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Lecture 01

Advanced Geomatics Engg

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48 views24 pages

Lecture 01

Advanced Geomatics Engg

Uploaded by

P K Garg
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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01

Introduction to Geomatics Engineering


Prof. P. K. Garg
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

1
Geomatics
• In a rapidly changing digital world, Geomatics has a
special significance, which is used for data collection and
monitoring the activities on the Earth’s surface.

• Geomatics consists of two words; “Geo” which refers to


“Earth” and “Matics” which refers to “Mathematics”.
Hence, geomatics deals with the acquisition and analysis
of Earth surface data using the principle of mathematics.
Definition of Geomatics

• As per Wikipedia-
“Geomatics engineering, also known as surveying engineering
(or geospatial science or geospatial engineering or geospatial
technology), is the discipline of gathering, storing, processing,
and delivering geographic information or spatially referenced
information”.
Geomatics

In other words, it consists of products,


services and tools involved in the collection,
integration and management of geographic
data.

Today data is wealth for knowledge


based economies.
Concept of Geomatics
Geomatics involves
• Geospatial data collection & analysis, geospatial tools &
techniques, geospatial models, geospatial databases,
human-computer interaction, wireless networking
technologies which are referenced to geographic
location.
• Use of modern information methods and technologies,
including development in ICT and IoT, especially
software and computer graphics.
Tools used in Geospatial Technology
Geospatial technology

• Can solve complex problems

• Understands complex problems and provides answers


of: What? Where? When? Who? How? and Why?

• Integrates data from number of sources to create


information, knowledge and value.
Four main tasks in Geomatics

1. Collection and processing of geodata,

2. Development and management of databases of


geodata,

3. Analysis and modelling of geodata, and

4. Development and integration of geodata using


computer tools and software for above three tasks.
Geospatial Technology
Geomatics involves multidisciplinary tools
• Cartography
• Geodesy
• Photogrammetry
• Remote sensing
• Laser
• GPS
• Field data
• Web-mapping
• Computer science
• Computer vision
• Mobile and game technology
• intelligent system
• Internet of things
Major disciplines of Geomatics Engineering
Geomatics is the integration of-
• Photogrammetry
• Remote Sensing
• Global Positioning System (GPS) and
• Geographical Information System (GIS)
• LASER Technology
• UAV (Drone) Technology
Photogrammetry
• Photogrammetry is the art, science and technology of
obtaining reliable information about physical objects and the
environment, through the processes of recording, measuring,
and interpreting photographic images.

• The output from the photogrammetric process can be the


coordinates of ground points, a graphical representation of
the ground surface (topographic map, thematic map, 3D
maps, etc.), or a rectified image with map-like characteristics
(ortho-photos) which can be further used in GIS.
Remote Sensing
• Remote sensing refers to obtaining information about the
objects, or area, or phenomenon through the analysis of data
obtained remotely by sensor systems.
• It provides an important source of information of Earth
surface, including land use, vegetation, surface temperatures,
digital elevation models, soils, water, geology, roads, habitation,
forestry, surface elevation and snow, at different scales
• Sequential images are very useful in monitoring dynamic
activities, such as flood, water pollution, deforestation, forest
fire, snow cover, urban sprawl, drought monitoring and
assessment etc.
GPS
• GPS provides three-dimensional position of objects on
the Earth anytime, anywhere and in any weather condition.
• Today, it is considered as the most advanced and popular
system of navigation.
• The technology has benefitted various applications like,
highways, railroads, mining, surveying and mapping, power,
agricultural, environmental management, telecommunications,
health, law enforcement, emergency response, crustal
movement, disaster response, aviation, automobile navigation,
tracking objects, sports, construction, recreation, etc.
UAV/Drone
• An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is an aircraft used for
Earth surface data collection that carries no human pilot
or passengers.
• UAVs, also called “drones”, can be fully or partially
autonomous but are more often controlled remotely by
a human operator.
• UAVs are fast becoming popular, and are being used for
various applications, including logistics, agriculture,
remote sensing, wireless hotspot services, smart city
applications, disaster management, etc.

16
GIS
• A GIS is an information system which is capable of integrating,
storing, editing, interpreting, analysing, visualizing, querying, sharing
and displaying spatially referenced data of the Earth to understand
the relationships, patterns, and trends.
• GIS consists of images that are geo-referenced to the Earth with x, y
coordinates, and their attribute values that are stored in the database
table.
• The spatial data in the form of maps, such as topography, geology,
soil types, forest and vegetation, land use, water, roads etc., are
stored as layers in digital form.
• Integrates a database of multiple information layers using a defined
criteria and produces new thematic maps.
Hardware Software and Services in
Geospatial Technology
• The major companies that produce compatible hardware in
India are HP, Trimble, Sokkia, Nokia, Leica and Garmin.
• The major software providers in India are ESRI, AutoDesk,
Bentley Systems, Leica Geosystems, PIX4D, InterGraph and
PCI Geomatics.
• The major companies in geospatial services include, ESRI,
Rolta, RMSI, Infotech Enterprises, TCS, Google, Microsoft
Why Study Geomatics Engineering ?
• India is recognised for its IT skills and space programmes.
• It offers good infrastructure and expertise for collection of geospatial data.
• India has shortage of skilled human resource in the field of geomatics, so
students can take this as hotspot career.
• Geomatics is not only for the people studying surveying , remote sensing,
GPS, GIS or geography, but recently more disciplines, like computer
science, civil engineering, architecture, geology, environmental science etc.,
have also included geomatics Engineering subject.
• The Government has made liberal policies to collect and share geospatial
data and information so that geomatics is used for socio-economic
development and achievement of sustainable development goals.
Status of Geomatics in India
• India has long been a leader in using geoinformatics technologies since
1980s by having its own Indian Remote Sensing Satellites.
• In India, it has become an important component of planning & decision
making, such as urban planning, natural resources, infrastructure,
agriculture, forestry or location-based services.
• In various government programs, such as Digital India, Smart Cities, Skill
Development, Start-Up India, Make in India, National Mission for Clean
Ganga, Interlinking of rivers, Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor, Smart
Power, and Smart Agriculture, geospatial technologies are playing a
critical role.
Geospatial service providers focussing on various sectors in India
(Source: Report on India’s Geospatial Market and Prospects, 2016)
Global GIS Market

Global GIS Market was valued US$ 67.5 Billion in 2017 and is expected to reach
US$ 177.3 Billion by 2027, at CAGR of 12.8% during forecast period.
Benefits of using Geomatics
1. Better precision and accuracy
2. Enhanced data safety, security and control
3. Faster decision making
4. Cost effective, particularly for large areas
5. Higher productivity, and
6. Increased transparency and better planning
Thank You

24

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