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Lesson 1

I have to study about jt

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25 views7 pages

Lesson 1

I have to study about jt

Uploaded by

hannanbagel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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2 INTRODUCTION FOR ROBOTICS BASICS

2.1 Introduction

This chapter explains automation system and different types of automation. Why
we need robots in our life. What kind of advantages we can receive from robots
by viewing robot applications and the quality that can be provided by comparison
to human work.

2.2 Automation

Hard automation: This kind of automation cannot handle product design


variations, mass production for example; conventional machinery, packaging,
sewing and manufacturing small parts. Adjustability is possible but it can only
handle specific tasks with no possibility of changing its own task. These
machines can be seen in our homes (washing machines, dish washers, etc).

Programmable Automation: This form of automation began with the arrival of


the computer. People began programming machines to do a variety of tasks. It is
flexible because of a computer control, can handle variations, batch product, and
product design.

Autonomous (Independent): Endowed with a decision making capability


through the use of sensors. A robot belongs to this kind of automation and it is a
combination of microprocessor and conventional automation systems which can
provide a very powerful system. Its high level machinery capabilities combined
with fault recognition and correction abilities provided by highly evolved
computer systems. This means it can carry out work traditionally carried out by
humans. Examples of existing autonomous systems are animals and human
beings.

Animals when they see food they move toward it using sense of smell or they
escape when they react against danger due to senses of fear (sensors).

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Human beings are the highest level of autonomous systems because they think
and they can change plan at any moment due to their high intelligence.

Robots cannot reach the same high level as humans because they are
programmed to do certain tasks according to certain factors which are completely
programmed by human beings, but they have no possibilities to change plan like
humans or plan new things unless the programmer programs them to change the
plan. Because of high development of machines, sensors, actuator, digital
electronics and microprocessor technology it became possible to create a robot
which is autonomous (Teijo Lahtinen, Lecture at Lahti University of Applied
Sciences 2009).

2.3 Robot applications in our lives

Welding Considered as a dangerous task for a human because of toxic gases


emissions.

Picture2. 1 Welding robot examples in car factory


(www.robot-welding.com)

The welding job is quite difficult for a person who is required to weld two pipes
from different sides and angles and to sit in a difficult position for a long time. It
can be hard on ones physic and can cause health problems for the worker. The

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difficulty for a human is to see all the sides of welded devices when he needs to
weld around a pipe as he can only see one side of the pipe.
Painting has similar problems to welding due to the use of toxic chemical
products. Below is an example picture 2.2 of a factory robot painting a car as it
moves slowly along a conveyer.

Picture 2.2 Painting robot examples in car factory


(YASKAWA MOTOMAN, www.yaskawamotoman.co.uk)

Assembly operation: When we assemble a chip we need to be very precise


because of very fine wires which require very precise and accurate tasks which a
human cannot handle but, on the other hand, is easy for a robot.

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Picture 1.3 Assembly robot examples in car factory
(DIRECT INDUSTRY, www.directindustry.com)

Consistent quality at high standards can be achieved by a robot. A robot can


easily be re- programmed many times to reach the highest possible quality which
a human cannot often achieve.

Safety is especially important when a robot handles chemicals, bio chemicals,


toxic and nuclear products. They can be handled very safely and smoothly,
saving humans from carrying out high risk, stress inducing work.

Robots can carefully handle fragile and tiny parts, such as glass, small chips
and wires.

Inspection and maintenance tasks in dangerous areas: for example handling


explosives, exploring the deep sea, space and other planets. One example is the
shipwrecked Titanic. A robot was used to discover the ships content as it lay so
deep under the ocean it was beyond human reach.

Space missions: to gather samples from other planets and to analyze them from
remote distances.

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2.4 Types of robot

1. Industrial robots. painting and welding robots


Advantages of a painting robot:
Robot painting is equal, uniform with high quality and precision. It can reach
very difficult places due to their high degree of flexibility which can be
difficult for humans, but can be achieved easily by robots. A human needs to
carry heavy painting gun and wear a mask for protection against toxic
chemicals. A robot´s repetition rate is high as it does not suffer from fatigue.
Safety levels which can be achieved by using a robot are high by saving
humans from the smell chemical toxics.

2. Medical robot to make surgery

Picture2. 4 One example of a medical robot


(LAGADIC www.irisa.fr)

Advantages of a medical robot:

Patient gets fast recovery. The operation is more precise with fewer mistakes.
Robot can open small incisions in the body and carry out major operations with
minimal damage to the patient. Therefore recovery time is decreased. The
equipment is more hygienic and safe.

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3. Mobile robot with legs or wheel for chemical power plant, under see
or remote areas and bombs fields. The advantage in leg robot is that it
can avoid step over obstacles which can be dangerous like bomb or
even to protect objects from being destroyed due to robot moving over
them.

Picture2. 5 Leg robot picture


(http://whollysblog.com/wordpress/tag/robot/) Picture 2.6 Example of mobile robot
(http://www.globalsecurity.org)

4. Robotics aircrafts and boats without pilot which are guided from a
station on the ground, which are used by army or rescue mission.

Figure 2.7 example of a robot aircraft


( http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2008/03/pilots-yanked-o/)

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5. Robotic toys for entertainment

Picture 2.8 Toy robot example


( http://www.questionanswers.info/2010/08/introduction-robots-types-robots-working-process-
robots/)

6. Robot for cleaning at home and industry

Picture 2.9 Vacuum cleaner robot


(http://www.alansanchezmedia.com/robot-vacuum-cleaners.html)

2.5 Required studies in robotics


It is multidimensional area which uses almost all of the engineering studies.
These studies are mechanical engineering, electronic sensors, actuators, computer
sciences and artificial intelligence

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