Collaboration statement done

by myself
Ill Find all the differentiable functions f such that

If fix t c

From FLC I Suppose f is integrable on Ca b and

continous at Ce Ca b Then Foxy
ft f is differentiable
at C and F Ii fee
Since it's given that f is differentiable so it must be
continous for all x Besides the question already apply

integral to f which states that f is integrable So

we can take derivative on both sides
Ix Stf fix s

By theorem If f is integrable on Cab and f g then

Sab f g b
gal In this case we let f F
tax Fal Fal Fx Ifa thx i

Si nie F lo is a constant the derivative of Flo should

be O Similar to c Ix 11 0
Therefore
F ly a
fix fix
Because we suppose f F so

fat a fix fix

Case 1 consider fix as a constant function where
 fix O

Then LHS 0 245 2 0 0

LHS RHS U satisfied

Moreover if fix is a constant function but not

equal to 0 however f ai will still be 0 since the

derivative of a constant value is O Such that
if f is a constant then the only choice is fix o

because otherwise LHS to but 2145 0 which

doesn't satisfied
Case 2 consider fix as a non constant function
and we can ignore some value for x that implies

fix o such that we can divide both sides

by fix
fix 2fex fix
I 2 fix
f x I
fix I Xtc where c e R
Now check if C can be any real number
LHS Ext c

RHS 2 txt c txt

2 txt s I
I Xt n
 LHS RHS
Thus we have shown that a can be
any real
number

In conclusion all the differentiable functions such that

f satisfied the equation are fix o and fix Ext c

when C E R
Q E D
121 Suppose that h f and are all differentiable
g
functions Define
gas
Fix h't dy
fix
Compute F'ext
From the FIC I Suppose
integrable f is on

a b and continous at c e a b then

Fix Sa f is differentiable at e and
F il f i

Since h is differentiable it should also be integrable

And as hat is differentiable for all t it's also
differentiable on fix gin Thus hit is integrable
on fix get which implies that Fext is differentiable
Such that we can take derivative on both sides

tax Fei
8,1 hat de

Now we apply the theorem if f is integrable

on a b and
fig then fab f
gib gta
In this case we suppose h H

F x Ax Higa H if xD
Since the question given that f
g and are all
differentiable so we can
apply chain rule to the
 y
equation
F x H gel
g al H fix f n
We've already set h H so we can do the following
operations
F ai h gin h fix fix
gin
F x h gag txt fix f ai
QE D
137 A wire has linear densityKgim if I metre of the
wire has mass k grams Suppose that you have a 10
metre long wire whose density p varies continously
along
the length of the Line
la Suppose that the density is proportional to the length

of the wine
The total length of the wise is 10 we can use the
notation L to represent it

Sinn the question States that the densityof the

wire is proportional to its length we can consider it
as pale kx when k is a ÉsÉnÉÉÉii in
divide the Line into n pieces to do partition
Partition o C t c C L
The lower bound is L If p
the upper bound is Uff p where
LIF p Te inf Kx x it It
Uff p
E sup lx Xe CE É
Since the density is proportional to the length for inf
we take X and for sup we take x till
Def mass density x length
 y
Because we have divided length into n
pieces so the
length for each partition is t
L mass
p EK in

i
i byinduction
proud
x

Gh
14
4

u mass p Ey k Ft x

E it
z
Phoned by induction
x
K 3111
3

Therefore L mass g E mass E u mass p

É E mass E

Sub 10 into L and let n o

Is e mais e Is 3k
Email E 5k
By the squeeze theorem the mass of the wile is equal
to TK
Cbl Write down an integral which computes the mass of the
wire
mass
If pix dx

St pix dx

St Kx dx
This is the same as what we
get for part a

Stk x Ctx

It O

This is because in
part a we have proved that the
lower sum is equal to the upper sum Which is
mass g U mass p

By definition this shows that the function is integrable

Q E D
4 Consider the matrix
I 2 3 2 1
A t t t d

2 5 7 4 4
1 3 4 2 2

la Find the reduced

I 2 3 2

man
2 5 7 4 4

I 2 3 2 I
2
I 2 1

4 0
3

I
3

1
o

0
f
1

I 2 3 2 I
as sea

0 3 3 0 6

7 2 3 2 I
I 2 2 1 24 7524
l
f
 1 I 0 2 23 7523
O O O O 1

I 2 3 2 I
I I 0 2 h t

o 1 o z

0 0 0 0 1

I 2 3 2 1
322 2
1 I o

40 2422
O O O O O

O O O O 1

d
O 2
I
0 0 0 0 1

This is the reduced row echelon form of the matrix A

b Find a basis for Row IA
Def rowspat of A is the subspace of F spanned

by the row vectors

 y
Thus the matrix A has a row vector We can denote

them as Vi V2 V3 and V4
Where up 1 2 3 2 1

Us O I I 0 2

V3 O O O O I

V4 O O O O O

Since V4 is a zero vector so it doesn't contribute

anything to the row space thus we can ignore it

Other than that V V and V are linearly independent so
au bust cus Span Vi Va Us
Thus we can use Vi Vi Us as our basis for
Zou A
il Find a basis for Colla
Similar to the idea above
Def tectum is the subspace of F spanned by
the column vector
Matrix A has 5 column vectors Wi Wa W Wa
and Ws
when
wig
wi

f
wifi wig
 lol lil
wig
From the above we can identify that these column

vectors are not linearly independent because 2W wa

Therefore we can ignore wa as
by definition we
only
need linearly independent vectors to form basis Therefore
we will
get
aw t bust chest dwt Span wi wz wz Ws

Since wi wa wa and us are linearly independent so we

can use them as our basis for Col IA

Id Find a basis for Nal A
the nullspat of A is all solutions
By definition
to Ax O also a subspace of F
int 2 2 3 2 I

to
0 I 0 2

am o o o
044
O O O
n t
0
Of
free variables
X 3 and V4 are free variables
Let x3 S Va T

75 0

x2 t St 0 2 0 0
72 5 0

1 52
2

X t 272 t 3 3 2 4 Xj 0
X 25 35 2T t 0 0

Xit S t T O

X 2T S
X 275
s

Htt
I

11
1

I
 111.1
Therefore the basis for nul la are and
g f
157 Prove
Suppose A and B are mxn mathies We set this
because A and B are now equivalent thus A
and B must be same sized
Let the column vectors of A be
Vi i Uh
Let the column vectors of B be
Wi i i Wh

Definitionofnwequivalent
A and B equivalent when one
are now can be
transformed into the other by a sequence of elementary
tow operations In another word A and B both
have the same reduced row echelon form
A can be expressed
by
A E E Er Ek C where Ei is elementary now

operation
BF F F Fk C where Fi is elementary now
operation
Such that it States that A and B can be expressed

in the same form c after experie

ing
series of
elementary row operations
Which means Vi is linearly dependent to wi
 y p
Let's look at a single row operation at a time
new vi Vi t Zuj
new wi wit zig
If the initial linearly dependent then
row vectors are

after elementary operation vi and wi should also be

linearly dependent
A CEI Eri E B CFI Fit
stated that the initial column vector of A and B
are the same both starts with C in wow reduced
echelon form Thus we have proved that Vi is
linearly dependent to wi We can express this as

Vi Ciw i
Let S Vil Vit

Let T wit Wik

L To show S is linearlyindependent then T is linearly

independent
We can express the column space S as
S g Vin as visit at vill

Zf S is linearly independent then for the equation

a Vi it an viz t 9k Vik 20
should only has trivial solution Which means the

only solution to the equation is that an an aid

 y a

equal to 0

Because we can express U in terms of wi

T 9 Civil t Az Cz Vis t ak Cl Vik

If for the equation anvil t anvik othe only

solution is an a as ok O then in this case
the solution for a civil t tak Ck vill 0

should also be ai ai ak equal to 0 Thus

G G as a Ak Cl Lill also be O Therefore we
have proved that there's
only trivial solution to T
Overall we have shown that if S is linearly independent
then T is linearly independent
2 S spans the column spare
If of A then T spans the
column space of B
If S spans A then Vil vis
the column spare of
Vik must be linearly independent Because the
column space of A means the subspace that use
column vectors of A as basis vector Thus Vil vis
vill must be linearly independent In the previous

pan we prove that if S is linearly independentthen

T must be linearly independent Therefore if S spans
the column space of A then T spans the column
spare of B
p