INTERNATIONAL AS

PHYSICS
PH02
Unit 2 Electricity, waves and particles

Mark scheme
January 2022
Version: 1.0 Final

*221XPH02/MS*
 MARK SCHEME – INTERNATIONAL AS PHYSICS – PH02 – JANUARY 2022

Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant
questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the
standardisation events which all associates participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in
this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the students’
responses to questions and that every associate understands and applies it in the same correct way.
As preparation for standardisation each associate analyses a number of students’ scripts. Alternative
answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed and legislated for. If, after the
standardisation process, associates encounter unusual answers which have not been raised they are
required to refer these to the Lead Examiner.

It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and
expanded on the basis of students’ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark
schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of
assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination
paper.

Further copies of this mark scheme are available from oxfordaqaexams.org.uk

Copyright information

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their own internal use, with the following important exception: OxfordAQA cannot give permission to schools/colleges to photocopy any material that is
acknowledged to a third party even for internal use within the centre.

Copyright © 2022 Oxford International AQA Examinations and its licensors. All rights reserved.

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 MARK SCHEME – INTERNATIONAL AS PHYSICS – PH02 – JANUARY 2022

Level of response marking instructions

Level of response mark schemes are broken down into levels, each of which has a descriptor. The
descriptor for the level shows the average performance for the level. There are marks in each level.

Before you apply the mark scheme to a student’s answer read through the answer and annotate it (as
instructed) to show the qualities that are being looked for. You can then apply the mark scheme.

Step 1 Determine a level

Start at the lowest level of the mark scheme and use it as a ladder to see whether the answer meets the
descriptor for that level. The descriptor for the level indicates the different qualities that might be seen in
the student’s answer for that level. If it meets the lowest level then go to the next one and decide if it
meets this level, and so on, until you have a match between the level descriptor and the answer. With
practice and familiarity you will find that for better answers you will be able to quickly skip through the
lower levels of the mark scheme.

When assigning a level you should look at the overall quality of the answer and not look to pick holes in
small and specific parts of the answer where the student has not performed quite as well as the rest. If
the answer covers different aspects of different levels of the mark scheme you should use a best fit
approach for defining the level and then use the variability of the response to help decide the mark within
the level, ie if the response is predominantly level 3 with a small amount of level 4 material it would be
placed in level 3 but be awarded a mark near the top of the level because of the level 4 content.

Step 2 Determine a mark

Once you have assigned a level you need to decide on the mark. The descriptors on how to allocate
marks can help with this. The exemplar materials used during standardisation will help. There will be an
answer in the standardising materials which will correspond with each level of the mark scheme. This
answer will have been awarded a mark by the Lead Examiner. You can compare the student’s answer
with the example to determine if it is the same standard, better or worse than the example. You can then
use this to allocate a mark for the answer based on the Lead Examiner’s mark on the example.

You may well need to read back through the answer as you apply the mark scheme to clarify points and
assure yourself that the level and the mark are appropriate.

Indicative content in the mark scheme is provided as a guide for examiners. It is not intended to be
exhaustive and you must credit other valid points. Students do not have to cover all of the points
mentioned in the Indicative content to reach the highest level of the mark scheme.

An answer which contains nothing of relevance to the question must be awarded no marks.

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 MARK SCHEME – INTERNATIONAL AS PHYSICS – PH02 – JANUARY 2022

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

01.1 7.67 × 10−4 (s) OR 7.7 × 10−4 (s) ✓ Penalise 1 sf 1 AO1

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

01.2 6.8 × 107 (V) ✓ Penalise 1 sf 1 AO2

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

01.3 Use of E = Pt leading to 1.2(3) (s) ✓ Penalise 1 sf 1 AO2

Total 3

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 MARK SCHEME – INTERNATIONAL AS PHYSICS – PH02 – JANUARY 2022

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

02 Use of d sin θ = nλ ✓ 4 2 × AO1

42 × 10−3 Condone pot error in MP2 2 × AO2

d = 3.5 × 10−6 (m) OR ✓
12000
uses n = 2 OR θ = 20.7o ✓ Answer of 1.16 x 10-6 m from θ = 41.4o gets
max 3.
6.2 × 10−7 (m) OR 6.19 × 10−7 ✓

Total 4

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

03 Max 3 3 1 × AO1
Lamps too far apart (to produce fringes that are
2 × AO2
observable to the naked eye) ✓

Not coherent... ✓
...because they don’t have a constant phase
relationship ✓

Idea that a pair of wavefronts or photons coinciding are not For MP4, accept the idea that filament lamps
likely to have the same frequency ✓ emit light of many frequencies

Total 3

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 MARK SCHEME – INTERNATIONAL AS PHYSICS – PH02 – JANUARY 2022

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

Physical evidence for the existence of energy levels✓ E.g. for MP1: line (emission and/or
04 3 3 × AO1
absorption) spectra
Allow ‘not continuous’ for line
✓

Explanation of how energy levels give rise to

photons/quanta of particular energies/frequencies✓
Discussion of why the energy levels must be discrete ✓ e.g. for MP3 why spectra have a limited
number of frequencies or wavelengths
Accept similar argument for characteristic
spectrum of X-rays

Total 3

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 MARK SCHEME – INTERNATIONAL AS PHYSICS – PH02 – JANUARY 2022

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

05.1 Uses c = fλ to get 3.95 × 10−10 (m) to at least 3 sf ✓ Must have convincing use of POT 1 AO1

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

h
05.2 Uses λ = to get 1.78 × 10−10 (m) to at least 3 sf ✓ Must have convincing use of POT 1 AO1
mv

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

05.3 Chooses electron as (de Broglie) wavelength is 2 1 × AO2

closer to atomic separation… ✓ 1 × AO4
… so the diffraction angle will be greater ✓ Allow wider diffraction

Total 4

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 MARK SCHEME – INTERNATIONAL AS PHYSICS – PH02 – JANUARY 2022

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

Condone ‘relax’ for de-excite

06.1 Mercury atoms emit UV photon as they de-excite ✓ 3 1 × AO1

Absorbed by (phosphor) coating of tube ✓ 2 × AO2

Idea that phosphor atoms de-excite in smaller stages, so

emit lower energy (visible) photons ✓

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

Condone ions/electrons for charge carriers

06.2 More charge carriers available ✓ 2 2 × AO2

Condone ‘number’ for ‘rate’

Links increase in potential difference with either increase in
rate of collisions or increase in energy available per
collision ✓ Treat references to temperature as neutral

Total 5

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 MARK SCHEME – INTERNATIONAL AS PHYSICS – PH02 – JANUARY 2022

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

07.1 0 or zero ✓ 1 AO3

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

07.2 One mark for the wave correctly drawn ✓ 1 AO3

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

07.3 States that there are nodes and antinodes ✓ MP1 and MP3 and MP4 could be on a 4 2 × AO1
diagram
2 × AO2
Idea that the stationary wave is formed by the Condone superimposition, but not
superposition of the two waves ✓ interference for superposition.

Amplitude (at antinodes) of 2 A OR amplitude at P is

zero✓

Explanation of how superposition produces a node or

an antinode ✓

Total 6

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 MARK SCHEME – INTERNATIONAL AS PHYSICS – PH02 – JANUARY 2022

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

08.1 4 2 × AO2
RL in the range 3100 to 3400 (Ω) ✓
2 × AO3
RT in the range 7000 to 8000 (Ω) ✓
Need to see equation or subject of an
V
Candidate adds the two values and uses I = ✓ equation for MP3
R
5.3 × 10−4 (A) to 5.9 × 10−4 (A) ✓
Do not award MP4 if both MP1 and MP2 are
incorrect.

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

08.2 Expect to see 3 1 × AO2

RL = 100 Ω ✓
Correct potential divider equation seen 100 5500 2 × AO3
× 6 OR ×6
OR 5600 5600
Calculates new current = 1.1 × 10−3 A✓
5.9 (V) ✓ Must see equation or subject of an equation
for MP2

Total 7

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 MARK SCHEME – INTERNATIONAL AS PHYSICS – PH02 – JANUARY 2022

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

09.1 Measures h with a metre ruler AND uses stopwatch 3 3 × AO4

or other suitable timing device… ✓

At least 5 sets of values of h and T ✓

Time at least 5 oscillations or for a period of at least 20

s OR use of fiduciary marker OR means of checking
metre ruler is vertical ✓

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

09.2 4π2 4π2 3 2 × AO3

Expect to see T 2 = H− h but accept
Plots T 2 against h ✓ g g 1 × AO4
MP1 without full rearrangement seen
4 2
gradient is ( − ) ✓
g Allow alternative straight line graphs
4 2
Intercept is H✓
g Marks can be awarded from a diagram.
Expect line to have a negative gradient for
MP2 and positive intercept for MP3.

Total 6

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 MARK SCHEME – INTERNATIONAL AS PHYSICS – PH02 – JANUARY 2022

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

10.1 Accept statement that M has a high inertia 1 AO1

Idea that a small force from the spring acts on (large mass)
M implying reference to a Newton’s law of motion ✓

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

10.2 Counts 10 to 12 cycles, seen or correctly used✓ 3 1 × AO2

Interprets scale correctly – eg 1 square is equivalent 2 × AO3
to 2 second ✓
2.5 to 3.0 (Hz) ✓ Condone 1 sf answer

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

10.3 Uses s = vt or notes delay is equivalent to 2 mm 3 2 × AO2

travel of graph paper ✓
1 × AO3
4 s delay ✓
28 000 (m) ✓ Allow ecf for their time in 10.2

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 MARK SCHEME – INTERNATIONAL AS PHYSICS – PH02 – JANUARY 2022

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

10.4 Amplitude is lower … ✓ For MP2 accept an inverse square law 2 1 × AO1
argument OR that energy is absorbed as the
... as it is attenuated by travelling a greater distance 1 × AO2
vibrations pass through the Earth
through the medium ✓

Total 9

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 MARK SCHEME – INTERNATIONAL AS PHYSICS – PH02 – JANUARY 2022

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

11.1 Uses 1 mm as the uncertainty to give 1 AO1

1
× 100 = 0.16 (%) ✓
625

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

Allow 8.5
11.2 Calculates the resistance per unit length as 8.48 (Ω m−1) ✓ 3 2 × AO1
Calculates percentage uncertainty of resistance as 1 × AO2
0.3
× 100 = 5.7 or 6 AND
5.3
Adds their percentage uncertainty of resistance to their
answer from 11.1 ✓

The number of decimal places should be

consistent with the answer to ‘resistance per
Answer in the range (±) 0.49 to 0.52 (Ω m–1) ✓ unit length’ e.g. if 8.5 is used only accept 0.5

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

11.3 Large triangle used to collect correct data ✓ 2 2 × AO3

−1
Answer in the range 8.1 to 8.3 (Ω m ) ✓

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 MARK SCHEME – INTERNATIONAL AS PHYSICS – PH02 – JANUARY 2022

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

11.4 ANY TWO from: ✓✓ 2 2 × AO4

The idea that finding the gradient is an averaging process
(and reduces random errors)
Systematic errors can be avoided (such as the intercept –
Allow systematic errors can be corrected,
contact resistance in this case)
once identified
Idea that single set of measurements may be anomalous

Total 8

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 MARK SCHEME – INTERNATIONAL AS PHYSICS – PH02 – JANUARY 2022

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

V2 Need to see equation or subject of equation

12.1 Use of P = ✓ 2 1 × AO1
R V
Accept use of P = VI and I = 1 × AO2
52.9 (Ω) to at least 3 sf ✓ R

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

RA
12.2 Use of  = 2 1 × AO1
L
1 × AO2
OR finding the correct area = 5.9 × 10−8 (m2) ✓ Accept answer in mm if unit given
6.37 or 6.4 (m) ✓ If R = 53 (Ω) used answer is 6.38 (m)
Do not allow more than 3sf

Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark AO

12.3 maximum For MP1 and MP3 both to be awarded, the 4 1 × AO1
elements shown in parallel (with lamp in parallel too) ✓ lamp must be seen correctly connected in at
2 × AO2
2000 (W) ✓ least one diagram
1 × AO3
minimum
elements shown in series (with lamp in parallel with the Do not condone 1 sf answers
series combination of heating elements) ✓
500 (W) ✓

Total 8

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 MARK SCHEME – INTERNATIONAL AS PHYSICS – PH02 – JANUARY 2022

Question Key Answer AO

13 C 600 Hz AO2

14 D AO3

15 C AO3

16 A 0–5 0–1 AO3

17 D AO3

18 D  AO3

19 B 2.3 minimum AO3

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 MARK SCHEME – INTERNATIONAL AS PHYSICS – PH02 – JANUARY 2022

20 A AO3

21 C AO3

22 B Material dispersion is minimised by using a narrow fibre. AO1

23 D Positrons exhibit the same wave-like properties as electrons that have the same velocity. AO1

24 B increasing the potential difference across the tube. AO2

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 MARK SCHEME – INTERNATIONAL AS PHYSICS – PH02 – JANUARY 2022

25 A AO3

26 C increasing the frequency of the incident radiation AO1

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