A TRAINING REPORT

ON

PYTHON PROGRAMMING

In partial fulfilment on requirement for the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Submitted by:-

MADINA PAVAN VEERA KUMAR

Roll NO:- 20B85A0231

Submitted to:-

J.AYYAPPA (Assit prof.)

SIR C R REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(Affiliated to JNTUK, Accregated by NAAC)

(ELURU-534007 , WEST GODAVARI DIST. A.P.)

 CERTIFICATE

This is certified that MADINA PAVAN VEERA KUMAR bearing a roll no

20B85A0231 has presented on Individual training on “python programming ” in
partial fulfilment for the award of degree of Bachelor of technology in
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING at SIR C R REDDY COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING, affiliated to JNTUK University under our supervision and
guidance during academic session 2022-2023.

J.AYYAPPA Prof. A. SRINIVASA REDDY

(Guidance of Internship) Head of the Department

 Acknowledgement

It is our proud privilege and duty to acknowledge the kind of help and
guidance received from several people in preparation of this report. It would
not have been possible to prepare this report in this form without their
valuable help, cooperation and guidance.

First and foremost, we wish to record our sincere gratitude to Prof., Mr.J.
AYYAPPA for his constant support and encouragement in preparation of this
report and for making available library and laboratory facilities needed to
prepare this report.

The seminar on “Python Programming ” was very helpful to us in giving the

necessary background information and inspiration in choosing this topic for the
seminar. Their contributions and technical support in preparing this report are
greatly acknowledged.

Last but not the least, we wish to thank our parents for financing our studies
in this college as well as for constantly encouraging us to learn engineering.
Their personal sacrifice in providing this opportunity to learn engineering is
gratefully acknowledgement.

Assosiated by

Madina pavan veera kumar

 Table Of Contents

Introduction
1.1 Python …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….1-2

1.2 Scripting Language ………………………………………………………………......................................................2-3

1.3 Object Oriented Programming…………….……………………………………………………………….………………….3-3

1.4 History of python ……………………………………………………………………………………………..........................3-4

1.5 Behind the Scene of Python …………………………………………………………………………………………………….5-5

Downloading & Installing Python

2.1 Downloading Python ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….6-7

2.2 Installing Python …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….8-10

2.3 Setup path of variable …………………………………………………………………………………..........................10-11

2.4 Running The Python IDE ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….12-13

2.5 Python code Execution.…………………………………………………………………………………………………….….13-13

Data Types & Operator

3.1 Data Type ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………14-15

3.2 Variables …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….15-15

3.3 String ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………15-16

3.4 Python Operator ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….16-17

3.4.1 Arithmetic Operator …………………………………………………………………………………………….17-17

3.4.2 Comparison Operator ………………………………………………………………………………………….17-18

Tuple & List
4.1 Tuple ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………18-20

4.1.1 Accessing Tuple Values …………………………………………………….………………………………………18-18

4.1.2 Built in Operation ………………………………………………………………………………………………………18-19

4.1.3 Built in Touple Functions …………………………………………………………………………………………..19-19

4.2 List ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………..20-23

4.2.1 Accessing List Values ………………………………………………………………...……………………………….20-21

4.2.2 Built in Operation ……………………………………………………………………………………………………...21-21

4.2.3 Built in Functions ………………………………………………………………………………………………………21-21

Loops & Conditional Statements

5.1 Loops …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………21-26

5.1.1 Loops Definition ……………………………………………………………..….………………………………21-22

5.1.2 Loops Example ………………………………………………………………..….................................22-23

5.2 Conditional Statement ………………………………………………………………….……………………………………23-23

5.21Conditional Statement Definition ……………………………………...………………………………..23-23

5.2.2 Conditional Statement Example ………………………………..……………………………………..24-25

5.3 Function ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………25-25

5.3.1 Syntax & Examples ……………………………………………...…………………………………………....25-26

Uses & Scope of python.

6.1 What can we do With Python? …………………………………………………………………………..26-26

6.2 Who Uses Python Today? ………………………………………………………………………………….27-27

6.3 Why do People use python?...................................................................................27-27

Python

Python is a widely used high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic

programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability,
and its syntax allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code
than would be possible in languages such as C++ or Java. The language
provides constructs intended to enable clear programs on both a small and
large scale.

Python supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-

oriented, imperative and functional programming or procedural styles. It
features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and
has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are
available for installation on many operating systems, allowing Python code
execution on a wide variety of systems.

Scripting Language

A scripting or script language is a programming language that supports scripts,

programs written for a special run-time environment that automate the
execution of tasks that could alternatively be executed one-by-one by a human
operator.

Scripting languages are often interpreted (rather than compiled). Primitives

are usually the elementary tasks or API calls, and the language allows them to
be combined into more complex programs. Environments that can be
automated through scripting include software applications, web pages within
a web browser, the shells of operating systems (OS), embedded systems, as
well as numerous games.

A scripting language can be viewed as a domain-specific language for a

particular environment; in the case of scripting an application, this is
also known as an extension language. Scripting languages are also
sometimes referred to as very high-level programming languages, as
they operate at a high level of abstraction, or as control languages.
Object Oriented Programming Language

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on

the concept of "objects", which may contain data, in the form of fields, often
known as attributes; and code, in the form of procedures, often known as
methods. A distinguishing feature of objects is that an object's procedures
can access and often modify the data fields of the object with which they are
associated (objects have a notion of "this" or "self").

In OO programming, computer programs are designed by making them out of

objects that interact with one another. There is significant diversity in
objectoriented programming, but most popular languages are class-based,
meaning that objects are instances of classes, which typically also determines their
type.

History

Python was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation was started
in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at CWI in the Netherlands as a
successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception
handling and interfacing with the Amoeba operating system. Van Rossum is
Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the
direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python
community, benevolent dictator for life (BDFL).
“Python is an experiment in how much freedom programmers need. Too
much freedom and nobody can read another's code; too little and
expressiveness is endangered.”

- Guido van Rossum

Behind The Scene of Python

About the origin of Python, Van Rossum wrote in 1996:

Over six years ago, in December 1989, I was looking for a "hobby"
programming project that would keep me occupied during the week around
Christmas. My office ... would be closed, but I had a home Computer, and not
much else on my hands. I decided to write an interpreter for the new scripting
language I had been thinking about lately: a descendant of ABC that would
appeal to Unix/C hackers. I chose Python as a working title for the project,
being in a slightly irreverent mood (and a big fan of Monty Python's Flying
Circus).

Downloading python

If you don’t already have a copy of Python installed on your computer, you will
need to open up your Internet browser and go to the
Python download page
(http://www.python.org/download/).

Now that you are on the download page, select which of the software builds
you would like to download. For the purposes of this article we will use the
most up to date version available (Python 3.4.1).
Once you have clicked on that, you will be taken to a page with a description
of all the new updates and features of 3.4.1, however, you can always read
that while the download is in process. Scroll to the bottom of the page till you
find the “Download” section and click on the link that says “download page.”

Now you will scroll all the way to the bottom of the page and find the
“Windows x86 MSI installer.” If you want to download the 86-64 bit MSI,
feel free to do so. We believe that even if you have a 64-bit operating
system installed on your computer, the 86-bit MSI is preferable. We say
this because it will still run well and sometimes, with the 64bit
architectures, some of the compiled binaries and Python libraries don’t
work well.
Installing Python

Once you have downloaded the Python MSI, simply navigate to the download
location on your computer, double clicking the file and pressing Run when the
dialog box pops up.

If you are the only person who uses your computer, simply leave the “Install
for all users” option selected. If you have multiple accounts on your PC and
don’t want to install it across all accounts, select the “Install just for me”
option then press “Next.”
f you want to change the install location, feel free to do so; however, it is best
to leave it as is and simply select next, Otherwise...
Scroll down in the window and find the “Add Python.exe to Path” and click on
the small red “x.” Choose the “Will be installed on local hard drive” option then
press “Next.”

Now that you have completed the installation process, click on “Finish.
Setup the Path Variable

Begin by opening the start menu and typing in “environment” and select the
option called

“Edit the system environment variables.”

When the “System Properties” window appears, click on “Environment

Variables…”

Once you have the “Environment Variables” window open, direct your
focus to the bottom half. You will notice that it controls all the “System
Variables” rather than just this associated with your user. Click on “New…”
to create a new variable for Python.
Simply enter a name for your Path and the code shown below. For the
purposes of this example we have installed Python 2.7.3, so we will call
the path: “Pythonpath.” The string that you will need to enter is:
“C:\Python27\;C:\Python27\Scripts;”
Running The Python IDE

Now that we have successfully completed the installation process and added our
“Environment Variable,” you are ready to create your first basic Python
script. Let’s begin by opening Python’s GUI by pressing “Start” and typing
“Python” and selecting the “IDLE (Python GUI).”

Once the GUI is open, we will begin by using the simplest directive possible.
This is the “print” directive which simply prints whatever you tell it to, into a
new line. Start by typing a print directive like the one shown in the image
below or copy and paste this text then press

“Enter”: print (“Congratulations on executing your first print directive!”)

Python Code Execution
Python’s traditional runtime execution model: source code you type is
translated to byte code, which is then run by the Python Virtual Machine.
Your code is automatically compiled, but then it is interpreted.

Source code extension is .py

Byte code extension is .pyc (compiled python code)

 Data Type

(this is called dynamic typing). Data types determine whether an object can
do something, or whether it just would not make sense. Other programming
languages often determine whether an operation makes sense for an object
by making sure the object can never be stored somewhere where the
operation will be performed on the object (this type system is called static
typing). Python does not do that. Instead it stores the type of an object with
the object, and checks when the operation is performed whether that
operation makes sense for that object Python has many native data types.
Here are the important ones:

Booleans are either True or False.

Numbers can be integers (1 and 2), floats (1.1 and 1.2), fractions (1/2 and 2/3),
or even complex numbers.

Strings are sequences of Unicode characters, e.g. an HTML document.

Bytes and byte arrays, e.g. a JPEG image file.

Lists are ordered sequences of values.

Tuples are ordered, immutable sequences of values.

Sets are unordered bags of values.

Variable

Variables are nothing but reserved memory locations to store values. This means
that when you create a variable you reserve some space in memory.

Based on the data type of a variable, the interpreter allocates memory and
decides what can be stored in the reserved memory. Therefore, by assigning
different data types to variables, you can store integers, decimals or
characters in these variables.

Ex: counter = 100 # An integer

assignment miles = 1000.0 # A floating

point name = "John" # A string

String

In programming terms, we usually call text a string. When you think of a string
as a collection of letters, the term makes sense.

All the letters, numbers, and symbols in this book could be a

string. For that matter, your name could be a string, and so
could your address.

Creating Strings

In Python, we create a string by putting quotes around text. For example, we

could take our otherwise useless
• "hello"+"world" "helloworld" # concatenation
• "hello"*3 "hellohellohello" # repetition

• "hello"[0] "h" # indexing

• "hello"[-1] "o" # (from end)

• "hello"[1:4] "ell" # slicing

• len("hello") 5 # size

• "hello" < "jello" 1 # comparison

• "e" in "hello" 1 # search

Python Operator

Arithmetic Operator

Operator
Meaning Example

+ Add two operands or unary plus x+y

+2

- Subtract right operand from the left or unary minus x - y

-2

* Multiply two operands x*y

 / Divide left operand by the right one (always results x / y
into float)

% Modulus - remainder of the division of left operand x % y

by the right (remainder
of x/y)
// Floor division - division that results into whole x // y
number adjusted to the left in the number line

** Exponent - left operand raised to the power of right x**y (x to the

power y)

Comparison Operator

> Greater that - True if left operand is greater than the right x>y

Less that - True if left operand is less than the right

< x<y Cha

== Equal to - True if both operands are equal x ==

y
!= Not equal to - True if operands are not equal x != y

Greater than or equal to - True if left operand is greater than x >=

>=
or equal to the right y

<= Less than or equal to - True if left operand is less than or equal to the +x <=
right y

Tuples

A tuple is a sequence of immutable Python objects. Tuples are sequences, just

like lists. The differences between tuples and lists are, the tuples cannot be
changed unlike lists and tuples use parentheses.

Accessing Values in Tuples:

To access values in tuple, use the square brackets for slicing along with the
index or indices to obtain value available at that index. For example − tup1
= ('physics', 'chemistry', 1997,
2000); tup2 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ); print "tup1[0]: ", tup1[0] print "tup2[1:5]: ",
tup2[1:5]

When the above code is executed, it produces the following result −

tup1[0]: physics tup2[1:5]: [2, 3, 4, 5]

Basic Tuples Operations

Tuples respond to the + and * operators much like strings; they mean
concatenation and repetition here too, except that the result is a new
tuple, not a string. In fact, tuples respond to all of the general sequence
operations we used on strings in the prior chapter −
Python Expression Results Description

len((1, 2, 3)) 3 Length

(1, 2, 3) + (4, 5, 6) (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) Concatenation

('Hi!',) * 4 ('Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!') Repetition

3 in (1, 2, 3) True Membership

for x in (1, 2, 3): print x, 123 Iteration

Built-in Tuple Functions

Python includes the following tuple functions −

SN Function with Description

1 cmp(tuple1, tuple2) Compares elements of both tuples.

2 len(tuple) Gives the total length of the tuple.

3 max(tuple) Returns item from the tuple with max value.

 4 min(tuple) Returns item from the tuple with min value.

5 tuple(seq) Converts a list into tuple.

List

The list is a most versatile datatype available in Python which can be written
as a list of commaseparated values (items) between square brackets.
Important thing about a list is that items in a list need not be of the same
type.
Creating a list is as simple as putting different comma-separated
values between square brackets. For example − list1 = ['physics',
'chemistry', 1997, 2000]; list2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]; list3 = ["a", "b", "c",
"d"];
Similar to string indices, list indices start at 0, and lists can be sliced,
concatenated and so on.

Accessing Values in Lists:

To access values in lists, use the square brackets for slicing along with the index
or indices to obtain value available at that index. For example − list1 = ['physics',
'chemistry', 1997, 2000]; list2 = [1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ]; print "list1[0]: ", list1[0] print "list2[1:5]: ", list2[1:5]

Output: list1[0]: physics

list2[1:5]: [2, 3, 4, 5]

Update: list = ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000]; print

"Value available at index 2 : " print list[2] list[2] = 2001; print

"New value available at index 2 : " print list[2]

Output: Value available at index 2 : 1997
New value available at index 2 : 2001

Delete: list1 = ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000];

print list1 del list1[2]; print "After deleting value at
index 2 : " print list1
['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000]

Output: After deleting value at index 2 :

['physics', 'chemistry', 2000]

Basic List Operation

Python Expression Results Description

len([1, 2, 3]) 3 Length

[1, 2, 3] + [4, 5, 6] [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] Concatenation

['Hi!'] * 4 ['Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!'] Repetition

3 in [1, 2, 3] True Membership

for x in [1, 2, 3]: print x, 123 Iteration

Built-in List Functions & Methods:

SN Function with Description

1 cmp(list1, list2) Compares elements of both lists.

2 len(list) Gives the total length of the list.

3 max(list) Returns item from the list with max value.

4 min(list) Returns item from the list with min value.

5 list(seq) Converts a tuple into list.

Python includes following list methods

SN Methods with Description

1 list.append(obj) Appends object obj to list

2 list.count(obj) Returns count of how many times obj occurs in list

3 list.extend(seq) Appends the contents of seq to list

4 list.index(obj) Returns the lowest index in list that obj appears

5 list.insert(index, obj) Inserts object obj into list at offset index

6 list.pop(obj=list[-1]) Removes and returns last object or obj from list

7 list.remove(obj) Removes object obj from list

8 list.reverse() Reverses objects of list in place

9 list.sort([func]) Sorts objects of list, use compare func if given

Loop definition
Programming languages provide various control structures that allow for more
complicated execution paths.
A loop statement allows us to execute a statement or group of statements
multiple times. The following diagram illustrates a loop statement −
Python programming language provides following types of loops to handle
looping requirements.

Loop Type Description

while loop Repeats a statement or group of statements while a

given condition is TRUE. It tests the condition before
executing the loop body.

for loop Executes a sequence of statements multiple times and

abbreviates the code that manages the loop variable.

nested loops You can use one or more loop inside any another
while, for or do..while loop.

Loop Example:
For Loop:
>>> for mynum in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]:

print ("Hello", mynum )

Hello 1
Hello 2
Hello 3
Hello 4
Hello 5

While Loop:
>>> count = 0 >>while(count< 4):

print 'The count is:', count count

= count + 1

The count is: 0

The count is: 1

The count is: 2
The count is: 3

Conditional Statements:

Decision making is anticipation of conditions occurring while execution of the

program and specifying actions taken according to the conditions.
Decision structures evaluate multiple expressions which produce TRUE
or FALSE as outcome. You need to determine which action to take and
which statements to execute if outcome is TRUE or FALSE otherwise.

Python programming language provides following types of decision making

statements. Click the following links to check their detail.
Statement Description

if statements An if statement consists of a boolean expression

followed by one or more statements.

if...else statements An if statement can be followed by an optional

else statement, which executes when the
boolean expression is FALSE.

nested if statements You can use one if or else if statement inside

another if or else if statement(s).

Example:
If
Statement:
a=33 b=200
If b>a:
print(“b”)
If...Else
Statement: a=200
b=33 if b>a:
print(“b is greater than a”) else:
print(“a is greater than b”)
Function

Function blocks begin with the keyword def followed by the function name and
parentheses ( ( )
).
Any input parameters or arguments should be placed within these parentheses.
You can also define parameters inside these parentheses.
 The first statement of a function can be an optional statement - the
documentation string of the function.
The code block within every function starts with a colon (:) and is indented.
The statement return [expression] exits a function, optionally passing back an
expression to the caller. A return statement with no arguments is the same as
return None.

Syntex:
Def functionname(parameters):
“function_docstring”
Function_suite
Return[expression]
Example:

Def printme(str):
“this print a passed string into this function” print
str return
1. # Function definition is here def
printme( str ):
"This prints a passed string into this
function" print str return;

# Now you can call printme function

printme("I'm first call to user defined
function!") printme("Again second call to the
same function")

SCOPE OF PYTHON

1 - Science
 - Bioinformatics

2 - System Administration
- Unix

- Web logic

- Web sphere

3 - Web Application Development

What Can We do With Python?

1 - System programming

2 - Graphical User Interface Programming

3 - Internet Scripting

4 - Component Integration

5 - Database Programming

6 - Gaming, Images, XML , Robot and more

WHO USES PYTHON TODAY?

• Python is being applied in real revenue-generating products by real
companies.

• Google makes extensive use of Python in its web search system, and
employs Python’s creator.

• Intel, Cisco, Hewlett-Packard, Seagate, Qualcomm, and IBM use Python for
hardware testing.
• ESRI uses Python as an end-user customization tool for its popular GIS
mapping products.

WHY DO PEOPLE USE PYTHON?

• The YouTube video sharing service is largely written in Python.
• Python is object-oriented o Structure supports such concepts as
polymorphism, operation overloading, and multiple inheritance.

• Indentation o Indentation is one of the greatest future in Python.

• It's free (open source) o Downloading and installing Python is free and
easy o Source code is easily accessible

• It's powerful o Dynamic typing o Built-in types and tools o Library

utilities
o Third party utilities (e.g. Numeric, NumPy, SciPy) o
Automatic memory management

• It's portable o Python runs virtually every major platform used today o As
long as you have a compatible Python interpreter installed, Python
programs will run in exactly the same manner, irrespective of platform.
Conclusion

I believe the trial has shown conclusively that it is both possible and
desirable to use Python as the principal teaching language:

o It is Free (as in both cost and source code).

o It is trivial to install on a Windows PC allowing students to take
their interest further. For many the hurdle of installing a Pascal
or C compiler on a Windows machine is either too expensive or
too complicated;

o It is a flexible tool that allows both the teaching of traditional

procedural programming and modern OOP; It can be used to
teach a large number of transferable skills;

o It is a real-world programming language that can be and is used

in academia and the commercial world;

o It appears to be quicker to learn and, in combination with its

many libraries, this offers the possibility of more rapid student
development allowing the course to be made more challenging
and varied;
and most importantly, its clean syntax offers increased understanding and
enjoyment for students