CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

The course allocation system for lecturer is being developed to provide ease handling on course

given for lecturers. A lot of issue has been developed due to this allocation method which has

been conducting manually using software called Microsoft Excel. All lecturers are having their

preferable courses where their expertise field play the most important role on that issue. The

lecturer is the biggest guide for the student lecturing in the courses that students taking on the

semester. It doesn’t mean that all the lecturer can only teach few courses according to their

expertise to be lectured for the students but they also can teach all courses which has not on their

expertise field. Due to that doing on manual course allocation they could not get the preferred

course, due to that a system has to be develop accordingly. The system also minimizes the usage

of paperwork and user friendly for the administrators to log in and edit if any changes required

for the course allocation. The system will print out an output of a list stated for lecturers on their

preferred course.

Over the years allocation of course their credit units and departmental timetable have been

growing from one stage to another and similarly, the procedures and routine embarked on

every semester coupled with the departmental growth compounded the problem of manual

allocation of course their units and thereby delays the registration procedures because some

students paying extra fee as payment that is demanded in addition to the usual charge for

registering their course late, as late payment but computerization or automation of course their

credit units allocation and departmental time provide the most effective reliable and quickest

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services required by the students. Basically, before the invention of computers, computation

were done manually and in the case of the departmental course, their credit units and

departmental timetable, it has caused accelerated progress especially the automation of

department course their credit units and departmental time table. Computer technology has been

accepted as an indispensable innovation in most fields of human endeavour in which

departmental courses is not an exception.

Hence, the efficiency of an organization or establishment would be achieved if they embark on

computer-based system. However, using the computer-based system in place of the manual

system, a charge that is going on in Al-Qalam University Katsina course registration procedure.

It will make the practical insinuation of high technology. This will frame the time needed for

processing of departmental course and attend to other subsequent information needed by the

management system. The important of this researcher is so prominent with the current of

processing the departmental course and suggest a complete efficient and reliable approach that

will be of immense benefit to most higher institutions in general especially to the University.

Actually, this would go a long way to improve their service by exposing and creating awareness

of computer applications.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The current allocation is being done manually which cause inaccurate on the number of courses

given for the lecturer. Other than that, lecturers could not get the preferred course according to

their expertise. Lastly, the courses are difficult to manage according to the changes. It was

studied and discovered that automation of departmental course and the manual system of

allocation course, their credit unit usually waste a lot of time and papa even pen can be reduced

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on the process of arranging it and also improve upon removing such problems. Below are some

of the problems in this system:

1. It delays student registration process.

2. It results to high cost of data processing each semester.

3. it wastes much paper and make filling of form cumbersome

4. It delays other departmental duties that are also important

5. It results to inefficiency of course allocation.

Because of these setbacks’ computer department i.e the case study has continued to leave

activities untended to by the head of department because of volume of work left for him to do

alone.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The objectives are as follows:

1. Designing a system that will be more interactive to students and lecturers.

2. Provide an automatic system that will reduce the work load of staffs

3. The project will also serve as a source of information to students, lecturers and computer

science researchers who would want to engage in such topic.

4. Provide quicker and more efficient services (course allocation) using automated system.

1.4 Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study is aimed at finding out how the use of automated system can help in course allocation

in the College of Science and Technology, Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic, Katsina.

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The study covered only the department of computer science due to some limitations of the

researcher to extend the research to other departments within the University, let alone other

colleges in the Institution, the constraints are as follows:

 Finance: Fund or running around for the data required was in short supply and

consequently hindered further research.

 Time Constraints: Due to the required completion, time of this research work, it was not

possible to extend the research to other departments.

 Complexity: Meanwhile extending the research to other colleges within institution would

lead to completion and complication resulting to un liability of research.

 Cost: Feasibility cost conducting the research in all schools’ departments provide that it is

not feasible for a single student (the researcher) to bear students can continue work on

this research in future until implementation.

1.5 Definition of Terms

In this chapter being the first chapter of this project work certain terms relating to this research

work which may look very irrelevant to somebody from other discipline are defined underneath.

HTML or Hypertext Markup Language: Is a markup language for the web that defines the

structure of web pages. It is one of the most basic.

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Is the set of rules for transferring files -- such as text,

images, sound, video and other multimedia files -- over the web.

TCP/IP: In full Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, standard Internet

communications protocols that allow digital computers to communicate over long distances

Automation: The conversion of manual system to machine (Computer) based system

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Computer: It is a machine mainly an electronic device which accepts the data as an input,

process the data and generate the result as an output.

Credit Unit: This is the number of hours, practical or tutorial or allocated weeks in each

semester.

Head of Department: The “Head” as the name implies the controller of director even the person

or body at the hem of affair in the department.

Technologist: This is the technological craft man that can dissemble and re-assemble any

technical device or machine.

Course: every programme in each department based on arrangement in which course are

evaluated in terms of credit hours. A course consists of a certain number of hours of teachers,

students contact devoted to study in a circumscribed area of the program. This includes lecturers,

tutorial; seminar/workshop period. Some related course which is closely to it may be considered

too wide to be, are usually broken down into or more course, each one having it’s own

designated number of credit hours.

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 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

The automation of college course allocation for most departments in British and American

Union versatile usually involve a large number of requirements and increasingly a complex

structure in terms of course, the minimum and maximum credit units a student ’s can take and

work with the resource available (lecturers, students, Hall and time)

In this system the week requirements are broken down by days using a fairly simple “assignment

to d ay” course and department time table for a specific day throughout the period of the

semester or session. Conflicts/clash should be avoided where possible by carefully checking

severe assigning a course to a particular student’s in a semester.

Students lecture time table has specify is in order to ensure that conflict do not occur, if conflict

cannot be avoided the initial constraints are removed progressively, unit the difficulty is

removed. The main drawback of this approach identification is that, it is expensive on both

computer time an storage

Barralogh, (2017) takes on special pain to avoid conflicts but displaces either in the existing

system (or course, and department time table) to remove them when they occur displaces the

entries which are stored for sub sequent assigning either in the normal way of by interchanging

other entries to permit the insertion of this displaces

It takes time to be improved on the conflict of time tabling on a department with aid of computer.

Britain et al., (2010) recognized many of the problems, strategies and took pain to improve on it

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in their system. This system recognizes strategie s/possibilities a fairly powerful algorithm for

solving the problem of conflict on lecturers, time, halls and course allocation problem in the

computerization. Automation should be interactive, critically with the strategy to be used.

However, the form of data storage to be adopted must be suitable for a complex structure of

course allocation time table in terms of diversity of possible course combination, spacing in

lecture load or the availability of resources.

Moreover, the method of selecting the best requirement to be schedules does not recognizes the

complication arising from an environment. This is somehow unusual in that it combines a

structure of requirements more complicated and complex.

Ville has also described a system developed at the University of Sussa (Obilikwu 2018). This has

taken no special step to avoid conflict and when one arises to restrict the construction of the

course allocation and department time table from scratch in order to ensure that the requirement

causing the conflict should be firstly looked into. This approach is not adequate enough for a

department course allocation and department time table system. Therefore a large number of

potential conflict usually occur. Since, there is no guarantee or assurance that the removal of one

conflict by the use of this method will not pea meat another problem else where the number of

potential conflict in this situation invalidates the assumption that there will be comparatively race

occurrences.

Some of the system described above c an be replaced with a new system of distribution of course,

allocating their credit unit and department time table system. (i.e computerization or automation

of department course and department time table).

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Moreover, the origin an development of computers started years ago, with the brain, as the first

computer.

Computer been analysed by authors to define the full meaning of the device called “computer”

According to Akinlade (2018) a computer is an electronic device which on concept of an

appropriate input is capable of processing the input according to a set of previously supplied

instruction called computer programs. He also said that compute is an electro nic device that has

the ability to accept data, process the data and display the output.

Anderson (2016) stated that computer is an electronic device that is capable of accepting data,

storage data for future reference, retrieving previously stored data processing them under the

control of a set of instruction known as computer program.

Also, Spiel (2013) said that “Computer is devices that accept information applying processes to

information and supplying the result of the input and output devices, storage, arithmetic, logic

unit and central process unit (CPU). Rosenberg (2012) said that “Computer is a function unit that

can perform arithmetic and logic operations without human operation”

Generally, the meaning and definition of computer has been seen from many perspective as an

electronic device which act on instruction, that is to say, computer cannot carryout operation at a

very high speed. It is adoptable versatile and flexible. Work on “Garbage in Garbage out” GIGO)

process”

This implies that whatever you input, will result to the output, it is wrong, definitely the output

be wrong and vice-versa.

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According to Shield (2010), ‘Computerization is a response to a well -documented, fast and

active processing of large volume of information unlike any other creation of human mind”

Finally, Igwe (2013) defined programming as “The name given to the act of writing detailed

instruction sets or codes in a specific language which directs the computer in order to carryout

specific task, he added that before programs are written, a proper planning of the solution in the t

ask is soughed”

The education management refers to improvement of the learning and teaching processes. It also

provides the idea of management education flow of an automated system rather than

transforming it. Information technology is being used to automate the delivery of the information

to the users. (Jarvenpaa, 2011) From this article, the conclusion is to improvise the education

management from the current situation to be automated to help the users to receive the

information.

In addition, another article is focus on a unique experience specifically on a teaching tools or

method which flows under the design of the education management. It also provides the

evaluation of sustainability in management of education which is providing consistency to

integrate the level of education. (Raufflet, 2015) From this article, the conclusion is education

management is a design for the teaching or method used to provide the skills on learning the

teaching.

Moreover, the education management should be upgraded the flow of teaching learning skills

through the design of the education management system. Lastly, the evaluation also provides

information to improvise the teaching method. In addition, the literature review has been

conducting by using the information’s from few articles to collect the ideas of the previous part

on the education management and improvise it and to provide the efficiency and consistent for

9
the system development process. Moreover, it also the information from the sources is

corresponds to the objectives of this project, which are being developed by the developer.

2.1.1 IT Education Management

The is a trend of IT certification which provided for the secondary and post-secondary

institutions student to drive them to viable skills of Information Technology part to provide the

work force and knowledge needed for the management handling and also to make them continue

for higher studies. (Zirkle, 2005) In addition, the journal provides the information for the

education management where it runs under the design of Information Technology to manage it

and improvise it.

Moreover, the information retrieved from the journal provide information to guide an individual

on theory learning process to manage a management of an education. Next, the student also need

an exposure on a real-time management to gain experience to handle the management processes

and also provide opportunities for them to continue their education on the related field to gain

more theoretical studies on Information Technology and the management handling.

Education management are also improvising to an automated system to a new generation of

management handling. Information Technology are taking more intention on most of the

education management sectors due to that more professional IT skilled individual are needed for

the management sectors.

2.1.2 Challenges of Education Management

The pressure impacted by the management is from external business and also the barriers appears

from a series of organizational resources and individual factors according to a journal. (Doherty,

2015) The journal provides a vital information of the range of external pressures which attacks

the management with a great influence on the design of the management. Next, the first pressure

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which impact on the education that weakens the moral responsibility on an individual where it

could destroy their future by leading them to the impropriate activities such as drug, theft and a

lot more.

Secondly, is employer-led pressure which can impact the management orientation and could lead

to diminish the management to reassembly a new management. The decision taken by each

leader of the management should be more precise and effective for the future concern of

education of each individual and the management. Lastly, is the pressure for marketing their

education schools or universities which help them to attract the customers or individuals to enroll

in the education schools. In addition, this is the major factor of pressure which the management

have to handle because it provides the financial part for the education organization to sustain its

position.

2.1.3 Importance of Course Allocation System on Education Industry

The distance of education started with the CCTV technology, which evolved completely into

online courses which surprisingly online education has emerged to major form of e- business.

(Madan, 2017) The journal provides information of the evolvement of education system from

manual methods to automated system. In addition, the course allocation system is more vital

important part because it provides the student to get the lecturing from the specify lecturers on

the related course field and also the lecturers can get the preferred course on their expertise field

of study.

Moreover, the online studies have become a part of business profit to a certain part of business

industry which managing the education management due that the entire syllabus has evolve from

manual to digital phase to enhance the technology in education industry. Lastly, the enhanced

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allocation system is beneficial for the futuristic students to develop their education an also

sustain the education management handing.

2.2.1 Relevance of Computer System in Data Processing: This is any process that uses a

computer program to enter data and summarize, analyze or otherwise convert data into usable

information. The process may be automated and run on a computer. It involves recording,

analyzing, sorting, summarizing, calculating, disseminating and storing data. Because data is

most useful when it is well-presented and it is also informative. Data-processing systems are

often referred to as information systems. Nevertheless, the terms are roughly synonymous,

performing similar conversions; data-processing systems typically manipulate raw data into

information, and likewise information systems typically take raw data as input to produce

information as output. Data processing may or may not be distinguished from data conversion,

when the process is merely to convert data to another format, and does not involve any data

manipulation Feigenbaum, (2020).

2.2.2 Data Analysis: When the domain from which the data are harvested is a science or an

engineering field, data processing and information systems are considered terms that are too

broad and the more specialized term data analysis is typically used. This is a focus on the highly-

specialized and highly-accurate algorithmic derivations and statistical calculations that are less

often observed in the typical general business environment. In these contexts data analyses

packages like DAP, or PSPP are often used. This divergence of culture is exhibited in the typical

numerical representations used in data processing versus numerical; data processing's

measurements are typically represented by integers or by fixed-point or binary-coded decimal

representations of numbers whereas the majority of data analysis's measurements are often

represented by floating-point representation of rational numbers (Anigbogu, 2012).

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2.2.3 Processing: Practically all naturally occurring processes can be viewed as examples of

data processing systems where "observable" information in the form of pressure, light, etc. are

converted by human observers into electrical signals in the nervous system as the senses we

recognize as touch, sound, and vision. Even the interaction of non-living systems may be viewed

in this way as rudimentary information processing systems. Conventional usage of the terms data

processing and information systems restricts their use to refer to the algorithmic derivations,

logical deductions, and statistical calculations that recur perennially in general business

environments, rather than in the more expansive sense of all conversions of real-world

measurements into real-world information say, an organic biological system. Kling, (2017).

2.3 The Features of Course Allocation Processing

According to McCorduck (2013) processing course allocation data can be said to have the

following features for manual as well as electronic. The features are:

1. Collecting Data in the First Place: There must be data to process and this may arise in the

course of operations. There has to be a system or procedure for ensuring that all the data needed

for processing is collected and made available for processing.

2. The Routine Dissemination of Information to Users: This includes routine management

control of information and comparing the actual course allocation. Providing non-routine

information to users on request.

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 CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

This chapter provides the methods used to identify and help the developer on the development of

system or software for their client. Moreover, there two parts of method used for the

development of the system which are software development method and data collection method.

For the software development method there are few methodologies such as rational unified

process (RUP), prototype and many more to be chosen by the developer to develop and produce

the system for the clients. So, the developer has to choose the methodology wisely according to

their system needs and for the future enhancement of the system. For this project, the

methodology chosen for the development of the system is Rational Unified Process (RUP). RUP

method is an object-oriented methodology which used for online system developing. In addition,

the developer rectifies and chose this methodology to help on the development stages of the

system. RUP method consists of four phases which are inception phase, elaboration phase,

construction phase and transition phase in addition the data collection method also has a few

methods to obtain the source of requirement such as the questionnaire and interview. The method

chosen by the developer for gathering the information is questionnaire and interview.

3.2 Data Collection Methods

The data collection method is used to collect the information from the user. The methods used

for this part are questionnaire and interview. The questionnaire is a set of questions about the

system will be distributed to the lecturers and administration office staff who will be the user for

the course allocation system users. The developer performs this method to recognize the real

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problem faced by the users in the current course allocation method, according to that the

developer will hand in the best solution by providing their clients with the possible course

allocation system to minimize the errors or inconsistency of data.

3.3 Data Analysis Method

Data analysis method is an evaluation of data which has been collected from the data collection

method such as questionnaires and interview. It also helps to identify the errors occurred in the

existing data collected. The data will be classified into few types of variable categories. After the

classification of variable, it will have analyzed by focusing on a variable and also the approach

method of frequency and diagrams. For this project, the developer suggests applying this

approach to rectify the analysis method and also the best solution for the diagrams is histogram

or pie chart.

3.4 Software Development Model

Software development models are the various processes or methodologies that are being

selected for the development of software depending on the project’s aims and goals. There are

many development life cycle models that have been developed in order to achieve different

required objectives. Some includes ; Waterfall model, V model, Incremental model, RAD model,

Agile model, Iterative model, Spiral model etc.

In this project, the researcher adopted Waterfall model in developing the system

3.5 Waterfall Model

Water fall model is a process model that is used in system development. In Water fall

model each phase in the cause of development must be completed fully before the next phase

begin. The diagram below shows the different phases used in this project.

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 Analysis

Design

Development

Testing

Figure 3.3.1 the Phases of the Flowchart Model

3.6 Justificatin For The Chosen Model (Waterfall)

Although Waterfall model is not without some criticisms, the researcher decided to adopt the

model due to some of the following reasons:

 The model is simple and easy to understand and use.

 It is easy to manage due to the rigidity of the model – each phase has specific deliverables

and a review process.

 In this model phases are processed and completed one at a time. Phases do not overlap.

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  Waterfall model works well for smaller projects where requirements are very well

understood

At the end of each phase, a review takes place to determine if the project is on the right path and

whether or not to continue or discard the project. The following described how the different

phases were visited during the project.

3.7 Analysis Phase

This phase encompasses those tasks that go into determining the needs or conditions to

meet for the automated system, the requirement of the system were enlisted analysed and

documented.

Some of the functional requirements of the automated system are as follows;

1. Control access of users of the System.

2. Retrieve, update and remove customer’s information.

3. Enquiries form for Acceptance and retrieval of different request

4. Report details of food made by the restaurant

5. Database record of all transactions

The above requirements are gathered and documented. These requirements are measurable,

testable, traceable, related to identified business needs or opportunities, and defined to a level of

detail sufficient for system design.

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3.8 Design Phase

This can be express as the process of planning or creating a new system with the intention

of the either to take over the activities carried out by an existing system, or to serve as

complement to the existing system.

After studying the manual system, work begin on the designing of the system. Designing

activities include a number of individual tasks that a system analyst must perform to design a

new system. System design is the activity of proceeding from an identified set of requirements

for a system to design that meets those requirements.

However, during system design, the problem to be solved would be properly defined, using the

output of the system analysis.

The requirements are partitioned into either hardware or software system. This process is termed

system design (i.e the process of defining the hardware and software architecture, user interfaces,

input, database, outputs, procedure and program, file or database components etc.). There are

many tools that are mostly used in designing the new system to outline the logic of a program

which include the following.

a. Flowchart: This is the graphical or diagrammatical presentation of the logical steps

required to solve a systematic problem. It consist of special geometric symbols connected

by arrows. Within each symbol is a phase presenting the activity at that steps. The shape

of the symbol indicate the type of operation that is to occur

b. Pseudo code: This are English like used codes with some visual basic terms to outline the

task. They are used to clear the outline logic plan of the program.

c. Hierarchy chart: This shows how different parts of a program relate to each other.

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 d. Algorithm: This is the step by step solution for solving a specific program.

3.9.1 Development Phase

The system is designed using the programming language know as programming language

tools, in this context the web development tools will be employed to structure the web pages, and

make a new software system. The following are the tools that will be used in the process of

designing the system.

Front-end

3.9.2 PHP

PHP is a general-purpose scripting language especially suited to web development. It was

originally created by Danish-Canadian programmer Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994. The PHP reference

implementation is now produced by The PHP Group. PHP originally stood for Personal Home

Page, but it now stands for the recursive initialize PHP: Hypertext Pre-processor.

PHP code is usually processed on a web server by a PHP interpreter implemented as a module, a

daemon or as a Common Gateway Interface (CGI) executable. On a web server, the result of the

interpreted and executed PHP code – which may be any type of data, such as generated HTML

or binary image data – would form the whole or part of an HTTP response. Various web

template systems, web content management systems, and web frameworks exist which can be

employed to orchestrate or facilitate the generation of that response. Additionally, PHP can be

used for many programming tasks outside of the web context, such as standalone graphical

applications and robotic drone control.

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3.9.3 HTML

Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML) is the standard mark-up language for documents

designed to be displayed in a web browser. It can be assisted by technologies such as Cascading

Style Sheets (CSS) and scripting languages such as JavaScript.

Web browsers receive HTML documents from a web server or from local storage and render the

documents into multimedia web pages. HTML describes the structure of a web page

semantically and originally included cues for the appearance of the document.

HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages. With HTML constructs, images and

other objects such as interactive forms may be embedded into the rendered page. HTML

provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as

headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items.

3.9.4 My SQL

MySQL is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). Its name is a

combination of “My”, the name of co-founders Michael Wideness’s daughter, and "SQL", the

abbreviation for Structured Query Language. A relational database organizes data into one or

more data tables in which data types may be related to each other; these relations help structure

the data. SQL is a language programmers use to create, modify and extract data from the

relational database, as well as control user access to the database. In addition to relational

databases and SQL, an RDBMS like MySQL works with an operating system to implement a

relational database in a computer's storage system, manages users, allows for network access and

facilitates testing database integrity and creation of backups.

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3.10 Testing Phase

System testing of software or hardware is testing conducted on a complete integrated

system to evaluate the system compliance with its specified requirements.

It should be noted that the Unit testing, Integration testing, System testing as well as

functionality testing were carried out during the entire development process.

As a rule, system testing takes as its input all of the” integrated” software component that have

passed both unit and integrated testing and also the software system itself integrated with any

applicable hardware system(s).

3.11.1 Justification of the New System

It is the purpose of the new system to address all the problems plaguing the present system.

This system will do the analysing and storing of information either automatically or interactively.

It will make use of PHP, My SQL. This will be like this: a report is generated conforming to

particular information needed by the management via the monitor. This will require the input of

necessary data and record of the payroll management and then a report is generated.

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 CHAPTER FOUR

SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 System Design

The system design procures a physical design of the automated course and credit unit

allocation. The physical design describes the hardware, software and operating procedures that

enable the automated course allocation system logical becomes feasible. The allocation system

of computer department is organized according to the need of the activities of the HODs Offices,

taking into consideration the fact that different programme run in the department with different

course performed during the system design which includes output design, process design and

software design.

4.2 Validation of the Software

The system validation was conducted together with the users of the software, where they agreed

on the outcomes of the software hundred percent.

4.3 System Requirement

The tools that are used for designed the system include database My Structured Query Language

(MySQL), hypertext pre processor (PHP), hypertext markup language (HTML), and Cascading

style sheet (CSS). So many system models was used in this analysis such include Flowchart, use

case diagram, and hiarachy design of the system.

Microsoft visio is a software provide a user with the tools to design system models such as

flowchart, data flow diagram, use case diagram etc.

Use case model is a software model that can be develoved with microsoft visio to show the

interation between actors and the system.

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Interfaces are shown below:

4.4.1 Index Page

This is the first page that will displayed whenever run the system it comprise of many functions

and interfaces, in this case Admin Login interface where an admin can login to the system using

his/her credentials (username and password) for authentication in order to assess his/her rights

and privileges provided specifically for him/her, also the page contain a section for new user

registration where a new staff of the medical record department can register for him/her the

assess the right and privilege assigned to him/her, and also the page contained the section for

dashboard where a list of menus are provided to users for navigation or making a full use or

taking the advantages of the system such include Login, About, Contact us. etc.

4.4.2 User Login page

User login page helps maintains security of the system. Only registered users would have access

to the application. The list of authorized users is drawn automatically from the database. Each

user having his/her own password without which the user would not access. Input the username

and the respect password. Hence, the authentication process is case sensitive and as a result,

these letters have to be typed exactly as they are unless the user would not have access.

Customer Information/Registration Page: this is the page that contain the details of a customer,

the page contain the submit button that use to save the record of the customer after the fields has

been fielded with the customer details.

4.5.1 User Requirement

A user with a little IT skills who is able to operate computer or even a smart phone can use this

particular software as all its operations are straightforward.

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4.5.2 Functional Requirements

Authentication Login

The user can login to the web application of online course allocation for his/her username and

password.

4.5.3 Logout

The user can log out from the system. Login failure- If the user does not exist in the database or

the user has not yet being authorized by the admin.

4.5.4 Authorization User Role Check

After logging in, the user role will be checked from the database and the user(s) interface will be

displayed according to their role.

4.5.5 Process Data Display

User with defined roles can display the content of the database.

Being more specific, Admin can only view the record of all the course allocation registration

information, add course allocation, view course allocation and others.

4.6 Non-Functional Requirements

Performance requirements: There is no restriction on the number of the users to be added to the

database. Hardware requirements systems should be able to work on a computer with the

following minimum hardware specifications:

4.7 Hardware Requirements

OS: Windows XP/Vista/7/8 and Linux

CPU: Pentium III (700MHz) and above Memory: 128 MB and above

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Capacity: 4GB of hard drive others: Network interface card, mouse, keyboard, and monitor.

4.8 Software Requirements

Since course allocation system is a web-based application, its need to be designed well

presentable using some special colours and clear descriptions of the titles so that it can be easier

to understand by the users of it with the minimal training effort.

4.9 Interface of the New System

The design definitely required certain data before it can produce anything, some of the input data

are “username” and “Password” for login interface to the system. The input interfaces are shown

below:

4.9.1 Login

4.9.1 Index Page

This is the first page that will displayed whenever run the system it comprise of many functions

and interfaces, in this case Admin Login interface where an admin can login to the system using

his/her credentials (username and password) for authentication in order to assess his/her rights

and privileges provided specifically for him/her, also the page contain a section for dashboard

where a list of menus are provided to users for navigation or making a full use or taking the

advantages of the system such include Login, About, Contact us etc.

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 Fig 4.1:Index Page Of The New System

4.9.2 Courses Form

User login page helps maintains security of the system. Only registered users would have access

to the application. The list of authorized users is drawn automatically from the database. Each

user having his/her own password without which the user would not access. Input the username

and the respect password. Hence, the authentication process is case sensitive and as a result,

these letters have to be typed exactly as they are unless the user would not have access.

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 Fig 4.2: Courses Form

4.9.3 Lecturers Form

This is a page that display the information of the lecturer which the lecturer can be add or

remove if the need arise.

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 Fig 4.3: Lecturers Form

4.9.3 Course Allocation System

This is a page shows the course allocation system of the lecturers and also all the course in the

department to allow easy allocation of course to the lecturers.

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 Fig 4.4: Dashboard of The New System

4.10 Database Design

Database design is a collection of steps that help with designing, creating, implementing, and

maintaining a business data management system. The main purpose of designing a database is to

produce physical and logical models of design for the proposed database system.

Fig 4.5: Database Design Page

4.11 Programming Flowchart:

We have noted in 4.01 under output design that computers can neither think nor make judgment

of their own, as they can only do what they are ask to do. Therefore, in solving any problem

using the computer, the person to direct the computer on what to do (programmer) must be

familiar with the problem and the way in which it has to be solved, This assertion goes to stress

the point that the most important task in programming is not merely the preparation of

instruction for the computer to solve a given problem, which when presented in a number of

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logical steps gives rise to what is called.

Algorithm: algorithm is the logical step by step that leads to a solution or otherwise of a given

problem can be clarified further for the programme by the use of flow chart. Hence, flowchart

could be defined as the graphical representation of a flow of data in information processing.

Program flow chart gives the steps involve in obtaining the solution to a given problem. In other

words, it is the symbolical representation of steps necessary in findings solution to a given

problem. Usually, program flow chart are developed from the problem of algorithm. However,

when problems that are not quite complex are involved i.e. (does not involve lengthy and

complicated programs) a program flow chart can be drawn directly. (Anigbogu 1999).

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 PROGRAM FLOW CHART

STAR

Input “Password” PS

PRINT “ACCES DENIED”

PRINT:X MAIN MENU X

1. DEPARTMENTAL ALLOCATION
2. CERTIFICATE PROGRAM ALLOCATION
3. SERVICE COURSE
4. EXIT

Passed

Failed
STOP

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 CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Summary

Automation of course allocation a system that will improve the organization and learning process

in the department and even in the school at large. However, user are expected to log into the

system to view the course which they are been assign for a particular course, this is however,

notwithstanding the location in which they are, once the application is install in their computer

system. This system will enable lecturers not to miss their classes and also help them to organize

their schedules. Therefore, this application is going to improve the standard of learning and

teaching in the department.

5.2 Conclusion

The work is done, the program is also tested and debugged, therefore the analyst has fulfilled his

aim which is carryout, designing and implementing this Automation of Department Course

Allocation.

5.3 Recommendation

The analyst reaches this point of concluding and even certain recommendations for anybody that

use the automated Course, their credit unit is allocation department time table system including

any person that wishes to carry out such project in future. The automation of department time

table system just like ever information system have the objective of making application

development easier, cheaper, faster and more flexible.

Therefore, the passport system will greatly enhance efficiency in the operation of computer

department, Al-Qalam University Katsina. I really recommend that the system should be tested

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and if found useful and developing, it should be implemented in order departments to make the

job load of the head of departments within the school (Al-Qalam University Katsina) to be easy.

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