12 Advanced 2024 Last Version 7

Grammar Revision – 12 Advanced- Term 3 – 2023/2024 Mohammad Abumuslem
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Lesson 1: Passives: The best lesson ever
Please select the correct answer (a, b, c, or d) for each question.
1. The Eiffel Tower __________ by Gustave Eiffel.

a) designs
b) designed
c) was designed
d) has designed
2. The novels __________ into multiple languages.

a) are being translated
b) translated
c) was translated t
d) has translated
3. The projects__________ by the entire team.

a) was completed
b) were completed
c) completes
d) has completed
4. The concert __________ due to unforeseen circumstances.

a) was canceled
b) canceled
c) cancels
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d) has canceled
5. The flowers __________ in the garden every spring.

a) are being planted
b) planted
c) is being planted
d) have planted
6. The letter __________ by the secretary and sent to the recipient.

a) were typed
b) was typed
c) types
d) has typed
7. The famous painting __________ in a prestigious art gallery.

a) is being displayed
b) are displayed
c) displays
d) has been displaying
8. The new highway __________ to reduce traffic congestion.

a) was constructed
b) constructed
c) constructs
d) has constructed
9. The award __________ to the talented actress.

a) were presented
b) was presented
c) presents
d) has presented
10. The mistake __________ by someone in the accounting department.

a) were made
b) are made
c) makes
d) was made
Lesson two: After + having | being + PAST PARTICIPLE

Let’s explain some examples of the grammar structure: ‘after being pp‘ and ‘after having pp‘:
1. After being told these stories, I started thinking.

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2. I moved back to India after having spent six years in the US.
• Firstly, ‘after’ is a preposition before a complement ‘verb-ing’ clause. For
example, ‘after the story’, ‘after the U.S.‘
• We can write ‘after being told…’ in another way with the same meaning: ‘After I
was told…’
• Here ‘being‘ is non-finite, which means: it does not have the meaning of time. ‘I
was told‘ is the past simple passive’.
• We could start sentence 1 in an active way too: After somebody told me… (but
the person that said something is not important)
• ‘I started thinking’ is the main clause and it happened second in time. (being told
happened first in time)
• We change the order of the clauses: I started thinking after being told… You
can see sentence 2 has ‘after‘ in the middle.
• We can write ‘after having spent…‘ in another with the same meaning: ‘After I
had spent’ = past perfect simple.
• First, they lived in the US and second, they moved to India.
In conclusion, ‘being’ replaces some tense/time structure with ‘BE‘, and ‘HAVING’ replaces
some tense/time structure that uses a form of ‘HAVE‘.
Exercises:
After ………………… for the team, I trained hard every day. (select)
After ………………to work overtime, I decided to quit my job. (force)
After …………….into the army, he served his country for two years. (Draft)
After ……………a long and successful career, he retired.(Have)
After ………… to my new colleagues, I was given a tour of the office. (introduce)
After …………..alone in the house, I got scared. (leave)
Lesson 3: past perfect continuous in a relative clause

past perfect continuous in relative clauses to give background information.
For example:
I was scrolling on social media, and I saw a friend who had been sharing positive news stories.
Function
1- We use the past perfect continuous to talk about actions or situations that were happening
up to a specific moment in the past.
.‫حدث كان يحدث في وقت معين في الماضي و انتهى‬
By the time the bus arrived, they had been waiting it for 40 minutes. ( wait )
All+ time: ‫ طيلة‬, for+ time: ‫ لمدة‬, since+ time: ‫منذ‬

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Correct the verb between the brackets to complete the following sentences:
1- I was very tired when I got home. I ……………………………hard all day. ( be, work )
2- We …………………………… tennis for half an hour when it started to rain heavily. ( be,
play )
3- Ali went to the doctor last Thursday. He ……………………………. Well for some time. (not,
be, feel )
4- Before he passed his driving test, he had ………………………….. for three months. (be,
train)
Lesson four: Defining and non-defining relative clauses
Defining relative clauses are crucial to the sentence. If the clause is removed, the sentence will
not make sense and will not have the same meaning.
That is why they are also called essential relative clauses, essential meaning necessary or
extremely important.
That is the woman who stole my handbag.
This is the book that I read.
The car that I drive is a red Mercedes.
Non-defining relative clauses are not essential to the sentence. If the clause is removed, the
sentence still makes sense and has the same meaning.
The information may of course be relevant, which is why it is included, but it is not the main
point that the sentence is trying to convey about the noun.
My grandmother, who is 86 years old, is coming on holiday with us this year.
My car, which is a Mercedes, can reach speeds of 140 km per hour.
Canberra, which is the capital of Australia, is located at the northern end of the Australian
Capital Territory
A Relative clause refers to a whole clause or sentence, often to express an opinion or

evaluation or give a reason.
non-defining (non-restrictive) relative clauses to comment.

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He was late, which was unusual.
It’s raining, which is annoying.
But it‘s very polite, which is a very nice touch.

Questions:
1. The new product received positive reviews, ___.

a) which is the best way
b) which is a good idea
c) which is a nice touch
d) which is a big deal
2. The traffic was heavy, ___.

a) which is a great way
b) which is a big plus
c) which is a real shame
d) which goes a long way
3. The company achieved record sales, ___.

a) which is a good thing
b) which is a great place
c) which has its main offices
d) which is a huge plus
4. The project was completed ahead of schedule, ___.

a) which is a good sign
b) which is annoying
c) which is a big part
d) which is a nice touch
5. The team's hard work paid off, ___.

b) which is a big deal
c) which goes a long way
d) which is a real shame
6. The restaurant offers a diverse menu, ___.

b) which has its main offices
c) which plays an important role
d) which is a good idea
7. The event attracted a large crowd, ___.

a) which is a good sign
b) which is a big plus
c) which is a great thing
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d) which is a great place
8. The project team demonstrated excellent collaboration, ___.

b) which is really annoying
c) which is a big part
d) which plays an important role
9. The company's stock price plummeted, ___.

b) which is a big deal
c) which is a nice touch
d) which is a real shame.
10. The new policy received widespread support, ___.

a) which is a great place
b) which is a huge plus
c) which is a good idea
d) which is a big part
Complete each sentence with a word below.
who ■ whose ■ when ■ where ■ which
1. Jim can’t remember the room ……….. he left his glasses.

2. He showed us the car ………… he wanted to buy.
3. That’s the man ………… stole my bag.
4. I still remember the moment …………… I first saw her.
5. We have never met the neighbors …………. flat is above ours.
B Combine each pair of sentences with a relative clause. Make any necessary changes.
1. I bought my first car ten years ago. I was a salesman then.
................................................................................................................................................
2. There is a girl in my class. Her family emigrated from India.
................................................................................................................................................
3. Mark’s sister is getting married tomorrow. She has just graduated.
................................................................................................................................................
4. Lots of people walk in the park. I jog there every morning.

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................................................................................................................................................
5. My uncle’s farm is twenty kilometers from here. We often visit it.
................................................................................................................................................
6. The young boy was given a reward. He had saved the drowning child.
................................................................................................................................................
C Correct the error in each of the sentences.
1. The boy which sits next to me in class is very clever.
................................................................................................................................................
2. Our cat, that we all loved very much, died last week.
................................................................................................................................................
3. The man who car was stolen was very upset.
................................................................................................................................................
4. The school which I had studied as a child was destroyed in a fire.
................................................................................................................................................
5. At the weekend, that my family is at home, we have breakfast together.
................................................................................................................................................
D Complete the passage with suitable words. There may be more than one correct answer.
March 17th is an Irish holiday 1. ............................... honors the patron saint of Ireland, St Patrick,
2................................ brought Christianity to the Irish people. According to tradition, St Patrick,
3................................ father was a wealthy man, and was born in England. At the age of 16, he was
kidnapped by pirates and sold as a slave. Some years later, he escaped to France,
4................................ he lived for many years and became a priest. At the age of 60,
5................................ he returned to Ireland, where he built his first church. On March 17th, the
day 6................................ St Patrick died, people wear green clothes decorated with the shamrock,
7................................ is the national symbol of Ireland.
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demonstrate | illustrate (reporting verbs)
to show or prove that something exists or is true
While ‘illustrate‘ is listed at C1 with the meaning:
give information through diagrams, lists of numbers,
1. "The student's essay demonstrates an understanding of the complex subject matter."
2. "The athlete's performance in the competition demonstrated the ability to excel under
pressure."
3. "The researcher's extensive literature review demonstrates knowledge of the existing theories
in the field."
4. "The tutorial video demonstrates how to create a beautiful flower arrangement."
5. "The student's thoughtful questions demonstrate understanding of the complex scientific

concepts."
6. "The programmer's coding skills demonstrate proficiency in multiple programming

languages."
7. "The tutorial demonstrates how to use advanced features in the software application."
Rules for changing the verbs

Direct Indirect
Present (simple, continuous, perfect) Past (simple, continuous, perfect)
Past simple Past perfect
Past perfect Past perfect
Past continuous Past perfect continuous
Will, shall, may, can, must, have to Would, should, might, could, had to, had to
Statements
" These snakes are very dangerous ". Said the villagers
They said that those snakes were very dangerous.
" I will be here tomorrow ".
Ahmad told me that he would be there the next day.
1- " I can't come to the party on Friday ".
She said that ……………………………………………
2- " I saw an accident near the school yesterday ".
He said that …………………………………..................
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3- " I will invite my friends to my party ".
He said ………………………………………………….
4- " We buy everything we need here ".
He said that ………………………………………………
5- " He had typed these reports ".
He said that …………………………………….
Answers:
1 She couldn't come to the party on Friday.
2 he had seen an accident near the school the day before.
3 that he would invite his friends to his party.
4 they bought everything they needed there.
5 he had typed those reports.
Order / Command
.
" Study these words ".
The teacher ordered me to study those words.
" Don't play in the street ".
My dad warned me not to play in the street.
1- " Read the lesson loudly ". command the teacher.
The teacher ………………………………………………
2- " Give this letter to Ali today ".
She ordered him …………………………………………
3- " Don't use my mobile ".
He ordered ……………………………………………….
Answers:
1 ordered her to read the lesson loudly.
2 to give that letter to Ali that day.
3 him not to use his mobile.
Questions
1- Yes / No Q
" Will you wait at the bus-stop tomorrow? "
He asked if she would wait at the bus-stop the next day.
2- Wh Q
" How did she get here? "
He asked how she had gotten there.
1- " Did the children study the lesson? "
I wanted to know …………………………………
2- " Why has the teacher pushed you out? "
We asked …………………………………………….
3- " Have they repaired the washing machine? "
She ……………………………………………………
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Answers:
1 if the children had studied the lesson.
2 him why the teacher had pushed you out.
3 asked him if they had repaired the washing machine.
Report the following sentences

1- " Come to the meeting early tomorrow, Ali ".
He told Ali ……………………………………..
2- " I don't take the money ". Laila denied.
Laila denied that …………………………………….
3- " This box has a lot of gold ".
He said …………………………………………
4- " How are you? "
He asked me ……………………………………
5- " I am a teacher " .Ali said.
Ali said that ……………………………………...
6- " Does she come? "
Laila asked me …………………………………..
7- " Don't touch this wire ".
He ……………………………………………….
8- " How long have you been back? "
Ali asked him ……………………………………..
9- " Are you glad to be back ? "
She want to ……………………………………….
10- " Please don't tell anybody what happened ". Ahmad said to me
Ahmad asked me …………………………………
Answers:
1 to come to the meeting early the day after.
2 she took the money.
3 that box had a lot of gold.
4 how I was.
5 he was a teacher.
6 if she came.
7 ordered her not to touch that wire.
8 how long he had been back.
9 know if I was glad to be back.
10 not to tell anybody what had happened
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Future perfect continuous:
Emphasising the length of an event at a time in the future
We use the future perfect continuous form when we are looking back to the past from a point in
the future and we want to emphasize the length or duration of an activity or event:
In September the head teacher will have been teaching at the school for 20 years.
In September, she will have been living in France for a year.
I will have been studying English for three years by the end of this course.
We’re late. I think they’ll have been waiting for us. We’d better go.
Exercises:
1. My mom ________ for two days by the time I see her.
has been travelling
will have been travelling
will has been travelling
2. They'll be exhausted by dinner. They will have been _____ hockey for seven hours.
playing
played
play
3. Will you ________ here for ten years by the time of the Christmas party?
have been worked

have to work
have been working
4. It's a 24-hour relay. They'll only have been ________ for half the time by 6pm.
ran
run
running
5. We ________ been waiting long.
will not have

have not will
will have not
6. I ________ working for two years.

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willn't have been
won't have been
not have been
7. Won't they ________ travelling for two weeks by then?
have been
had been
has been
8. The teachers will ________ for a month by the time the deal is made.
have been striking

will strike
will be striking
9. The films run all night. We ________ movies for six hours by the time the feature comes on.
watched
will have been watching
will watch
10. She'll still be groggy. She ________ undergoing surgery for three hours.
will has been

will have been
will be have
Subordinating conjunction:
Here are examples of ‘so long as’ and ‘on condition that’ meaning ‘only if:
a finite subordinate clause, before or after a main clause, with conjunctions to introduce
conditions”
in CONJUNCTIONS defined as a
“wide range of simple subordinating conjunctions (‘once, whereas, unless, except
(that) provided (that)‘), to introduce a subordinate clause.”
unless’ + present simple to talk about an exception, with present and future reference.
1. So long as they keep to themselves, it makes no difference to me.
2. The house and grounds are left to the city of Gotham on condition
that they never be demolished, altered, or otherwise interfered with.
3. I’m here in the event that someone tries to access your mind through your dreams.
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1. ……….. you complete your homework, you can play video games. ( once, when, though)
2. I won't go outside ………. the weather improves. (if, unless, provided)
3. I will lend you my car …………….you return it with a full tank of gas.( provides that,
provided that, unless)
4. She agreed to lend me money …………. I pay her back by the end of the month. (on condition
that, unless, but)
5. ……… you study hard, you won't pass the exam.( Unless, if, proved that)
6. I will continue supporting you ………….you remain honest. (so long as, soon, unless)
7. I won't buy a new phone ………my current one stops working. ( unless, if, so as)
8. You can come to the party …………… you bring a dish to share. ( unless, on condition that,
so as)
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Grammar Revision – 12 Advanced- Term 3 – 2023/2024 Mohammad Abumuslem

Lesson 1: Passives: The best lesson ever

Please select the correct answer (a, b, c, or d) for each question.

1. The Eiffel Tower __________ by Gustave Eiffel.

2. The novels __________ into multiple languages.

3. The projects__________ by the entire team.

4. The concert __________ due to unforeseen circumstances.

5. The flowers __________ in the garden every spring.

6. The letter __________ by the secretary and sent to the recipient.

7. The famous painting __________ in a prestigious art gallery.

8. The new highway __________ to reduce traffic congestion.

9. The award __________ to the talented actress.

10. The mistake __________ by someone in the accounting department.

Lesson two: After + having | being + PAST PARTICIPLE

1. After being told these stories, I started thinking.

Lesson 3: past perfect continuous in a relative clause

All+ time: ‫ طيلة‬, for+ time: ‫ لمدة‬, since+ time: ‫منذ‬

Lesson four: Defining and non-defining relative clauses

That is the woman who stole my handbag.

This is the book that I read.

The car that I drive is a red Mercedes.

My grandmother, who is 86 years old, is coming on holiday with us this year.

My car, which is a Mercedes, can reach speeds of 140 km per hour.

A Relative clause refers to a whole clause or sentence, often to express an opinion or

non-defining (non-restrictive) relative clauses to comment.

But it‘s very polite, which is a very nice touch.

1. The new product received positive reviews, ___.

2. The traffic was heavy, ___.

3. The company achieved record sales, ___.

4. The project was completed ahead of schedule, ___.

5. The team's hard work paid off, ___.

6. The restaurant offers a diverse menu, ___.

7. The event attracted a large crowd, ___.

8. The project team demonstrated excellent collaboration, ___.

9. The company's stock price plummeted, ___.

10. The new policy received widespread support, ___.

Complete each sentence with a word below.

who ■ whose ■ when ■ where ■ which

1. Jim can’t remember the room ……….. he left his glasses.

1. I bought my first car ten years ago. I was a salesman then.

2. There is a girl in my class. Her family emigrated from India.

3. Mark’s sister is getting married tomorrow. She has just graduated.

4. Lots of people walk in the park. I jog there every morning.

5. My uncle’s farm is twenty kilometers from here. We often visit it.

C Correct the error in each of the sentences.

1. The boy which sits next to me in class is very clever.

3. The man who car was stolen was very upset.

4. The school which I had studied as a child was destroyed in a fire.

5. At the weekend, that my family is at home, we have breakfast together.

While ‘illustrate‘ is listed at C1 with the meaning:

give information through diagrams, lists of numbers,

1. "The student's essay demonstrates an understanding of the complex subject matter."

4. "The tutorial video demonstrates how to create a beautiful flower arrangement."

5. "The student's thoughtful questions demonstrate understanding of the complex scientific

6. "The programmer's coding skills demonstrate proficiency in multiple programming

Rules for changing the verbs

Report the following sentences

Emphasising the length of an event at a time in the future

have been worked