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Lec 4 Assignment

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Sidra Iqbal
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73 views23 pages

Lec 4 Assignment

Uploaded by

Sidra Iqbal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment -2

U-TUBE MANOMETER Air relief valve to measure


absolute pressure
U-TUBE DIFFERENTIAL MANOMETER
The “U”-tube manometer can be connected at both ends to measure pressure
difference between these two points i.e. two different pipes

X X
U-TUBE DIFFERENTIAL MANOMETER
At 2 different levels within a pipe
INVERTED U-TUBE DIFFERENTIAL
MANOMETER
PROBLEM # 1
Diver descends from the surface of the sea to a depth of 30 m. What would be
the pressure under which the diver would be working above that at the surface
assuming that the density of sea water is 1025 kg m−3 and remains constant?

• Solution
• In equation (2.4), taking sea level as datum, z1 = 0. Since z2 is lower then z1
the value
• of z2 is −30 m. Substituting these values and putting ρ = 1025 kg m−3:
• Increase of pressure = p2 − p1
• = −1025 × 9.81(−30 − 0) = 301.7 × 103 N m−2.
PROBLEM # 2
The pressure intensity at a point in a fluid is given 3.924 N/cm2. find the
corresponding height of fluid when the fluid is
a) water
b) oil of sp.gr. 0.9
PROBLEM # 3
An open tank contains water upto a depth of 2m and above it an oil of sp. gr. 0.9
for a depth of 1m. Find the pressure intensity
a) At the interface of the two liquids
b) At the bottom of the tank
PROBLEM # 4
The diameters of a small piston and a large piston of a hydraulic jack are 3 cm
and 10 cm respectively. A force of 80 N is applied on the small piston. Find the
load lifted by the large piston when:
a) The pistons are at the same level
b) Small piston is 40 cm above the large piston
the density of the liquid in the jack is given as 1000 kg/m3
PROBLEM # 5
A cylinder contains a fluid at a gauge pressure of 350 kN m−2. Express this
pressure in terms of a head of (a) water (ρH2O = 1000 kg m−3), (b) mercury
(relative density 13.6). What would be the absolute pressure in the cylinder if
the atmospheric pressure is 101.3kNm−2?

• Solution
Since p = ρgh , h = ρg/p = 35.67 m of water
Ρmercury = 1000 x 13.6 = 13600 kg m−3
h of mercury = ρg/p = 2.62 m of mercury
Pabs = Pgauge + Patm = 350+101.3 = 451.3KN/m2
PROBLEM # 6
What is the maximum gauge pressure of water that can be measured by means
of a piezometer tube 2 m high? (Mass density of water ρH2O = 103 kg m−3.)
PROBLEM # 7
A U-tube manometer similar to that shown is used to measure the gauge pressure of a
fluid P of density ρ = 800 kg m−3. If the density of the liquid Q is 13.6 × 103 kg m−3,
what will be the gauge pressure at A if
(a) h1 = 0.5 m and D is 0.9 m above BC,
(b) h1 = 0.1 m and D is 0.2 m below BC?

Solution
(a) ρman = 13.6 × 103 kg m−3, ρ = 0.8 × 103 kg m−3, h1 = 0.5 m, h2 = 0.9 m; therefore:
PA = 13.6 × 103 × 9.81 × 0.9 − 0.8 × 103 × 9.81 × 0.5 = 116.15 × 103 N m−2.
(b) Putting h1 = 0.1 m and h2 = −0.2 m, since D is below BC:
PA = 13.6 × 103 × 9.81 × (−0.2) − 0.8 × 103 × 9.81 × 0.1 = −27.45 × 103 N m−2,
the negative sign indicating that PA is below atmospheric pressure.
PROBLEM # 8
A U-tube manometer is arranged, as shown, to measure the pressure difference between
two points A and B in a pipeline conveying water of density ρ = ρH2O = 103 kg m−3. The
density of the manometric liquid Q is 13.6 × 103 kg m−3, and point B is 0.3 m higher than
point A. Calculate the pressure difference when h = 0.7 m.
PROBLEM # 9
An inverted U-tube of the form shown is used to measure the pressure difference between
two points A and B in an inclined pipeline through which water is flowing (ρH2O = 103 kg m−3).
The difference of level h = 0.3 m, a = 0.25 m and b = 0.15 m. Calculate the pressure difference
PB − PA if the top of the manometer is filled with (a) air, ( b) oil of relative density 0.8.
Solution
In either case, the pressure at XX will be the same in both limbs, so that
PXX = PA − ρga − ρmangh = PB − ρg(b + h),
PB − PA = ρg(b − a) + gh(ρ − ρman).
(a) If the top is filled with air ρman is negligible compared with ρ. Therefore,
PB − PA = ρg(b − a) + ρgh = ρg(b − a + h).
Putting ρ = ρH2O = 103 kg m−3, b = 0.15 m, a = 0.25 m, h = 0.3 m:
PB − PA = 103 × 9.81(0.15 − 0.25 + 0.3) = 1.962 × 103 N m−2.
(b) If the top is filled with oil of relative density 0.8, ρman = 800 kgm−3.
PB − PA = ρg(b − a) + gh(ρ − ρman)
= 103 × 9.81(0.15 − 0.25) + 9.81 × 0.3 × 103(1 − 0.8) N m−2
= 103 × 9.81(−0.1 + 0.06) = −392.4 N m−2
PROBLEM # 10
A simple U-tube manometer containing mercury is connected to a pipe in which a fluid
of sp. gr. 0.8 and having vacuum pressure is flowing. The other end of the manometer
is open to atmosphere. Find the vacuum pressure in pipe, if the difference of mercury
level in the two limbs is 40cm and the height of fluid in the left from the centre of pipe
is 15cm below.
PROBLEM # 11
A U-tube manometer is used to measure the pressure of water in a pipe line, which is in
excess of atmospheric pressure. The right limb of manometer contains mercury and is
open to atmosphere. The contact between water and mercury is in the left limb. Determine
the pressure of water in the main line, if the difference in level of mercury in the limbs of
U-tube is 10cm and free surface of mercury is in level with the centre of the pipe.
If the pressure of water in pipe line is reduced to 9810 N/m2 , calculate the new difference
in the level of mercury. Sketch the arrangements in both cases.

Solution:
12360.6 Pa
8.016 cm
PROBLEM # 12
A conical vessel having its outlet at A to which a U-tube manometer is connected. The
reading of the manometer given in the figure shows when vessel is empty. Find the
reading of the manometer when the vessel is completely filled with water.
PROBLEM # 13
In the figure below two pipes containing
the same fluid of density 990 kg/m3 are
connected using a U-tube manometer.
What is the pressure between the two
pipes if the manometer contains fluid of
relative density 13.6?

*1000

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