FAIRFIELD INSITTUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY

PRACTICAL FILE
Subject Name:- COMPUTER GRAPHICS
Subject Code:- BCA 373

Submitted to:- Submitted by:-

MR. SHASHI KANT TIWARI RAKSHIT KUMAR
SCHOOL OF INFORMATIVE 04490102021
TECHOLOGY (I.T) BCA 5th SEM

1
 TABLE OF CONTENT

S.NO PRACTICAL LIST PAGE NO

1 Rotation in 2D 1

2 Scaling in 2D 3
3 Reflection in 2D 4
4 Shearing in 2D 6

5 Cohen Sutherland's Algorithm 7

6 Translation in 2D 11
7 Making an Analog Clock 12

8 Design a screensaver 14

9 Draw a moving cycle 15

10 Show Moving Car Animation 16

11 Show Bouncing Ball Animation 18

12 Circle Algorithms: - 19

13 Line Drawing Algorithms (DDA & Bradenham’s 21

Algorithm)
14 Graphics Inbuilt functions 23

15 Program to draw Flying Balloons 24

2
Practical 1: Rotation in 2D.

1
OUTPUT:

2
Practical 2: Scaling in 2D.

#include <iostream>
#include <conio.h>
#include <graphics.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
float p,q,r,s,Sx,Sy;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\Tc\\BGI");

cout<<"Enter the first coordinate of a line:";

cin>>p>>" ">>q;
cout << endl;

cout<<"Enter the second coordinate of a line:";

cin>>r>>" ">>s;
cout << endl;

line(p,q,r,s);

cout<<"Enter the scaling factor:";

cin>>Sx>>" ">>Sy;
cout << endl;

p=p*Sx;
q=q*Sy;
r=r*Sx;
s=s*Sy;

line(p,q,r,s);

getch();
closegraph();
}

OUTPUT :

3
Practical 3: Reflection in 2D.

#include <conio.h>
#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int gm, gd = DETECT, ax, x1 = 100;
int x2 = 100, x3 = 200, y1 = 100;
int y2 = 200, y3 = 100;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "");
cleardevice();
line(getmaxx() / 2, 0, getmaxx() / 2,
getmaxy());
line(0, getmaxy() / 2, getmaxx(),
getmaxy() / 2);
printf("Before Reflection Object"
" in 2nd Quadrant");
setcolor(14);
line(x1, y1, x2, y2);
line(x2, y2, x3, y3);
line(x3, y3, x1, y1);
getch();
printf("\nAfter Reflection");
setcolor(4);
line(getmaxx() - x1, getmaxy() - y1,
getmaxx() - x2, getmaxy() - y2);
line(getmaxx() - x2, getmaxy() - y2,
getmaxx() - x3, getmaxy() - y3);
line(getmaxx() - x3, getmaxy() - y3,
getmaxx() - x1, getmaxy() - y1);
setcolor(3);
line(getmaxx() - x1, y1,
getmaxx() - x2, y2);
line(getmaxx() - x2, y2,
getmaxx() - x3, y3);
line(getmaxx() - x3, y3,
getmaxx() - x1, y1);
setcolor(2);
line(x1, getmaxy() - y1, x2,
getmaxy() - y2);
line(x2, getmaxy() - y2, x3,
getmaxy() - y3);
line(x3, getmaxy() - y3, x1,
getmaxy() - y1);
getch();
closegraph();
}

4
OUTPUT:

5
Practical 4: Shearing in 2D.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
int x,y,x1,y1,x2,y2,shear_f;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");
printf("\n please enter first coordinate = ");
scanf("%d %d",&x,&y);
printf("\n please enter second coordinate = ");
scanf("%d %d",&x1,&y1);
printf("\n please enter third coordinate = ");
scanf("%d %d",&x2,&y2);
printf("\n please enter shearing factor x = ");
scanf("%d",&shear_f);
cleardevice();
line(x,y,x1,y1);
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x,y);

setcolor(RED);
x=x+ y*shear_f;
x1=x1+ y1*shear_f;
x2=x2+ y2*shear_f;

line(x,y,x1,y1);
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x,y);
getch();
closegraph();
}

OUTPUT:-

6
Practical 5: Cohen Sutherland's Algorithm.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<dos.h>
typedef struct coordinate
{
int x,y;
char code[4];
}PT;

void drawwindow();
void drawline(PT p1,PT p2);
PT setcode(PT p);
int visibility(PT p1,PT p2);
PT resetendpt(PT p1,PT p2);

void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,v,gm;
PT p1,p2,p3,p4,ptemp;
printf("\nEnter x1 and y1\n");
scanf("%d %d",&p1.x,&p1.y);
printf("\nEnter x2 and y2\n");
scanf("%d %d",&p2.x,&p2.y);
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\turboc3\\bgi");
drawwindow();
delay(500);
drawline(p1,p2);
delay(500);
cleardevice();
delay(500);
p1=setcode(p1);
p2=setcode(p2);
v=visibility(p1,p2);
delay(500);
switch(v)
{
case 0: drawwindow();
delay(500);
drawline(p1,p2);
break;
case 1: drawwindow();
delay(500);
break;
case 2: p3=resetendpt(p1,p2);
p4=resetendpt(p2,p1);

7
drawwindow();
delay(500);
drawline(p3,p4);
break;
}
delay(5000);
closegraph();
}

void drawwindow()
{
line(150,100,450,100);
line(450,100,450,350);
line(450,350,150,350);
line(150,350,150,100);
}

void drawline(PT p1,PT p2)

{
line(p1.x,p1.y,p2.x,p2.y);
}

PT setcode(PT p) //for setting the 4 bit code

{
PT ptemp;
if(p.y<100)
ptemp.code[0]='1'; //Top
else
ptemp.code[0]='0';
if(p.y>350)
ptemp.code[1]='1'; //Bottom
else
ptemp.code[1]='0';
if(p.x>450)
ptemp.code[2]='1'; //Right
else
ptemp.code[2]='0';
if(p.x<150)
ptemp.code[3]='1'; //Left
else
ptemp.code[3]='0';
ptemp.x=p.x;
ptemp.y=p.y;
return(ptemp);
}

int visibility(PT p1,PT p2)

{

8
int i,flag=0;
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
{
if((p1.code[i]!='0') || (p2.code[i]!='0'))
flag=1;
}
if(flag==0)
return(0);
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
{
if((p1.code[i]==p2.code[i]) && (p1.code[i]=='1'))
flag='0';
}
if(flag==0)
return(1);
return(2);
}

PT resetendpt(PT p1,PT p2)

{
PT temp;
int x,y,i;
float m,k;
if(p1.code[3]=='1')
x=150;
if(p1.code[2]=='1')
x=450;
if((p1.code[3]=='1') || (p1.code[2]=='1'))
{
m=(float)(p2.y-p1.y)/(p2.x-p1.x);
k=(p1.y+(m*(x-p1.x)));
temp.y=k;
temp.x=x;
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
temp.code[i]=p1.code[i];
if(temp.y<=350 && temp.y>=100)
return (temp);
}
if(p1.code[0]=='1')
y=100;
if(p1.code[1]=='1')
y=350;
if((p1.code[0]=='1') || (p1.code[1]=='1'))
{
m=(float)(p2.y-p1.y)/(p2.x-p1.x);
k=(float)p1.x+(float)(y-p1.y)/m;
temp.x=k;
temp.y=y;

9
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
temp.code[i]=p1.code[i];
return(temp);
}
else
return(p1);
}

OUTPUT:-

BEFORE CLIPPING

AFTER CLIPPING

10
Practical 6: Translation in 2D.
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
int l[2][2],v[2]={10,15},i=0,j;
clrscr();
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");
printf("Enter the initial and final coordinates of a line ");
while(i<2)
{
printf("x%d and y%d = ",i,i);
j=0;
scanf("%d",&l[i][j]);
scanf("%d",&l[i][j+1]);
i++;
}
line(l[0][0],l[0][1],l[1][0],l[1][1]);
setcolor(BLUE);
line(l[0][0]+v[0],l[0][1]+v[1],l[1][0]+v[0],l[1][1]+v[1]);
getch();
closegraph();
}

OUTPUT:-

11
Practical 7: Making an Analog Clock.
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<dos.h>
int calculatehrs(int h)
{
int x;
switch(h)
{
case 0: x=90;
break;
case 1:
case 13: x=60;
break;
case 2:
case 14: x=30
break;
}
int calculatemin(int m )
{
int x;
if(m%5==0){
switch(m){
case 0: x= 90;
break;
case 5: x= 60;
break;
case 10: x= 30;
break;
case 15: x= 360;
break;
case 20: x= 330;
break;
case 25: x= 300;
break;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\Users\jravi\OneDrive\Desktop");
get time (&t);
h=t.t i_hour;
m=t.t i_min;
s=t.t i_sec;
a = calculatemin(h);
b= calculatemin(m);
c= calculatemin(s);
a =changehrs(m,a)
for(i=a; i>0; i-=6)
for(j=b; j>0; j-=6)
for(k=c; k>0; k-=6)
{

12
 outtextxy(190,20, "Analog Clock");
circle(300, 200,102);
}
}

}
}
}

OUTPUT:-

13
Practical 8: Design a screensaver.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <graphics.h>
#include <conio.h>

void main(){
int gdriver=DETECT,gmode,col=480,row=640,font=4,direction=2,size=8,color=15;
initgraph(&gdriver,&gmode,"C:\\TurboC3\\BGI");
cleardevice();
while(!kbhit()){
settextstyle(random(font),random(direction),random(size));
setcolor(random(color));
outtextxy(random(col),random(row),"ShadowHack");
delay(250);
}
closegraph();
}

OUTPUT:-

14
Practical 9: Draw a moving cycle.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
int main()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm ;
int i;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");
for(i = 0; i < 500; i++){
circle(200 + i,300,30);
circle(350 + i,300,30);
arc(200 + i, 300, 0, 180, 34);
arc(350 + i, 300, 30, 195, 34);
line(200 + i,300,270 + i,300);
line(200 + i,240,200 + i,300);
line(200 + i,250,270 + i,300);
line(270 + i,300,350 + i,250);
line(200 + i,250,350 + i,250);
line(350 + i,300,350 + i,220);
line(340 + i,210,360 + i,230);
line(265 + i,280,275 + i, 320);
line(190 + i,240,220 + i,240);

line(0,330,650,330);
delay(30);
cleardevice();
}
getch();
return 0;
}

OUTPUT:-

15
Practical 10: Show Moving Car Animation.

#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdio.h>
void draw_moving_car(void) {
int i, gd = DETECT, gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "");
for (i = 0; i <= 420; i = i + 10) {
setcolor(RED);
line(0 + i, 300, 210 + i, 300);
line(50 + i, 300, 75 + i, 270);
line(75 + i, 270, 150 + i, 270);
line(150 + i, 270, 165 + i, 300);
line(0 + i, 300, 0 + i, 330);
line(210 + i, 300, 210 + i, 330);
circle(65 + i, 330, 15);
circle(65 + i, 330, 2);
circle(145 + i, 330, 15);
circle(145 + i, 330, 2);
line(0 + i, 330, 50 + i, 330);
line(80 + i, 330, 130 + i, 330);
line(210 + i, 330, 160 + i, 330);
delay(100);
setcolor(BLACK);
line(0 + i, 300, 210 + i, 300);
line(50 + i, 300, 75 + i, 270);
line(75 + i, 270, 150 + i, 270);
line(150 + i, 270, 165 + i, 300);
line(0 + i, 300, 0 + i, 330);
line(210 + i, 300, 210 + i, 330);
circle(65 + i, 330, 15);
circle(65 + i, 330, 2);
circle(145 + i, 330, 15);
circle(145 + i, 330, 2);
line(0 + i, 330, 50 + i, 330);
line(80 + i, 330, 130 + i, 330);
line(210 + i, 330, 160 + i, 330);
}
getch();
closegraph();
}
int main()
{
draw_moving_car();
return 0;
}

16
OUTPUT:-

17
Practical 11: Show Bouncing Ball Animation.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<dos.h>
void main() {
int gd = DETECT, gm = DETECT;
int x, y = 0, j, t = 400, c = 1;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "");
setcolor(RED);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, RED);
for (x = 40; x < 602; x++) {
cleardevice();
circle(x, y, 30);
floodfill(x, y, RED);
delay(40);
if (y >= 400) {
c = 0;
t -= 20;
}
if (y <= (400 - t))
c = 1;
y = y + (c ? 15 : -15);
}
getch();
}

OUTPUT:-

18
Practical 12: Circle Algorithms.
#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <math.h>
void EightWaySymmetricPlot(int xc,int yc,int x,int y)
{
putpixel(x+xc,y+yc,RED);
putpixel(x+xc,-y+yc,YELLOW);
putpixel(-x+xc,-y+yc,GREEN);
putpixel(-x+xc,y+yc,YELLOW);
putpixel(y+xc,x+yc,12);
putpixel(y+xc,-x+yc,14);
putpixel(-y+xc,-x+yc,15);
putpixel(-y+xc,x+yc,6);
}
void BresenhamCircle(int xc,int yc,int r)
{
int x=0,y=r,d=3-(2*r);
EightWaySymmetricPlot(xc,yc,x,y);
while(x<=y)
{
if(d<=0)
{
d=d+(4*x)+6;
}
else {
d=d+(4*x)-(4*y)+10;
y=y-1;
}
x=x+1;
EightWaySymmetricPlot(xc,yc,x,y);
}
}
int main(void)
{
int xc,yc,r,gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1);
}
printf("Enter the values of xc and yc :");

19
 scanf("%d%d",&xc,&yc);
printf("Enter the value of radius :");
scanf("%d",&r);
BresenhamCircle(xc,yc,r);

getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}

OUTPUT:

20
Practical 13: Line Drawing Algorithms (DDA & Bradenham’s Algorithm).
#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void drawline(int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1)
{
int dx, dy, p, x, y;
dx=x1-x0;
dy=y1-y0;
x=x0;
y=y0;
p=2*dy-dx;
while(x<x1)
{
if(p>=0)
{
putpixel(x,y,7);
y=y+1;
p=p+2*dy-2*dx;
}
else
{
putpixel(x,y,7);
p=p+2*dy;}
x=x+1;
}
}
int main()
{
int gdriver=DETECT, gmode, error, x0, y0, x1, y1;
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "c:\\turboc3\\bgi");
printf("Enter co-ordinates of first point: ");
scanf("%d%d", &x0, &y0);
printf("Enter co-ordinates of second point: ");
scanf("%d%d", &x1, &y1);
drawline(x0, y0, x1, y1);
return 0;
}

21
OUTPUT:-

22
Practical 14: Graphics Inbuilt functions
I. Line Function

OUTPUT:

ii. The “bar” Function

OUTPUT:

23
Practical 15:
#include <conio.h>
#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\""turboc3\\bgi");

setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, BLUE);
floodfill(100, 100, 15);

setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, RED);

circle(550, 200, 100);

floodfill(552, 202, 15);

setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, WHITE);

line(650, 200, 630, 400);

line(650, 200, 620, 400);

line(620, 400, 630, 400);

floodfill(625, 398, 15);

line(450, 200, 470, 400);

line(450, 200, 480, 400);

24
 line(470, 400, 480, 400);
floodfill(475, 398, 15);

setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, BROWN);
rectangle(450, 400, 650, 500);
floodfill(452, 402, 15);

setfillstyle(XHATCH_FILL, YELLOW);

line(450, 430, 650, 430);

floodfill(452, 498, 15);
getch();
closegraph();
}

OUTPUT:

25