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Population and Sampling

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Hillary Rose Calipayan
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14 views23 pages

Population and Sampling

Uploaded by

Hillary Rose Calipayan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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It is any complete group (i.e.

, people, sales territories,


stores, etc.) sharing a common set of characteristics. It can
be defined as including all people or items with the
characteristic one wish to understand and draw inferences
about them.
-It is a subset or a part of a larger population. It is “a smaller (but
hopefully representative) collection of units from a population
used to determine truths about that population” (Creswell, 2015).

-The method by which you select the sample.

-is a statistical procedure that is concerned with the selection of


certain individual observation from the target population.
- It refers to the technique or procedure used by the

researcher for selecting items as samples from the

population or universe.
• Who will be surveyed? (the sample)

• How many people will be surveyed? (sample size)

• How should the sample be chosen? (sampling)


1. Probability Sampling is based on chance events
(such as random numbers, flipping a coin etc.).
- type of sample wherein members of the population
have equal chance to be selected as subject in the
research.
Simple Stratified
Cluster Systematic
Random Random
Sampling Sampling
Sampling Sampling
❑ Every member of the population has a known and equal
chance of being selected.
❑ Foundation of all probability sampling procedures.

❑ A table of random number or lottery system is used to


determine which units are to be selected.
❑ relies on arranging the target population
according to some ordering scheme and
then selecting elements at regular intervals
through that ordered list.

❑ Systematic sampling involves a random


start and then proceeds with the selection
of every kth element from then onwards. In
this case, k = (population size/sample size)
❑ Population is divided into mutually exclusive groups such as age
groups and random samples are drawn from each group.

❑ Selecting random samples from mutually exclusive


subpopulations, or strata, of the population.
Procedure:

i. Determine the proportion of each stratum relative to the population.

ii. Identify the stratum sample sizes using proportional allocation.

iii. Select the samples from each stratum using either simple or

systematic random sampling.


Example:
Among the 250 employees of the local
office of an international insurance company,
182 are Filipinos, 51 are Chinese,
and 17 are Americans. If we use proportional
allocation to select a stratified random
grievance committee of 15
employees, how many employees
must we take from each race?
❑ The population is divided into
mutually exclusive groups such as
blocks, and the researcher draws a
sample of the group to interview.
❑ Selecting clusters of elements
rather than individual elements.
1. Purposive 2.Snowball 3. Quota 4.Convenience
Sampling Sampling Sampling Sampling
2. Non-probability Sampling
❑ based on researcher's choice, population that is accessible and
available.
❑ Involves the selection of elements based on assumptions
regarding the population of interest, which forms the criteria for
selection.
❑Prone to selection bias.
1. Purposive Sampling

❑ The researcher chooses the sample based on who they

think would be appropriate for the study.

❑ This is used primarily when there is a limited number of

people that have expertise in the area being researched.


2. Convenience Sampling
❑ Sometimes known as grab or opportunity sampling or
accidental or haphazard sampling.
❑ involves the sample being drawn from that part of the
population which is close to hand. That is, readily
available and convenient.
2. Convenience Sampling
❑ To draw a convenience sample, a researcher simply
collects data from those people or other relevant
elements to which he or she has most convenient
access.
❑ This type of sampling is most useful for pilot testing
2. Convenience Sampling
Example: An interviewer is to conduct a survey at a
shopping center early in the morning on a given day, the
people that he/she could interview would be limited to
those given there at that given time, which would not
represent the views of other members of society in such
an area.
3. Snowball Sampling
❑ Snowball sampling is sometimes referred to as
chain referral sampling.
❑ Useful when a population is hidden or difficult to
gain access to.
❑ The contact with an initial group is used to make
contact with others.
4. Quota Sampling

❑ Selecting sample elements nonrandomly according to some

fixed quota.

❑ Aim is to sample reflecting proportions of population in

different categories or quotas (e.g. gender, age, ethnicity).

❑ Used often in market and opinion poll research.

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