Applied 4

Practical Research 2
Senior High School (SHS) Unit
 As we embark on this new academic
journey together, we begin with a prayer
for the grace of openness and growth. May
the Holy Spirit keep us brave and
discerning in facing circumstances that
allow us to learn, unlearn, and relearn, so
we may become better every day.

Let the value of community guide our

actions to lead others for the greater good.
Artwork from SacredSpace.com
o Collects data using
appropriate instruments
(quantitative); and

o Collects data through

observation and
interviews.
o Family Feud
Game
o Discussion
o Growth
Community
1. What is the primary purpose of the
introduction section in a research paper?

A. To present the study's findings

B. To outline the research methodology
C. To summarize the literature review
D. To provide background information and
state the research problem
2. A knowledge gap in research refers to:

A. Lack of financial resources

B. Problems with the research design
C. Issues with data collection techniques
D. Areas where little or no information is
available
3. Which of the following is a step in
Creswell's Model of Deficiency?

A. Formulating hypotheses
B. Stating the research problem
C. Identifying the literature review
D. Outlining the study's limitations
4. A significant amount of research has been
conducted on urban water management, but
there is a lack of studies focusing on water
management in rural areas. What type of
research gap does this example represent?

A. Population gap
B. Theoretical gap
C. Methodological gap
D. Practical-Knowledge Conflict gap
5. The researcher states, "This study will
investigate the impact of social media usage on
the academic performance of high school
students. What purpose does this statement
serve in the research?
A. To present the research findings
B. To summarize the literature review
C. To provide background information
D. To outline the research methodology
 INSERT YOUR RESEARCH TITLE HERE

Insert your names here (First Name MI. Surname)

Introduction
Background of the Study
Insert your background of the study here. Follow the format (Georgia, 11,
double space).
Framework of the Study
Research Problem
Hypothesis
Definition of Terms
Significance of the Study
Scope and Limitation of the Study
Framework of the Study
o A research framework is a set of concepts, principles, and
guidelines that shape and guide your research process.
o It helps you to define your research problem, objectives,
questions, hypotheses, assumptions, and limitations.
o It also helps you to choose your research design, methods, data
collection, analysis, and interpretation.
o A research framework can be derived from a theory, a model, a
paradigm, or a perspective.
 Conceptual Framework
o It illustrates the expected relationship between your variables.
o It defines the relevant objectives for your research process and maps
out how they come together to draw coherent conclusions.

How To Make Conceptual Framework in 4 Steps?

1. Identify the Important Variables of Your Study

2. Think About How the Variables Are Related
3. Analyze and Determine Other Influencing Variables
4. Create a Visual Diagram or a Model
Independent- is a framework used in research to
dependent variable understand the relationship
model between variables.

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

• Treatment A: Charcoal
from carbonized corn husk
with holes
• Treatment B: Charcoal • Boiling time of water
from carbonized corn husk • Cooking time of rice
without holes.
• Control Treatment:
Commercial charcoal
Let’s try:
Examining the Impact of Organic Fertilizer on the
Growth Rate of Bell Peppers (Capsicum annuum)

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

• Quantity of Organic • Growth Rate of Bell

Fertilizer Pepper
Input-Process- understanding systems and processes by
Output (IPO) outlining the flow from inputs through
model processes to outputs
Example Title: Level of Satisfaction of College Students Using
Google Classroom as an Online Learning Platform
Input-Process-Output (IPO) model
Example Title: Level of Effectiveness of Corn (Zea mays) Silk
Ethanol Extract as an Antioxidant
Concept A concept map is a helpful visual diagram if
Map multiple variables affect one another.
Ex. Lived Experiences of Medical Health Workers During
Community Quarantine
Ex. Factors Affecting the Satisfaction Level of Community
Inhabitants
 Theoretical Framework
o It is a foundational review of existing theories that serve as a
roadmap for developing the arguments you will use in your work.
Ex: Self-Efficacy Theory
o Proposed by Albert
Bandura, this theory
focuses on an
individual's belief in their
ability to succeed in
specific situations or
accomplish tasks.
o Example Study: Examine
the relationship between
athletic self-efficacy and
academic self-efficacy
among student athletes.
To put it all together …

Conceptual Theoretical
Framework helps you Framework provides a
organize and focus solid foundation by
your study by showing connecting your study
the key concepts and to existing theories,
their relationships. helping you explain why
things might happen as
they do.
Formulating Research Question
Qualitative research aims to explore phenomena, understand
experiences, and meanings through descriptions and interpretations.
o Start with "What", "How", or "Why": These question starters help
delve into experiences, perceptions, and meanings.
o Avoid Yes/No Answers: Ensure questions cannot be answered with
a simple "yes" or "no".
1. How do teachers perceive the use of technology in enhancing
student engagement in classroom learning?
2. What are the experiences of students transitioning from
traditional to online learning environments during the COVID-19
pandemic?
Formulating Research Question
Quantitative research aims to measure variables and relationships
objectively, using statistical methods to analyze numerical data.
o Start with "What is the effect of...“ or “Is there a relationship
between...“.These question starters clarify the variables and
relationships being studied.

1. Is there a significant correlation between hours spent on sports

participation and grades among high school students?
2. Is there a significant difference in customer satisfaction between
fast-food chains using mobile banking services and those
without?
Research Problem

Generally, this study aims to understand the candle making vocation

of the Ati Community in Tigbauan.
Specifically, this study aims to answer the following:
1. What are the factors that affect the income of the Ati community in
Tigbauan, Iloilo from making candles?
2. What are the actions that should be taken in order to increase the income
of the Ati community, from Tigbauan, Iloilo?
3. What are the benefits that the Indigenous people can receive from
different government agencies such as the Department of Labor and
Employment (DOLE), the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), and the
Department of Science and Technology (DOST)? Are there any Non-
Government Organizations (NGOs) that are willing to support the cause?
Research Problem
Scope and Limitation of the Study
o It set borders and limitations of the problem inquiry and narrowed
down the scope of the inquiry.
o It is used to delimit by geographic location, age, sex, population
traits, population size, or other similar aspects.
o It makes the study more manageable and feasible.

o Ex. This study covers only those families in Barangay

Mandurriao, Iloilo City who benefited from the government’s
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps).
o This study includes only those English freshman classes that use
both Blended Learning and standard ways of Language teaching.
Exit Feeling Ticket
How do I feel about the lesson today?
Why?

I feel _______________________ because

____________________________________
After participating in the Family Feud game, consider the
methods/procedures I might have used to gather the data.

What steps and processes do you think

were involved in collecting and compiling
the responses?
 METHODOLOGY
It is a description of how exactly you conducted your
research.
You should provide detailed information on the research
design, participants, equipment, materials, variables, and
actions taken by the participants. The method section should
provide enough information to allow other researchers to
replicate your experiment or study. (Cherry, 2017)
 Parts of Methodology
Research Outlines the overall strategy, structure, and
Design approach used. It specifies whether the study is
qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-method.
A. Quantitative o Experimental Research Design
Research o Descriptive Research Design
Designs: o Correlational Research Design
o Quasi-Experimental Research Design
B. Qualitative o Phenomenological Research Design
Research o Grounded Theory Research Design
Designs: o Ethnographic Research Design
o Case Study Research Design
 Parts of Methodology
o Where and when the study took place
(context) and describes the individuals or
Context and groups involved (participants).
Participants of
the Study o It includes details such as demographic
characteristics, sampling methods, and
rationale for selecting the participants.
o Tools or techniques used to collect data
Research (e.g., surveys, interviews, tests).
Instruments, o Validity refers to whether the instrument
Its Validity, & measures what it intends to measure,
Reliability while reliability indicates the consistency
and accuracy of the instrument's results.
 Parts of Methodology
o Step-by-step process used to collect
data from participants.
Data o It includes details on how participants
Gathering were approached, informed consent
Procedure procedures, data collection methods (e.g.,
surveys, interviews), and any ethical
considerations.
o Explains how the collected data will be
processed, organized, and interpreted to
Data Analysis answer the research questions or test
Procedure hypotheses.
o Ex. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and
Thematic Analysis
Research Design: Choosing your
Data Collection Methods
 Growth Community (GC) Task
GC 1 – Questionnaire as Instrument, its Advantages and
Disadvantages
GC 2 – Tests and Types of Test Questions in Research
GC 3 – Interview and Guidelines for Conducting an Interview
GC 4 – Observation, Forms of Observation, and Guidelines for
conducting an observation
GC 5 – Archival and Document Analysis
GC 6 – Focus Group Discussion and its Guidelines
GC 7 – Ethical Considerations in Data Collection
GC 8 – Writing an Informed Consent in Research
 Rubrics for the Presentation
Criteria 4 3 2 1
Demonstrates thorough Shows good Displays some Demonstrates little
Content understanding of the understanding of the understanding of understanding of the
Knowledge topic, with accurate and topic, with mostly the topic, with topic, with many
(X2) comprehensive accurate information. several inaccuracies.
information. inaccuracies.

Engages the audience Engages the audience Engagement with Fails to engage the
effectively, adequately, showing the audience is audience, with little
Engagement demonstrating some confidence and limited, and lacks confidence or
and Delivery confidence, enthusiasm, enthusiasm. confidence or enthusiasm.
and professionalism. enthusiasm.

Manages time effectively, Mostly manages time Struggles with time Poor time
staying within the well, staying close to management, management,
Time allocated presentation the allocated going over or under significantly
Management time and covering all key presentation time and the allocated exceeding or falling
points. covering most key presentation time. short of the allocated
points. presentation time.
Demonstrates strong Shows effective Collaboration is Teamwork and
Teamwork teamwork, collaboration, teamwork and somewhat collaboration are
and and contributions from collaboration, with effective, with minimal or
Collaboration all members. contributions from uneven ineffective, with little
most members. contributions from contribution from
members. members.
Applied 4
Practical Research 2
Senior High School (SHS) Unit