more courses
talking about his job 3 two speakers discussing cars without 2 19 H 20 C 21 B 22 F 23 A

Keys 223
Part 4
Training
Test 3
1 & 2 The answer is B – he realised that he preferred football to the
piano, but for the sake of peace, I just kept quiet and carried on
practising.
Reading and Use of English
3 A is correct – at that point I really did regret my decision about music. Part 1
4 B isn’t correct – Dennis doesn’t suggest that he felt jealous of his 1D 2B 3C 4A 5B 6A 7B 8D
brother. Part 2
C isn’t correct – as far as we know, he hasn’t performed in public 9 off 10 myself 11 have 12 One 13 take 14 which
at all. 15 not 16 up
Exam practice Part 3
1 1 an interview 2 an ex sportsperson runs a business 17 involvement 18 untrained 19 revolutionised / revolutionized
3 an interviewer and a woman called Gemma Porter 20 suitable 21 intention(s) 22 chosen 23 shortage 24 emotional
2 24 B 25 C 26 A 27 C 28 B 29 A 30 B Part 4
25 since my sister got married 26 whether / if he had / he’d
Speaking recovered 27 ever been | allowed to 28 so / as long as Dad is /
Dad’s 29 warned everyone not to get OR warned everyone to avoid
Part 1 getting OR warned everyone against / about getting 30 is more
Training important to / for Brian OR matters more to Brian
1 1T 2F 3T 4T 5F Part 5
2 1 present 2 future 3 past 4 future 5 present 6 past 31 D 32 B 33 C 34 C 35 A 36 C
3 1B 2C 3B 4A 5C 6B Part 6
Part 2 37 B 38 E 39 A 40 F 41 G 42 D
Training Part 7
1 1e 2c 3g 4f 5a 6h 7b 8d 43 B 44 C 45 D 46 A 47 C 48 A 49 C 50 D 51 B 52 A
2 2, 3, 4, 6
3 special 2 like 3 something 4 kind Writing
4 Students’ own answers Part 1
5 Students’ own answers
Sample answer
Part 3 No school, college or university would be as effective without a
Training library. Libraries are essential in these places, as are public libraries
in our towns and cities. But we have to accept that times are
1 1 with a partner 2 different possibilities 3 all of these changing, books are cheaper to buy, people spend less time reading
4 three minutes 5 reach agreement 6 one minute books, and so as a result, libraries aren’t as busy as they once were.
2 1 That’s because 2 For one thing 3 After all Besides that, the internet provides us with so much to read, that old
4 The reason for this books in libraries now have some serious competition. But despite
3 1 either 2 happy 3 choice 4 choose 5 go this, I think that we still need libraries, and they must adapt in order
not to disappear. They already have new services. Most libraries
Part 4 now have public computers, but even that seems a bit old-fashioned
now, as almost everyone has a smartphone.
Training
I think that libraries should develop new services, for example
1 1 your opinions 2 examples and reasons 3 can 4 should
allowing people to browse their books online, and order books
5 might
for loan and delivery. They could hire out their rooms as meeting
2 1 I’d say that … 2 I think that … 3 In my opinion, … rooms, or open a café. It’s a testing time for libraries, and we should
4 correct 5 What’s your opinion about … 6 correct all support them.
7 What are your views about … 8 How do you feel about …
3 1d 2a 3c 4e 5b

224 Keys
 Notes
Writing
• A successful answer, addressing all parts of the question
• Limited use of tenses (present simple), but this is appropriate for Part 1 (essay)
the task Sample answer
• Wide range of modal verbs used effectively
Ready meals saved my life!
• No language errors
• Linking phrases are used appropriately: ‘as a result’; ‘besides If I ever cooked a meal for you, you would never forget the
that’; ‘despite this’ experience. I am not boasting. But I am being honest. I am probably
the worst cook in the world. If I make toast, I burn it.
• The right length
That’s why I almost always go for ready meals. My local
Listening supermarket has a good supply of pre-cooked portions, which just
go into the microwave. Two minutes, and it’s done. It’s tasty too –
Part 1 even when I microwave things! And the takeaways near my home
are great too!
1A 2C 3B 4B 5B 6C 7A 8C
Some of my friends laugh at me because I never cook. Actually,
Part 2 I laugh at them because they waste hours chopping up vegetables
9 challenging 10 independent 11 rain 12 (trip) leaders into tiny pieces. What a waste of time! People say that ready meals
13 accommodation 14 maps / a map 15 gentle 16 (cycle) paths and fast food are bad for you, but actually, eating them can be just
17 rest days 18 certificate as healthy if you have a balanced diet, not the same thing all the
time. Plus, my flatmates and I often eat together, so ready meals and
Part 3 takeaways can be sociable too.
19 E 20 D 21 H 22 C 23 A
Notes
Part 4
• Good choice of title, which exaggerates, but summarises the
24 B 25 A 26 B 27 C 28 A 29 C 30 C
writer’s point
• Starts by addressing the reader which grabs the reader’s attention
successfully: ‘If I ever cooked a meal for you’
Test 4 • Uses a mixture of short and long sentences in the first paragraph
which creates interest, and seems to express the writer’s
personality
Reading and Use of English • Covers all the points in the instruction, as well as the writer’s
own idea (their inability to cook)
Part 1 • Suitable length
1B 2B 3A 4B 5C 6B 7D 8A • Paragraphs used appropriately
• No language errors
Part 2
9 it / this 10 too 11 get / be / go
15 At 16 having
12 up 13 like 14 unable Listening
Part 3 Part 1
1B 2A 3C 4B 5A 6C 7C 8B
17 undivided 18 anxious 19 Another 20 unsure
21 frightened 22 relaxed 23 tendency 24 sociable Part 2
Part 4 9 documentary 10 ice 11 tree 12 rain(fall) 13 hand(-)picked
14 temperature 15 honey 16 instant 17 energy 18 ceremony
25 have / get something to 26 to / would take such a
27 if / whether (s)he objected to 28 doesn’t / does not annoy me Part 3
any 29 thanked everybody for making her / the 30 was / felt
19 B 20 D 21 G 22 A 23 F
desperate to win
Part 5 Part 4
24 B 25 B 26 C 27 A 28 C 29 C 30 A
31 B 32 D 33 B 34 D 35 D 36 A
Part 6
37 D 38 E 39 G 40 C 41 B 42 F
Part 7
43 A 44 B 45 C 46 A 47 B 48 C 49 A 50 D
51 C 52 A

Keys 225
 Listening
Test 5 Part 1
1A 2B 3C 4A 5C 6C 7A 8B
Reading and Use of English Part 2
Part 1 9 Dairy Month 10 museum 11 song 12 sculptures
1B 2C 3A 4D 5C 6D 7B 8A 13 tasting 14 magic show 15 advance tickets
16 farm tours / (a) farm tour 17 volunteers 18 skateboard park
Part 2
Part 3
9 from 10 which 11 because 12 what 13 in
14 when(ever) / if / once 15 there 16 that / this 19 A 20 F 21 B 22 H 23 D

Part 3 Part 4
17 Unlike 18 welcoming 19 diversity 20 production 24 C 25 A 26 B 27 A 28 B 29 C 30 C
21 setting 22 virtually 23 sustainable 24 sight
Part 4
25 doesn’t / does not contain (any) 26 the only one
Test 6
27 was / were more talented at 28 failed to go
29 it was the wrong 30 was David who / that managed to
Reading and Use of English
Part 5
Part 1
31 B 32 C 33 D 34 C 35 B 36 A
1C 2B 3D 4A 5D 6A 7D 8C
Part 6
Part 2
37 B 38 G 39 F 40 A 41 E 42 D
9 over / through(out) 10 in 11 out 12 which 13 than
Part 7 14 no 15 be 16 when
43 D 44 C 45 D 46 A 47 E 48 B 49 E 50 B 51 A 52 C Part 3
17 competition 18 presence 19 visitors 20 promising
Writing 21 impression 22 entrance 23 Fortunately 24 salty
Part 1 (essay) Part 4
Sample answer 25 me know what your decision 26 get in touch with 27 had
difficulty (in) persuading 28 it if you came / would / could come
Spending money wisely – or wasting it? 29 had (her / some / a few) doubts about 30 see / understand the point
For the last several hundred years, governments all over the world
have spent money building monuments to themselves. The reason Part 5
was simple – to make themselves look good. I think that when 31 B 32 A 33 C 34 D 35 D 36 C
governments nowadays spend money on an art festival, or on a new
statue in the park, it’s the same. They think they can buy popularity.
Part 6
But even in wealthy countries, public institutions like schools and 37 G 38 C 39 A 40 F 41 B 42 E
hospitals rarely have enough money. If the government then decides Part 7
to pay for a mural on the town hall, they’ll have even less. You could
43 C 44 F 45 E 46 B 47 A 48 C 49 F 50 D 51 A 52 C
argue that paying for public works of art does more harm than good.
I would suggest that anyone who is in favour of public artworks
should be able to donate money to the local government for that
purpose. When there’s enough money, the people who have donated
could have a say in choosing what kind of artwork gets created.
I think that would be much fairer.

Notes
• A successful answer
• Clearly states opinion in first paragraph
• Fully addresses the question
• Makes own recommendation in final paragraph
• Appropriate length
• Uses range of tenses and modal verbs
• Uses complex sentences: ‘I would suggest that anyone who is in
favour of public artworks should be able to donate money to the
local government for that purpose.’

226 Keys
Writing Notes
• Appropriate title, which summarises the writer’s opinion
Part 1 (essay) • Entertaining use of anecdotes from the writer’s own schooldays
Sample answer • All aspects of the question fully addressed
Too academic – and not practical enough • No language errors
Like many people, I learned lots of things at school that I will never • Effective use of paragraphs
need. In maths, I learned how to calculate the exact lengths of the • Correct length
three sides of a triangle. This is perhaps the most useless skill I • Chatty informal style, which is acceptable, as it used consistently:
have ever learned. I remember my physics teacher getting us all to ‘She needn’t have bothered, as I don’t plan to visit any of them!’;
learn the names of the planets in our solar system. She needn’t have ‘why not have a lesson where …’
bothered, as I don’t plan to visit any of them! • Writer’s opinion is clear throughout
But I also left school without knowing a lot of really basic stuff
about life, like how to open a bank account, or how to change Listening
an electrical fuse. It’s the little things like these that make a Part 1
real difference later in life. People waste millions each year on
plumbers, electricians and builders, paying for simple repairs that 1A 2C 3C 4A 5B 6B 7A 8B
they should be able to do themselves. Part 2
And school is the place to learn these skills. Every week, why not 9 stone 10 handles 11 beauty 12 weight 13 lighthouse
have a lesson where one professional comes in and talks to the 14 curved 15 sand 16 self(-)portrait 17 furniture 18 chemist
students? It could be a bank manager one week, and an electrician
the next. It would really help. Part 3
19 B 20 H 21 G 22 C 23 E
Part 4
24 C 25 A 26 C 27 A 28 B 29 B 30 A

Keys 227